VOCABULARY ASSIGNMENT

Words on pages 299 – 306 and Chapter 1922 Words due ThursdayQuiz Friday

Main Idea

What are the categories of biological classification?

TAXONOMY IS THE SCIENCE OF NAMING

AND CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS TAXA ARE THE CATEGORIES

USED

CLASSIFICATION BRINGS ORDER TO LIFE SERVES AS A BASIS FOR

CLASSIFYING UNFAMILIAR ORGANISMS

PROVIDES A MEANS FOR NAMING ORGANISMS (COMMON NAMES CAN BE CONFUSING)

CAROLUS LINNAEUS INTRODUCED BINOMIAL

NOMENCLATUREGENUS – (NOUN) THESE ORGANISMS SHARE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS

SPECIES – (ADJECTIVE) IDENTIFIES ONE PARTICULAR KIND OF ORGANISM WITHIN THE GENUS

GENUS AND SPECIESTHE SCIENTIFIC NAMETHE GENUS IS ALWAYS

CAPITALIZEDTHE SPECIES IS ALWAYS

LOWER CASEBOTH ARE ALWAYS

UNDERLINED OR ITALICIZED

EXAMPLESHomo sapiens

Felis leo

WHAT IS A SPECIES?A BIOLOGICAL SPECIES IS A

GROUP OF NATURALLY OCCURRING POPULATIONS THAT CAN INTERBREED AND ARE REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED FROM OTHER GROUPS

EXCEPTIONS HYBRIDS ARE OFFSPRING FROM

DIFFERENT SPECIES THAT CAN INTERBREED

A DOG CAN BREED WITH A WOLF AND PRODUCE A DOG-WOLF HYBRID

IN ORDER TO INTERBREED THE TWO SPECIES MUST BE VERY CLOSELY RELATED

THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

DOMAINS ARCHAEA – CONTAINS THE

KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA (ANCIENT BACTERIA)BACTERIA – CONTAINS THE KINGDOM EUBACTERIA (TRUE BACTERIA) EUKARYA – CONTAINS THE PROTISTA, FUNGI, PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA KINGDOMS

DOMAIN ARCHAEACELL WALL MADE OF LIPIDS IDENTIFIED USING

COMMON DNA SEQUENCES.LIVE IN A VARIETY OF

ENVIRONMENTSCONTAINS THE KINGDOM

ARCHAEBACTERIA

CONTAINS THE OLDEST AND MOST ABUNDANT LIFE FORMS

CONTAINS THE KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

DOMAIN BACTERIA

DOMAIN EUKARYA

EUKARYOTIC CELLSSEXUAL REPRODUCTION

MULTICELLULARITY CAN EXIST

MULTICELLULARITYCOLONIAL - CELLS PERMANENTLY ASSOCIATED BUT DO NOT COMMUNICATE

AGGREGATIONS - TEMPORARY COLLECTION OF CELLS THAT COME TOGETHER FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AND SEPARATE

TRUE MULTICELLULARITYCOMPOSED OF MANY CELLS

THAT ARE PERMANENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ONE ANOTHER

SHOWS DIFFERENTIATION BY DEVELOPING SPECIALIZED FORMS AND FUNCTIONS

COMPLEX MULTICELLULARITYCELLSTISSUESORGANSORGAN SYSTEMS

KINGDOMARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTIC CELL WALL NOT MADE OF

PEPTIDOGLYCAN UNICELLULAR AUTOTROPHIC AND

HETEROTROPHIC EXAMPLE : METHANE

PRODUCING BACTERIA

TYPES OF ARCHAEBACTERIAMETHANOGENSOBTAIN ENERGY BY

COMBINING H2 AND CO2 TO PRODUCE METHANE GAS

LIVED DEEP IN MUD SWAMPSPOISONED BY O2

THERMOPHILES LIVE IN HOT PLACES

HALOPHILES LIVE IN SALTY LAKES

ANOTHER TYPE IS FOUND IN HIGH PRESSURE, HIGH ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS

EXTREMOPHILES

NONEXTREME ARCHAEBACTERIA

GROW IN THE SAME ENVIRONMENTS THAT BACTERIA DO

EUBACTERIA PROKARYOTIC CELLS

– SINGLE CELLED– NO NUCLEUS– NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES– CELL WALL: PEPTIDOGLYCAN

CAN BE CHEMOSYNTHETIC, PHOTOSYNTHETIC OR HETEROTROPHIC (DECOMPOSERS)

EXAMPLES: – BLUE GREEN ALGAE AND BACTERIA

KINGDOM PROTISTAEUKARYOTIC CELLS

– USUALLY UNICELLULAR– AUTOTROPHIC OR

HETEROTROPHICEXAMPLES

– AMEBA– PARAMECIUM

KINGDOM FUNGI COMPOSED OF THREADLIKE

FILAMENTS CALLED HYPHAE UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR CELL WALL : CHITIN HETEROTROPHIC

– ABSORBS FOOD EXAMPLES

– MUSHROOM– YEAST

KINGDOM PLANTAEMOST HAVE VASCULAR TISSUE TO

TRANSPORT WATER AND MINERALS

AUTOTROPHIC ATTACHED CELL WALL: CELLULOSE FORM THE BASE OF THE FOOD WEB

KINGDOM ANIMALIAEUKARYOTICMULTICELLULARHETEROTROPHIC

– INGESTS FOOD