vocabulary 1.bourgeoisie 2.deficit spending 3.faction 4.Émigré 5.republic 6.suffrage 7.nationalism...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vocabulary
1. Bourgeoisie
2. Deficit spending
3. Faction
4. Émigré
5. Republic
6. Suffrage
7. Nationalism
8. Secular9. Plebiscite10. Annex11. Blockade12. Guerrilla warfare13. Abdicate14. legitimacy
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The French Revolution and Napoleon
(1789-1815)
24 questions
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Part 1- Setting the Stage/ Problems
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*Three Social Classes
• The clergy, or First Estate
• The nobility, or Second Estate
• Third Estate– *Bourgeoisie=upper
middle class) – *Sans-culotte=lower
middle class– Peasants=approx. 90%
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*Problems in 1789
• Social discontent– 3rd estate paid for everything
• Severe financial crisis– Deficit spending
• Serious food shortages– Bread riots
• King Louis– Pleasure before country– Weak and indecisive
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Third Estate defied the king• Claimed they
represented the people• *Proclaimed
themselves the National Assembly– After thinking the king
had locked them out of the meeting
• *Tennis court oath
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*Bastille- July 14,1789
• Angry Parisians stormed the Bastille thinking that it had weapons
• Event that quickly became the symbol of the French Revolution.
98 were killed
73 wounded
National Assembly-Ended feudal Privileges
-Issued the *Declaration of the Rights of Man
-Set up limited monarchy
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Part 2- French Revolution
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European Nobility’s Reaction
• *June 1791 Louis and Marie try to escape but are caught
• *Denounced the reforms of the French Revolution
• *By 1792, France was at war with most of Europe.
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*The Jacobins• Radical revolutionaries take control to the
Assembly• Declare war on Europe’s tyrannical
monarchs
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4 Stages of The Revolution
*Stage One• 1792, radicals control National Assembly
– Abolished monarchy– In 1793, Louis XVI (June) and queen Marie
Antoinette (Oct) executed*Stage Two
• July 1793-1794– *Committee of Public Safety- religious toleration,
outlawed slavery– 40,000 French citizens to their deaths on the
guillotine
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The Guillotine
• 10/10/1789 On the second day of the Assembly debate about the Penal Code, Dr Guillotin submitted a proposition in six articles which included a recommendation that death, without the accompaniment of torture and by means of decapitation, should become the sole and standard form of capital punishment in France.
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*Stage ThreeThe Directory 1795-1799
• Convention members turn on the committee• New constitution
– Causes chaos
• Politicians turn to a military hero– Napoleon Bonaparte (stage four)
• *1799 France had changed– Monarchy gone– Church under state control– Nationalism grew– State schools, social security
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Part 3- Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
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The Age of Napoleon• *Rise to power
– War Hero– 1799 - 3 man Consulate– 1802 named himself 1st Consul– 1804 crowned himself Emperor of
France
• *Reforms– Price control, public school– New Industry, public works– *Napoleonic Code
• Equality before the law• Religious toleration• Merit advancement
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*Napoleon’s Grand Empire1804 to 1814
• Subdued great European powers
• Built a vast empire by annexing lands, making alliances, and war – In Spain he put his brother
Joseph on the throne
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*The Russian Campaign
• Sent his Grand Army (600,000)• Scorched earth• 10,000 returned
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The End of an Era• 1st Downfall• Spurred by rising nationalism
– European nations rebellions – Failed invasion of Russia
• Napoleon Abdicated (1813)
• Return– The French were afraid the old ways would return– Napoleon escapes and many soldiers flock to his banner– March 1815 he enters Paris to cheering crowds
• 2nd Downfall– June 18, 1815 he meets his Waterloo– Exiled to St. Helena
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*Napoleon Legacy
• Code, constitution, elections, property rights, education
• Spread revolutionary ideas, sparked nationalism, Louisiana territory
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*The Congress of Vienna
• Tried to restore stability and order in Europe.
• Redrew national boundaries• Restored hereditary monarchies• Created the Concert of Europe
– To maintain the balance of power
– To suppress any uprisings inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution
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Industrial Revolution is next