voc report 101316 - the washington free beaconbush vs. stalin hitler vs. stalin % getting it wrong...
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Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation Annual Report on U.S. Attitudes towards Socialism
October 2016
Generation Perceptions
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Basic Knowledge of Communism is Lacking
2
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42%40%
33%32%
25%18%18%
11%9%
8%5%5%
4%
Mao ZedongChe Guevara
Vladimir LeninKarl Marx
Harry S. TrumanVladimir Putin
Joseph StalinRonald ReaganBernie Sanders
John F. KennedyGeorge W. BushHillary ClintonDonald Trump
Among Millennials% I am unfamiliar
ManyMillennialsunfamiliarwithCommunistleaders
3BASE: FAMILIAR WITH FIGURE (BASE VARIES)Q12 Whatisyouroverallimpressionofeachofthefollowingpoliticalfigures?
GreyindicatesAmericanpoliticianRedindicatesother
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Amongthosefamiliar,atleastaquarterhavefavorableimpressionsofGuevara,MarxandLenin
4
Among Millennials Familiar with Each
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Additionally,theimpactofcommunismisunderestimated
5
• Despite recognizing that Joseph Stalin caused more deaths than George W. Bush, the public grossly underestimates the death toll (overall and versus Hitler).
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ13/13A Trueorfalse:Q14 Overthepast100years,howmanypeopledoyouthinkcommunismhaskilled?
8%
28%
16%11% 11%
25%
Less than 1 million
1 - 25 million
25 - 50 million
50 - 75 million
75 - 100 million
100 million or
more
Number Killed by Communism
Incorrect: 75%
More people were killed under George W. Bush’s presidency than Joseph Stalin’s leadership.
More people were killed under Adolf Hitler’s reign than Joseph Stalin’s leadership.
n True (26%) n False (74%) (Incorrect) (Correct)
n True (68%) n False (32%) (Incorrect) (Correct)
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29%
59%
32%
66%
32%
69%
21%
71%
14%
71%
Bush vs. Stalin Hitler vs. Stalin
% Getting it Wrong
Gen Z Millennials Gen X Baby Boomers Matures
ThisisespeciallytrueamongGenZandMillennials
6BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ13/13ATrueorfalse:Q14 Overthepast100years,howmanypeopledoyouthinkcommunismhaskilled?
88%
80%
78%
69%
65%
12%
20%
22%
31%
35%
Number Killed by Communism
Incorrect Correct
Gen Z
Millennials
Gen X
Baby Boomers
Matures
• Gen Z and Millennials are more likely than their older counterparts to incorrectly identify the number killed by communism.
100millionkilled
More people were killed under George W. Bush’s presidency than Joseph
Stalin’s leadership.
More people were killed under Adolf Hitler’s reign
than Joseph Stalin’s leadership.
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Younger Americans Have Sharply Different Views of Communism and Socialism than Older Americans
7
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Overall,AmericansrecognizeCommunismwasandstillisaproblem
8BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ15 Whichofthefollowingisclosesttoyourview?
Communism is only a 21st century problem (5%)
Communism was and still is a problem (70%)
Communism was only a 20th century problem (18%)
Communism has never been a problem (7%)
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But,youngergenerationsdon’trealizethelastingproblemofcommunism
9BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ15Whichofthefollowingisclosesttoyourview?
62%
26%
10%2%
55%
27%
9% 9%
70%
13% 11% 7%
80%
16%
3% 2%
91%
6%1% 2%
Communism was and still is a problem
Communism was only a 20th century problem
Communism has never been a problem
Communism is only a 21st century problem
Gen Z Millennials Gen X Baby Boomers Matures
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Millennialsaremostlikelytoviewsocialismandcommunismfavorably
10BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ5/7/9 Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of…?Q6/8/10 Do you consider calling someone a [INSERT] to be a compliment, an insult or a neutral description?
12%
30%
57%
8%
18%
37%
11% 15%
38%
Capitalism Socialism Communism
% Very Unfavorable
Total Gen Z Millennials Gen X Baby Boomers Matures
15%
30%
62%
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
% Insult
Total
Gen Z
Millennials
Gen X
Baby Boomers
Matures
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Nearlytwo-thirdsagreewithMarxistphilosophy
11BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ16 Howmuchdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?
8%
8%
13%
18%
21%
24%
23%
29%
36%
43%
51%
36%
35%
25%
13%
17%
Sanders
Friedman
Marx
Bible
Agreement with Statements
Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree
% AgreeA nation will not survive morally or economically when so few have so much, while so many have so little.
(Sanders)
71%
A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society
that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both.
(Friedman)
68%
From each according to his abilities, to each according to his
need. (Marx)64%
If any would not work, neither should he eat. (Bible) 53%
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Appealofsocialistcandidatesamongyoungergenerationscontinues
12BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ11 Howlikelywouldyoubetovoteforapresidentialcandidatewhodescribedhimorherselfasthefollowing?
32%
29%
5%
7%
27%
11%
2%
2%
Capitalist
Socialist
Fascist
Communist
Somewhat likely Very likely
% Likely
59%
40%
7%
9%
Intent to Vote for Candidate who Self-describes as…
45% 46%44%
33%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Gen Z Millennials Gen X Baby Boomers
Matures
% Likely
Socialist Fascist Capitalist Communist
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Turning Against Capitalism –the Bernie Sanders “bounce”
13
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Acrossgenerations,abouthalffeelAmerica’seconomicsystemworksagainstthem
14BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ1 WhichofthefollowingisclosesttoyourviewofAmerica’scurrenteconomicsystem?
48% 52%
America’s Economic System…Works for me Works against me
53%
47%
48%
44%
59%
47%
53%
52%
56%
41%
Gen Z
Millennials
Gen X
Baby Boomers
Matures
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LessMillennialshaveafavorableviewofcapitalism
15BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ5/7/9 Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of…?
50% 47%42% 45%
54%
71%
Capitalism
% Favorable
Total Gen Z Millennials Gen X Baby Boomers Matures
Age 65+: 64%
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4in10callforcompletechangeofeconomicsystemtocorrectincomeimbalance
16
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ3 Pleasetellmehowstronglyyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement.BASE:DISAGREE(n=1,537)Q4Whatchangewouldensurethehighestearnerspaytheirfairshare?
38%
29%
22%
12%
Total
The highest earners in the United States pay their fair share.
67%
5%
46%40%
9%
Increased charitable donations
Increased taxes Complete change of our
economic system
Other
How to ensure high earners pay fair share
Remove loopholesReduce deductions
Flat tax
Agree.Highestearnerspaytheirfair
share
Disagree.HighestearnersdoNOTpaytheir
fairshare
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71%
68%
64%
53%
Sanders
Friedman
Marx
Bible
% Agree
Total
Gen Z
Millennials
Gen X
Baby Boomers
Matures
YoungergenerationslessreceptivetoFriedman’scapitalistideals
17BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ16 Howmuchdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?
A nation will not survive morally or economically when so few have so much,
while so many have so little. (Sanders)
A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a
high degree of both. (Friedman)
From each according to his abilities, to each according to his need. (Marx)
If any would not work, neither should he eat. (Bible)
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Methodology
18
OnlineSurvey 6minutes 2,300GeneralPublicAge16+
The respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, race, education, party identification, ideology, and political interest. The frame was constructed by stratified sampling from the full 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) sample, and matched on other variables to the November 2010 Current Population Survey, and 2007 Pew Religious Life Survey. Each set of matched cases were weighted to its sampling frame using propensity scores. The matched cases and the frame were combined and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frame.