vm prigimtine teise finnis fuller 2014-3-2

8/10/2019 VM Prigimtine Teise Finnis Fuller 2014-3-2

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Vytauto Didiojo universitetas

Prigimtin teis

Dst. Vygantas Malinauskas


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Vytauto Didiojo universitetas

Teis, kaip tikslingatvarka. Fuller


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Lon Luvois Fuller

(1902 1978)


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THE CASE OF THE SPELUNCEAN EXPLORERS

Harvard Law ReviewVol. 62, No. 4, February

1949


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Rex story. Eight ways to fail to make alaw.

To command what cannot be done is not to makelaw; it is unmake law, ;

The law that changes everyday is worse than nolaw


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Atuoni keliai teisins sistemos lugim

1. The lack of rules or law, which leads to ad-hoc andinconsistent adjudication.

2. Failure to publicize or make known the rules of law.

3. Unclear or obscure legislation that is impossible tounderstand.

4. Retroactive legislation.


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Eight Routes of Failure for any Legal System

5. Contradictions in the law.

6. Demands that are beyond the power of thesubjects and the ruled.

7. Unstable legislation (ex. daily revisions of laws).

8. Divergence between adjudication/administrationand legislation.


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Vidin teiss moral

Law the enterprise of subjecting human conductto the governance of rules

Procedural and substantive natural law The term procedural indicating that we are

concerned not with the substantive aims of legalrules, but with the ways in which a system of rulesfor governing human conduct must be constructedand administered


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Vidins teiss morals reikalavimai

Bendrumas Paskelbimas Neveikimas atgaline data Aikumas Neprietaringumas

Galimyb laikytis Pastovumas Taisykli ir valdios veiksm suderinamumas


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Teis kaip umojis turintis tiksl

statym leidjo galia leisti statymus galimesuprasti, tik kaip kak, kas turi tiksl (not simply adatum of nature).

Men do not generally do absurd things that woulddefeat the whole undertaking in which they areengaged, even though the formal directions underwhich they operate permit these absurdities (ex.Constitution of US)


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Teis kaip umojis turintis tiksl

Teiss tikslingumo atsisakymo kaina: Prarandame statym teistumo ir teisingumo

standart; Nelieka atspirties tako kur remdamiesi galime

lyginti skirting ali teisines sistemas; Tampa sunku paaikinti, kodl tokie dalykai, kaip

statym leidyba atgaline data yra nepriimtini; Atmetant tikslingum (prieastingum) apskritai

nemanoma prasminga kalba apie tikrov.


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John Finnis g. 1940


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Prigimtins teiss centrin tez

Teis btinai yra protingas elgesio standartas


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Akvinietis: protas mogaus veiksmstandartas

statymas yra elgesio taisykl ir matas, kuriopasekmje esame kreipiami atlikti vienus veiksmus, onuo kit susilaikyti Bet mogaus elgesio taisyklir matas yra protas, kuris yra pirmasis mogikoveiksmo principas ... Akvinetis Summa theologica


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Finnis: Teiss teorija nra vertybikai neutrali

A theorist cannot give a theoretical description andanalysis of social facts, unless he also participates inthe work of evaluation, of understanding what isreally good for human persons, and what is reallyrequired by practical reasonableness.


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Pamatini griai

Instrumentiniai griai Pamatiniai griai


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Pamatiniai griai

the basic forms of good are opportunities of being;the more fully a man participates in them the morehe is what he can be.


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Pamatiniai g riai (mogiko grio aspektai)

gyvyb (gyvenimas) painimas aidimas estetin patirtis bendravimas ( draugyst )

praktinis protingumas religija


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Pamatini gri savybs

Vienodai reikmingi

Nesuredukuojami Griai savyje

Nerodomi (for ex. "the good of knowledge cannotbe demonstrated, but equally it needs no

demonstration).


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Praktinio protingumo reikalavimai

1. Turti nuosekl gyvenimo plan ;2. Gri lygiavertikumas (Vengti atskir grisureikminimo ar nuvertinimo) ;3. Pirmenybs tarp asmen neteiktinumas (Elkissu kitais taip, kaip nortum, kad bt su tavimielgiamasi);4. Vengti fanatizmo.


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Praktinio protingumo reikalavimai

5. Rimtai vertinti savo sipareigojimus . 6. Tiksl siekti veiksmingomis priemonmis .7. Pagarba kiekvienam pamatiniam griuikiekviename veiksme .8. Siekti bendrojo grio.

9. Sins balso klausymas.


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Praktinio protingumo prasm

Galutinis gris nra laim prastine jausmo prasme,bet pamatini gri sintez: proting trokimpatenkinimas ir dalyvavimas visuose pamatiniuosegriuose (kokie jie bebt) ir ia prasme savsipildymas, kuris yra galutinis ir vientisas (apimantisvisus elementus ir dalyvius).


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Nuo praktinio proto princip prie teiss

Dalis pamatini gri yra socialiniai griai. Tam, kad jie bt pasiekiami ir mes galtume turti nuoseklgyvenimo plan reikalinga visuomenje gyvenanimoni koordinacija (be ios koordinacijos griai yrasunkiai pasiekiami arba i viso nepasiekiami).


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JACOBSON v. COM. OF MASSACHUSETTS, 197 U.S. 11(1905)

Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment to theUnited States Constitution provides:

[N]or shall any State deprive any person of life,liberty, or property, without due process of law .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution


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JACOBSON v. COM. OF MASSACHUSETTS, 197 U.S. 11

(1905)

There are manifold restraints to which every person isnecessarily subject for the common good. On anyother basis organized society could not exist withsafety to its members. Society based on the rule thateach one is a law unto himself would soon beconfronted with disorder and anarchy. Real liberty for

all could not exist under the operation of a principlewhich recognizes the right of each individual person touse his own, whether in respect of his person or hisproperty, regardless of the injury that may be done toothers.


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Prigimtin teis ir teiss aikinimas

LR BK 31 straipsnis . Btinasis reikalingumas 1. Asmuo neatsako pagal baudiamuosius statymusu veik, kuri jis padar siekdamas paalinti jampaiam, kitiems asmenims ar j teisms, visuomensar valstybs interesams gresiant pavoj, jeigu ispavojus negaljo bti paalintas kitomis priemonmisir padaryta ala yra maesn u t, kurios siektaivengti.


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Nuo praktinio proto princip prie teiss

Prigimtins teiss reikalavimai veikia, kaipdirektyvos, kuriomis turi vadovautis statymleidjas

ios direktyvos nra susitarimo ar kaprizo dalykas.Jos yra tai, su kuo sutinka mstantis asmuo

Jos pateisina (galina): Pozityvij teis; Bdus, kuriais veikia teisins institucijos; Pagrindines teisines institucijas (valdia, sutartys,

santuoka, nuosavyb, baudiamoji atsakomyb);


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vm prigimtine teise finnis fuller 2014-3-2

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