VITAMINS

Dr Vijay Marakala M.B.B.S.,M.D

Assistant ProfessorBiochemistry

SIMS&RC

Vitamins are micronutrients

VITAMINS

VITAL+AMINE

Nutrients

VITAMINE

µg-mg/day

VITAMINS

Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions and which generally

cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by the diet

Definition

VITAMINS

Water soluble

Fat soluble

• B complex• C or Ascorbic acid

• A or Retinol• D or Cholecalciferol• E or Tocopherol• K

Classification

• B1 - Thiamine• B2 - Riboflavin• B3 - Niacin• B5 - Pantothenic acid• B6 - Pyridoxine• Biotin• Folic acid• B12- Cobalamine

Vitamin B complex

Vitamine C or Ascorbic acid

• Water soluble vitaminsVITAMINS

Energy-releasing

Hematopoietic

Other

B1 B2

B3

BiotinPantothenic acid

Folic acidVitamin B12

Pyridoxine

•Vitamins B-complexVITAMINS

Water soluble vitamins Fat soluble vitamins

Solubility Water soluble Fat soluble

Absorption Simple Along with lipids

Storage *No storage Stored in liver

Excretion Excreted Not excreted

Excess intake Nontoxic Toxic

Deficiency Manifests rapidly Manifests slowly

Treatment Regular dietary supply Single large dose

Difference b/w water soluble & fat soluble vitaminsVITAMINS

Essential for growth, maintenance and reproduction

Fat soluble vitamins are required for normal and colour vision, blood clotting, bone formation and maintenance of membrane structure.

Most of the water soluble vitamins function as coenzymes

Vitamins A and D act as steroid hormones.

Lack of vitamin in the diet produce characteristic deficiency symptoms

Some drugs and compounds present in natural sources act as antivitamins.

Some vitamin analogs are used as drugs

VITAMINS

• MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

Chemistry

Sources

RDA Absorption & transport

Active form

Functions Deficiency manifestations

Antimetabolites

Hypervitaminosis

VITAMINS

VITAMINS

SOURCES

DIET

INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS

VITAMINS

RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE

Dietary intake that is considered optimal under ordinary conditions

AgeSex

Body weightDiet

Physiological status

Causes Inadequate dietary intake

Inadequate intestinal absorption

Inadequate utilization

Increased requirements

Drug induced deficiency

VITAMINS

DIETARY VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES

Vitamins are MicronutrientsBiotin and Vitamin K are synthesized by intestinal microorganismsVitamin D is produced in the skin

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