„¬ô@ 61

J^•¥¼†Ç°OÐ 4

¢„¬H›$u =~¡â<Œ t•æ=ò

''ㄬH›$u „¬OKǃ•’¶`Œ`ŒàH›”"³°Ø#k.ª•‚²ì Ǽ=ò#䛽 ㄬH›$uH÷Q®• ‹¬O|O^•Î=ò

=°‚²ì<Œƒ•ì="³°Ø#k XH›ø ª•‚²ì Ǽ=°#<Í•? ㄬH›$u KË@°KÍ‹²Hù#x KË@°…è ΰ.

J‹¬•° ㄬ„¬OKÇ=ò ㄬH›$u=°†Ç°=ò.ÑÑ1

ㄬH›$ux =iâOKÍ"Í × q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi H›…ìxH÷ J•°„¬#ßk …è<Í…è ΰ. ¥^¥„¬ô

900 „¬ô@•°#ß '"Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•°Ñ…Õ ã„¬H›$u =~¡â##° J##¼ª•=¶#¼OQê KÍ‹²

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° ‹¬ã=¶\˜ J<Ík P†Ç°#䛽 Çy# a~¡° Î=°x x~¡¶„²OKǰ䛽<Œß~¡°

"Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•…Õx ㄬH›$u =~¡â#•#° =òY¼OQê 1. ‹¬¶~˼ Άǰ =~¡â# 2. ª•†Ç°OHê•

=~¡â# 3. ~ŒãuÐ"³<³ß• =~¡â# 4. |°° Ç°=~¡â# 5. =‹¬O Ç|°° Ç°=~¡â# 6. ãw+¬à|°° Ç°

=~¡â# 7. =~¡Â|°° Ç° =~¡â# 8. ‰×~¡ Î$ Ç° =~¡â# 9. À‚ì=°O Ç|°° Ç° =~¡â# 10.

tt~¡|°° Ç° =~¡â# 11. =~¡ Î=~¡â# 12. Jyßㄬ=¶ Î =~¡â# 13. ¥iã μ =~¡â# D

J^•¥¼=°O…Õ D D =~¡â#•#° Q®°iOz J^•Î¼†Ç°#O K͆ǰ_ÈO [~¡°Q®° Ç°Ok.

‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ =~¡â#‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ =~¡â#‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ =~¡â#‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ =~¡â#‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ =~¡â#

[g°O^¥~¡° H›$+¬â=°<Œ†Ç°xH÷ Ç=° PiÖH›‹²Öux q=i‹¬¶ë ^•Î~¡à~Œ=ô XH›

L Çë~¡O ã"Œª•ë_È°. P L Çë~¡O Hꪕ"ŒxH÷ Wzó „¬O„²# Ç~¡°"Œ Ç ^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô

1. ㇕p<ŒOã^•Î H›q ÇÞ=òÐㄬH›$u „¬ij•#=ò Є¬ô@ 1

„¬ô@ 62

2. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV xmsoÈÁ 28, 29

=°#‹¬°•…Õ ³áÞnƒ•ì=O L Çæ#ß=°=ô Ç°Ok. P „¬i‹²Ö Ç°•…Õ ³•Á"Œ~¡° Ç°Ok.

‹¬¶~˼ Άǰ=°=ô Ç°Ok. q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ D ‹¬O Î~¡Ä•=ò…Õ KÍ‹²# ‹¬¶~˼ Άǰ=~¡â#

^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô ‡•ã Ç…Õx ³áÞn•ƒ•ì"Œxß q=i‹¬°ëOk.

''D P…ÕKÇ<Œ „¬~¡O„¬~¡…Õ QË ×ä 䛕̋#°. "³° Ε° xH÷øOz Í‚¬ì=ò•°

nsÉH›iOz H›#°•`Ë ^•¥~¡Â“¼=ò QËKÇiO„¬Qê Q®~ËÞH÷ë"Ëx 䛕 Ç•° 䛽H›ø@=ò•°

䛕̋#°. ZO ΰ䛽…è ~òO Ç Q®~¡Þ=°x Ç=°…Õ ^¥"³° †Ç°q†Çò ##°Hù#ß@°“

ï~H›ø•° `Ç„¬`Ç„¬ Hù@°“Hù<³#°. Q®~¡Þ=ò•‚¬ìOHê~¡=ò•°, ‹¬Y=ò•°Ð^ΰ—Y=ò•°

‹¬O„¬ Ε°Ð…è=ò•° ‹¬~¡Þ=ò#䛽 †ÇòQ®=ò•°Qê ª•H÷ƃ•’¶ Ç°~Œ•° ‹¬<Œ Ç#=ò+¬‹¬°•

ㄬ[ÞeOK³#°.ÑÑ2

‹¬¶~˼ Άǰ=ò HêQê<Í HË ×ä 䛕ª•~ò. P 䛕 Ç•° Q®~ËÞH÷ë Ë xO_•

†Çò<Œß~ò. JO Ç…Õ<Í Jq Ç=°ï~H›ø•° Hù@°“Hù<Œß~ò. q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° Q®~ËÞH÷ëQ®•

䛽䛽ø@=ò• Í‚¬ðxß Q®~¡Þ"³°O ΰH›…è J#°ä›½#ß ï~H›ø• Ç„¬ Ç„¬•#° XöHKË@KÍió

^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô…Õ [~¡°Q®° Ç°#ß =¶x„²H› ÎÞO^¥Þxß ‹¬¶zOKŒ~¡°. JO ÍHê䛽O_¨ D

Q®~¡Þ‚¬ìOHê~Œ•° ‹¬°Y ΰ—Mì•#° H›eq° …è=ò•#° ‹¬¶zª•ë†Ç°x ‹¬¶zOKŒ~¡°.

z=~¡Qê ‹¬<Œ Ç# L+¬‹¬°•#° K³‡•æ~¡°. L+¬‹¬°• ㇕p#"³°Ø ㄬ‹¬°ë Ç ‹¬O Î~¡Ä•=ò…Õ

"³ò Î\÷ #°O_• L#ß ã„¬H›$u x•ƒÿ@°“HË"Œ•x #=¼ ㄬH›$uH÷ …Õ<³áLO_È@O

„¬ô@ 63

3. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 34

JO Ç‹¬°•ƒ•’O Hê Îx ƒÕk•‹¬°ë#ßk.

`Ç# =~¡â#•…Õx z#ßz#ß „¬^¥•"³°eH›•`Ë =~¡â#䛕 H›^Š¥O‰§xH÷

=ò_•Ì„@“_È=°<Í •H›Æ}ìxß q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi ‰Üáe…Õ ƒ•ìQ®OQê D =~¡â#•=•Á =°#O

ãQ®‚²ìOKÇ=KÇ°ó.

^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô J„¬ôæ•° f~¡ó_¨xH÷ [g°O^¥~¡° |°°}^¥ Ç•#O Îih „²ez

"Œi"Œi |°°}ì•#° fió"͉§_È°. WO\÷x Ç#䛽 q°Q®eó#O ΰ䛽 ^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô

^•Î#¼"Œ^¥•° K³„¬ôæ䛽O^¥=°x QË„¬#ß WO\÷H÷ "³o¤=KŒó_È°. P‹¬=°†Ç°O…Õ

‹¬¶~˼ Άǰ =~¡â# W…ì L#ßk.

''k#•H÷Æà "³òQ®=ò# =°O ΂¬ð‹¬ =°O䛽iOz#@°Á …è dž³°O_È• *Õ¼uö~ÁMì

"Œa•~Œ=°=òQ® #eH÷# ~òO@ ã=òQ®°¾•° Ì„\÷“#@°Á H›•OHêi †Ç° ÎíH›=ò p~¡ïHH÷øOz#

H›~¡Hêø†Ç° ~¡OQ®° qiz#@°Á ‚¬ì$ Άǰ=ò# ^Ëz# †Ç¶#O Î=ò qzã Ç=òQê

=òYö~Y…ì=iOz#@°Á, ‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@ g^•Î°•O ΰ ~Ë^˃•ìQ®=ò# q‹¬ëi…ÿÁ#°.ÑÑ3

H›‘•“•#°Oz ^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô |†Ç°@„¬_ Û_È°. J Çx =òYO…Õ P#O ÎO

^˼`ÇH›=°=ô`Ç°Ok. P P#O^¥xß ‹¬¶zOKÍ"Í *Õ¼u~¡…èY•° =òQ®°¾•=_ÈO,

‚¬ì$ ΆǰQ® Ç P#O ÎO =òY=ò…Õ QËKÇiOKÇ_ÈO.

„¬ô@ 64

4. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 42

2. ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â#2. ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â#2. ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â#2. ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â#2. ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â#

*Õ‹¬°¼•° J<Í „¬O Ç°•° ~Œ"Í°‰×Þ~¡O =¶†Ç°…Õ „¬_ Û_È°. ~Œ"Í°‰×Þ~¡O

*Õ‹¬°¼•ƒ•ì~¡¼†³Ø°# =°OQ®=°à Ì„á HêOH›Æ Ì„OKǰ䛽<Œß_È°. =°OQ®=°à ~Œ"Í°‰×Þ~¡O

q‹²i#=•…Õ z䛽ø䛽#ßk. P‹¬O Î~¡Ä•=ò…Õ =zó# ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â# D q^•ÎOQê

L#ßk.

'' P<Œ_È° ã‡Ú ΰíã䛽OïH#°. †ÇòQ®†ÇòQ®=°à•#°O_• ã䛽OH÷# †Ç¶ ã‡Ú Î°í Œ<Íq°

ã䛽OH›#@°“ ? ㇕`Ç— Hê•=ò…Õ ª•†Ç°O"͈׆Çò#ßk. L^Άǰ=ò…Õ

ª•†Ç°=ò=ò#ßk. J‹¬ë‹¬=°†Ç°=ò…Õ #° Άǰ=ò#ßk. L ΆǶ‹¬ë=°†Ç°=ò•°

ï~O_È°=ô ÎÞO ÎÞ=ò. ‹¬°Y ΰ—Y=ò• =O\÷"Í. „¬ô}Þ=ò‡•„¬=ò ÎÞO ÎÞ=ò. P

†Ç°‹¬ë=°†Ç°=ò#° ¥`ŒøeH›"Í° x Ǽ"³°Ø#kHê ΰ. Jk ‰ÕKÇh†Ç°=ò.ÑÑ4

D =~¡â#…Õ "³ò Î\÷ "ŒH›¼O ã‡Ú ΰíãQ®°OïH#° Jx K³|° Ç°#ßk. q°ye#

ƒ•ìQ®O J‹¬O Î~¡Ä•OQê ËKÍ "ŒH꼕`Ë xO_•†Çò#ßk. q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ=O\÷ KÍ~òuiy#

~¡KÇ~ò Ç W…ìO\÷ J‹¬O Î~ŒÄ••#° ã"Œ†Ç°Q®•_¨? Wk J‹¬•° J‹¬O Î~¡Ä•=¶? Jx

ㄬtßOKǰ䛽O>è D =~¡â# =¶^•Î¼=°OQê q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° [iy# „¦¬°@##° ŒuëÞH›

Î$H›æ ŠÎO`Ë K³|° Ç°<Œß~¡x ³•°‹¬°ëOk.

„¬ô@ 65

L^ΆǰO…Õ J‹¬ ë=°†Ç°=ò#ßk. J‹¬ ë=°†Ç°O…Õ L^Άǰ=ò#ßk

L^ΆǶ‹¬ë=¶<Œ•#° ‹¬°Y^ΰ—Mì•, ‡•„¬=ô}켕`Ë ‹¬=°"³°Ø# ^ÎÞO^ÎÞOQê

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° =iâOKŒ~¡°. U q^•ÎOQê<³á Í ‡•‡•„¬ô}켕° XH› ¥xx =°~ùH›\÷

J#°Q®q°ª•ë†³¶ J Í q^•ÎOQê L ΆǶ‹¬ë=°†Ç¶•° 䛕_È XH› ¥x"³O@ XH›\÷

#_È°ª•ë~ò. D ï~O\÷…Õ Un ‰§‰×Þ ÇO Hê ΰ. L Άǰ"³°Ø<Œ J‹¬ë=°†Ç°"³°Ø<Œ

`Œ`ŒøeH›"Í°. `Œ`ŒøeH›O H›#°H› "Œ\÷ ~ŒH›_È Q®°iOz ‡éH›_ÈQ®°iOz ã‰× ÎœQ®

„¬\÷“OKÇ°HË#=‹¬~¡O …è ΰ. D ‡•\÷ *ìý#=ò =¶#=ô•ä›½ LO>è KŒ•°. ‹¬Y ΰ—

Mì•KÇ~¡ó WH› LO_È Î°. ŒuëÞH› Ç#° xO„² ã‡Ú ΰí Q®°O䛽@#° =iâOz# q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi

=~¡â# z=~¡…Õ 'Jk ‰ÕKÇh†Ç°=òÑ Jx À„~ùø<Œß~¡°. JO>è ‰§‰×Þ Ç"³°Ø# Œ`ŒøeH›"³°Ø#

JO‰§•#° ㄬu XH›ø~¡° Q®=°xOKŒ•x q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi ƒÕ^•Î.

~ŒãuÐ"³#ß• =~¡â#~ŒãuÐ"³#ß• =~¡â#~ŒãuÐ"³#ß• =~¡â#~ŒãuÐ"³#ß• =~¡â#~ŒãuÐ"³#ß• =~¡â#

ª•†Ç°OHê• =~¡â<Œ#O`Ç~¡O K³„¬æ^Îy# ㄬH›$u =~¡â# ~Œãu =~¡â#.

xt"Í ×•=~¡â#. P ~Œãu…Õ qq^•Î |°° Ç°=ô•…Õx "³<³ß• =~¡â#•…Õ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi

H›•O L~¡H›•° "Í‹²Ok.

' '‰ × ÃHê Á+ ¬ “q° " ³< ³ ß• t=[\ì@g#@#àO^¥H ÷h

#=À‹à~¡gp~Œ=°}÷†Ç°H›=ò=…ÿ #OaHê ㄬ‹¬<Œß‡•OQ® ö~Mìㄬ‹¬~¡=ò"Ë…ÿ

q„¦¬°ß<Œ†Ç°ä›½x †Í°H› ¥ Ç ‹² Ç‹² ÇKÇó•\ì ‹¬ÞKÇó• ÇOƒÕ…ÿ ‰Üá==°‚¬ð Çà ¼=°†Ç°"³°Ø

„¬ô@ 66

6. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 71.

qiÌ‹#°.ÑÑ5 D ‹¬O Î~¡Ä•=ò…Õ "³<³ß• =~¡â#O…Õ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° t=ôx P†Ç°#

[\쇕‰×O…Õx =°O^¥H÷xx t=„¬u߆³Ø°# JOaHê=¶ Ç "Œi 䛽=¶~¡°_³á#

UH›^ÎO`Ç°x =~¡°‹¬ƒÿ\÷“ L„¬=°•ä›½ =ü…ì•°Qê ZOKÇ°Hù<Œß~¡°. "³<³ß•„²O_¨~¡

ƒÕ‹²#@°Á#ßk. J<Í ª•^•¥~¡}=~¡â#•ä›½ J•"Œ@° „¬_•# q ÎÞ`Œæ~”¡ä›½_È° D

‡•=<Ë„¬=¶†Çò Ç"³°Ø# "³<³ß• =~¡â#䛽 P#OkOKÇH› =°ö~q°K͆ǰQ®•_È°? WO Ç

"³<³ß••° HêÀ‹ ~Œã Ç°…è Hê ΰ z=°à pH›\÷ H›=òà䛽<Í ~Œã Ç°•° 䛕_¨ LO\ì~ò.

"³<³ß•xO Ç ‡•=#OQê =iâOz# q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ D z=°à pH›@Á#° =iâOz# f~¡° D

q^•ÎOQê L#ßk.

''"³#° "³O@<Í pH›@°Á `Ç~¡°=òHùx =K³ó#°. PHê‰×=°#° #•Áx

=°‚¬ð‹¬=òã Î=ò Ç~¡OQ®=ò•° Ç~¡OQ®=ò•°Qê …èz ƒ•’¶q°†Ç°#° f~¡=ò#䛽

Qù@°“Hùx#@°Á ~ŒãuOKÇ~¡°…ÿá# ƒ•’¶ ÇãÀ„`Œk <Œ<Œ „²‰§KÇqH›@フ’¶„¬i=~¡ë#KÇó•\ì

‹¬O`Œ#=ò k‰×…ì=iOz#@°Á u~Ë‚²ì Ç‹¬¶~¡¼ Í[‹¬ø"³°Ø Hê•=ò ‹¬‚¬ì*ìH›$u

‡ÚOk#@°Á k䛽ø•#° <³•°Q®°|O@°Á ‹¬Þ‰×s~¡•O|=¶# |‚¬•n~¡ÉöH‰×=ò`Ë

‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°KÇ°#ß@°Á J*ìý#=ò g•°zH÷ø *ìý#=ò<³_Èã`Ë‹² =°#‹¬°•…Õ Ç°• ïH•Á

ãƒìH÷#@°•, Hê•‹¬~¡æ=ò …çH›^¥x<ùH›\÷ †³ò•°‹²Hù#°KÇ° …ÿH›ø…è#xß

‹¬OKÇiOKÇ°#ß@°Á pH›@°•° q[$Oa•OK³#°.ÑÑ6

5. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 36.

„¬ô@ 67

7. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 656.

|‚¬•n~¡É"³°Ø |‚¬• L„¬=°•° H›ey# D pH›@Á =~¡â# =°ö~ ~¡KÇ~ò ÇKÍ Ç#°

WO Ç…ì =iâO„¬|_•#@°Á ËKÇ Î°. pH›\÷x #•Á‹¬=òã ΄¬ô Ç~¡OQ®=ò•`Ë ‡é•ó_ÈO

=°s =òY¼OQê *ìý#=°<Í "³•°Q®°eß ‡•~¡ã^Ë•° Ƕ J*ìý#O pH›\÷ =zó„¬_•#@°Á

KÍ‹²# =~¡â# Jx Ç~¡ª•^•Î¼=°x x~¡íÞO ÎÞOQê K³„¬æ=KÇ°ó#°. J*ìý<Œxß pH›\÷ Ë

L„¬q°‹¬¶ë ㇕p# PKŒ~¡°¼•° ZO Î~Ë K³‡•æ~¡°. pH›@Á =~¡â#…Õ P ㇕p<ŒKŒ~¡°¼•

LH÷ëx ˼ ÇH›OKÍÀ‹ q^•Î"³°Ø# ~¡KÇ# q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ =O\÷ H›q‹¬ã=¶@°“öH K³•°Á#°. J Í

q^•ÎOQê Hê•‹¬~Œæ•° XH› ¥x<ùH›\÷ X~¡°‹¬°ä›½#ß@°Á pH›@°Á PãH›q°OKŒ~ò J<Í

KË@ =¶~¡° Ç°#ß Hê•O…Õ tkŠ•=°=ô Ç°#ß ‹¬Oㄬ ¥†Ç¶xH÷ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° ㄬfH›Qê

ZOKǰ䛽#ß „¬_ÈQ®•° Q®°~¡°ë䛽~ŒH›=¶#=ô.

''JO^•ÎHê~¡=ò ~¡OQê[=°àQêizó# p~¡=…ÿ <ŒHê‰×=ò# "Œ¼„²OK³#°.ÑÑ7

J#ß =~¡â#…Õ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° H› ŠÎ…Õ ã„¬=òY‡•ã dž³Ø°# J~¡°O^•ÎuH÷ „²#ß ÇëQêï~á#

~¡OQê[=°à Wzó# #•Áx „¬@°“p~¡#° ‡•~”¡ä›½•ä›½ *ìý„¬H›O K͉§~¡°. D p~¡Hù~¡ä›½

J~¡°O^•Îu z=i=~¡ä›½ Ç„²OzOk. P p~¡#° Ç# „¬ô\÷“xO\÷#°Oz ³=°àx J~¡°O^•Îu

^•Î~Œà~Œ=ô#° ‰× LJéiOk. ~ŒãuH÷ J<ÍH› L„¬=°•° LO_ÈQ® q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° P ~Œãux

~¡OQê[=°àQê~¡° Wzó# p~¡ Ë ‡éeó D =~¡â#…Õ ‹¬‚¬ì[ Ç䛽 ª•Ö#O H›eæOKŒ~¡°.

=~¡â#•#° |‚¬ìÞk•H›OQê KÍÀ‹ ~¡KÇ~ò Ç•° Hù•Á•°Qê ³•°Q®° ª•‚²ì ǼO…Õ H›x„²ª•ë~¡°.

„¬ô@ 68

J~ò Í H› Š¥Q®=°#O =°^•Î¼…Õ "Œi =~¡â#•° „¬O\÷ãH÷Ok~Œ פ…ì Hùxߪ•~¡°Á

ÇQ®°•=KÇ°ó#°. Hêh H› Š¥Q®=°#"ÍQ®O ÇQ®¾ä›½O_¨ ‡•ã Ç…Õ =°<Ëc•+¬“"³°Ø# =‹¬°ë=ô•`Ë

L„¬q°‹¬¶ë =~¡â#K͆ǰ_ÈO q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œi L„¬[ý Jx D =~¡â# =°~ùH›ª•i

x~¡¶„²OzOk.

''J+¬“q°<Œ_È° ã‡Ú^ΰí䛽OH÷#O`Ç<Í "³<³ß••° ‹²`Ç=°`Ç•¼„¬ôKÇó•~ËKÇ°•°

"³eãQ®ïHø#°. J„¬‚¬ìiO„¬|_•# "Í Î=ò• HêO Ç°•° =°~¡• ã|‚¬ìà Î Çë=ò…ÿá#"Í ×

qH›‹²Oz#@°Á `Ç# ^•Î~¡à=ò•° <Œ•°¾=ü•• "³^Î[eÁ#@°Á `Ç^ξ`Ç‹¬~¡‹¬Þf

‹² lj×s~¡…ì=}¼KÇó•q„¬î~¡=ò kQ®O Ç=ò• ΰHù#ß@°Á ‹¬~¡‹¬Þf t~¡— ㄬ ͉ׅìOK•ÇhH›$ Ç

KÇOã^Î=°—YO_Èqx~¡¾`ÇHêOu„¬î~¡=ò "³eÁqi‹²@°Á "³<³ß••° =~ŒÂªÏ^¥=°<Í

„²‰×OQ®KÇó•q ‹¬°O Î~¡=ò•~ò Hùx߆³°_È•, ‰×~¡ Œø• „¬ô+¬æã=fHê‰× ‹² Œ‹² ÇKÇó•\ì

„¦¬°\ì#\ì*ì•O|°•° qi‹² †³òHùøH›øKË@ ‚²ì=¶haO ΰ‹¬ Î$‰×=òHêë‚Ôì~¡HêOu

„¬ô~Œa•~Œ=°O|°…ÿá †³òH›KË@ tt~¡"Í × „¬i‰×Ã+²ø Ç =°‚¬ð‰Üá…ìO Ç~‹¬Ö x~¡Éi}©

‹¬ÞKÇó•[•aO ΰ ‹¬O`Œ#~Ëz— ㄬ‹¬#ß=ò…ÿá †³òH›KË@ =‹¬O Ç ‹¬=°†Ç°ª•†Ç°OqH›‹² Ç

=°eÁHê ㄬ‹¬¶#=°$^ΰ „¬ã`ljՃ•ì‹¬°O^Î~¡=ò…ÿá †³òH›KË@ ãw+¬à"͈ì

ㄬqH›‹¬ Çø Îmㄬ •¥# „¬ã`ŒOKÇ• ‹¬=~¡â=òà…ÿá †³òH›ø KË@ P |°° Ç°=ô• ‰Õƒ•’Q®•‹²

‹¬~¡Þ~¡°ë=ü~¡°ë•° ª•~¡ÞHêeH›=ò•#ß@°•° KÇH›KÇó•H÷ Ç Î°¼uKÇó•\ì =°O^•Î~¡=ò•†³°¼#°.

=°`Ç•¼„¬ôKÇó•KÇó•q‹¬°O^Î~¡=ò•° Pk䛕~¡à „¬$+¬ƒ•ìQ® „¬ie‡•ë=°$`Ç

„¬ô@ 69

8. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 673, 674.

aO^ΰ‹¬O^Ë‚¬ìHêOu=°O`ÇO|°•° Pk=~¡‚¬ì^ÎO‘•“‹²`ÇKÇó•x „¬i=°¼=ò•°

#$‹²O‚¬ìqH›\ì@“‚¬ð‹¬ƒ•ì‹¬=¶#=ò•°Ð"Œ=°#=üië†Ç°*Õý„¬g Ç„¬i‹¬ÞKÇó•ã„¬ƒ•ì

„¬i‡é+¬H ›=ò•° ƒ•ì~¡ ¾"Œ*ì ý` ÇHê~ ¡ ëg~Œ¼~ ¡° û#H ›O~” ¡~ ¡H › ë„ ¬~ ¡‰ ×Ã^•¥~Œ

‹²`ÇKÇó\ì#`ŒOH›=òà•°Ð ãj~Œ=°KÇOã^Άǰ‰Õ q~Œ[=¶#=òà•° ö~=f

㇕}<Œ^ŠÎ„Ô`Ç‚¬ð…ì #¶`Çß_•O_™~¡ ㄬ`Çߪσ•ìQ®¼"Í°^ΰ~¡=òà•°‹¬~¡Þ~ŒH›Æ‹¬

q"³¶‚¬ìÀ‚ì Ç°Q®iÄ• Ç „¬i‚¬ð‹¬ã„¬ Œ~¡} q ÎQ®œ "ŒH›æi‹² ÇKÇó•@•°Ð KÇ Ç°‘•æ Î

q[$Oa• Ç H›•°„¬ô~¡°+¬H›O~”¡x~¡í ×# cƒ•’ Ç•~¡ª•= Œ~¡ H›…ìø ¼~Ë‚²ì ljõÞ`Œ‰×Þ ‡• Îq<Œ¼‹¬

„¬i}q°`Œ‹¬øOk`Ç ^•ñi`ÇH›ö~z`Ç =e¾`Ç „¬ôÁ`Ç ã„¬u=¶#=ò•° |$O^¥gnŠ

"³eÁqi‹²#@°•°, "³<³ß••° ãj"Í}°Qˇ••ª•Þq°"Œi †Ç¶•†Ç¶O Ç~ŒÄ•Q®=ò#

Q®°O Í ×ä ㇕H÷#@°•° ³e<ŒQ®° ƒì=ò•° =°•H›…ÿá #_•z#@°Á•° ‘é_ȉ׋¬‚¬ì㋬QË„²Hê

‹² Œ‡•OQ® KÇó•@•° z@„¬@ Q® Îe#@°•° "ÍQ®°KÇ°H›ø Ë …èz H›=Þ=ò# leH÷#‡••°

"³#ß Ì„~¡°Q®°•° H›=Þ=ò#䛽 ^¥H›ä›½O_È ^ùOyeOz# 䛽=¶~¡H›$+¬µâx

‚¬ì‹¬ ë‹ ¬æ $+¬ “=òY=ò#O^Îe `³•Áx HêO`Ç°•° #=ôÞ•`Ë Q®•‹²‡é~ò

KÇH›KÇó•H÷ Ç=ò…ÿá#@°• qiÌ‹#°.ÑÑ8

D q‹¬°ë $ Ç"³°Ø# "³<³ß•=~¡â#O…Õ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi H›•O "Í Î‹¬~¡‹¬Þf ‰Õƒ•’ Ë

㇕~¡Oƒ•’"³°Ø, Ή§=`Œ~Ë„¬=°"³°Ø, ƒì•H›$+¬µâx ‡éeH›•`Ë =òyOzOk "Í ÎㄬHê‰×,

„¬ô@ 70

*ìý#ㄬHê‰×, Ή§=`Œ~¡ =°‚¬ìÙ Çø $+¬“ Hê~˼„¬=°"³°Ø "³<³ß•=~¡â# WH›ø_Ȫ•yOk. D

"³<³ß• JxßKË@Á XöH…ì ƒ•ì‹²OKÇ…è ΰ. XH›KË@ ‰×~¡ Œø•„¬ô+¬æㄬfHê‰×"³°Ø#

³•ÁxHêO Ç°•° xO„¬Qê, =°~ùH›KË@ =°OKÇ°aO ΰ=ô•#° P䛽• JOKÇ°•° xO„¬ô Ƕ

=ò`Œ¼•HêOux xO„²Ok "³<³ß•. W Í "³<³ß• =°~ùH›KË@ =‹¬O ÇHêe# #==°eÁH›•

ªÚQ®‹¬°#° xO„¬Qê, "Í~ùH›KË@ ‹¬~¡Þ~¡°ë=ü~¡°ë•° XH›KË@ 䛕_•# ªÚ|Q®°#°

xO„²Ok. Wxß L„¬=°•`Ë WO Ç~¡‹¬=°¼OQê ª•y# q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi "³<³ß•. =~¡â#

'~¡=°}©†Ç¶~¡Öㄬu‡• ÎH› ‰×|íO Hê=¼OÑ J<Í ã„¬‹² Îœx~¡ÞKÇ<Œxß ''~¡=°}©†Ç¶~¡Öㄬu‡• ÎH›

‰×|í"Í° H›=°h†Ç° Hê=ÞOÑÑ Jx =¶ö~ó…ì LOk. Wk q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"ŒiöH K³eÁ# ‰Üáe.

WO Ç ‡•=<Ë„¬=°†Ç°"³°Ø# "³<³ß• =~¡â#O =°~ùH› ~¡KÇ~ò Ç =KÇ#ãQ®O ŠÎO…Õ

•a•OKÇ_ÈO ¥^¥„¬ô H›+¬“"Í°#x K³„¬æ=KÇ°ó#°.

''"³<³ß••° xißkŠ`Ç H©Æ~¡ª•Q®~¡`Ç~¡OQ®=ò•=…ÿ ãƒì^ΰ~¡¶Ä•`Œ=°$`Ç

䛽Oƒ•’x~¡Þ=° Î=°$ Ç _•O_™~¡HêOuKÇó•\ì ‹¬°æ•~¡ Ë•æ•~¡H›=ò•=…ÿ, =°O Š¥#~¡AûH›$ Ç

"Œ‹¬°H©=òY x+¬ ¼ Ç À„¦# *ì•=ò=…ÿ =°^•Î¼=¶#=°O Î~¡y~¡°¼ƒ•’‡•~¡ÅÞ ‹¬O‹²Ö Ç

^Í=^¥#= =°‚¬ð@“‚¬ð‹¬ nk•e=…ÿ, =i[Þ•fH© Æ~¡ ‡•^ŠËkŠ qx~¡ ¾=°

KÇó•Oã ÎaO|‹¬° •¥~Ëz— „¬î~¡ •ÎQ® Îœy Ç Î‰×k‰§‹¬O Œ# "Í° •Î°i Ç ã„¬‹¬#ßHêO Ç°•=…ÿ

Hê=°^•Í#° H›•æ=$H›Æ zO`Œ=°}÷ ㄬƒ•’$ Ç <Œ<Œ k=¼ ‹¬$+²“ „¬iH›eæ Ç ‹¬Þ~¡¾qHꋬ=ò=…ÿ,

J<˼#¼[eæ` Ç ` Ç $} ©Hê~ ¡ "ŒHê¼=<Œ‹ ¬¶z =°O^ ΂ ¬ ð‹ ¬ „ ¬i‚ ¬ ð‹ ¬

ㄬ‹¬°æ•~¡ ÎíO ÇHêOuKÇó•\ìa•~Œ=¶„¬•~Ëx=‚¬ì „¬i^•¥# KÍ…ìOKÇ•=ò =…ÿ

„¬ô@ 71

"³eÁqiÌ‹#°.ÑÑ9

Ì„á q^•ÎOQê ª•y#"³<³ß•=~¡â#O H©Æ~¡ª•Q®~¡=° ŠÎ# ‹¬xß"͉§xß ‡•~”¡ä›½•

H›#°ß•=òO ΰ ª•HÆê ÇøiO„¬*苬°ë#ßk. ³eÁxHêO Ç°•°"³ Î[•°Á Ç°#ß "³<³ß•#°

J=°$ Ç‹²kœHË‹¬O Í=^¥#=ô•°g~¡°•° KÍ‹²# H©Æ~¡ª•Q®~¡=° ŠÎ<Œ#O Ç~¡O "³•°=_•#

J=°$`Ç=°†Ç°=‹¬°ë `Ç`Ç°•`Ë ‡é•ó_ÈO q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œi ‹¬Oㄬ^¥†Ç° ã„Ôux

=¼H›ë„¬~¡°‹¬°ë#ßk. Í=^¥#=ô• =°O ŠÎ~¡yi, Pk䛕~¡à=ò, "Œ‹¬°H÷ã‰×=°, Ç Çæ•e ÇOQê

qH›‹¬#O K³Ok# H›•æ=$H›Æ, Hê=°^•Í#°, zO`Œ=°}°•`Ë D "³<³ß•#° ‡é•ó_ÈO,

"³<³ß•ä›½ ‡•=# ÇÞ=ò, ‰§‰×Þ Ç ÇÞ=ò H›eæOKÇ_È"Í°. q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi D "³<³ß• =~¡â#O

³•°Q®°ª•‚²ì ǼO…Õx Jxß "³<³ß•• =~¡â#•ä›½ Ç•=¶}÷H›¼O =O\÷ Îx K³„¬æ=KÇ°ó.

|°°`Ç° =~¡â#|°°`Ç° =~¡â#|°°`Ç° =~¡â#|°°`Ç° =~¡â#|°°`Ç° =~¡â#

ï~O_È° =¶‹¬=ò• HùH›\÷Qê P~¡°|°° Ç°=ô•° ‹¬O= Ç•~¡Hê• „¬~¡¼O Ç=ò•°.

D +¬ã_È°$ Ç°=ô• =~¡â##° q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° Ç# ³á# =°<Ë‚¬ì~¡‰Üáe…Õ K͉§~¡°.

=‹¬O`Ç~¡°ë=~¡â#=‹¬O`Ç~¡°ë=~¡â#=‹¬O`Ç~¡°ë=~¡â#=‹¬O`Ç~¡°ë=~¡â#=‹¬O`Ç~¡°ë=~¡â#

‹¬O= Ç•~¡=ò…Õx "³ò Î\÷ ï~O_È°=¶‹¬=ò…ÿá K³áã Ç"³á‰§Y=¶‹¬=ò•`Ë ä›•_•#

=‹¬O Ç|°° Ç° ‰Õƒ•’#° q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° Ç=° ³á# =òã Î Ë =iâOKŒ~¡°. "³á‰§Y=¶‹¬O…Õx

9. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 683.

„¬ô@ 72

10. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 239

‡Ïiâ=° ªé†Ç°Q®O [Q®kÞk Ç"Í°. P "³Ø‰§Y„¬îiâ=°<Œ\÷ ªÚ|Q®°#° q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡°

=iâOz# f~¡° D q^•ÎOQê L#ßk. ''"³á‰§Y „¬îiâ=° <Œ_È° "³<³ß••° qi†Ç°QêÌ‹#°.

fH›Æâ ‹¬¶~¡°¼x À„~¡ ‹¬° Î~¡Å<Œ†Çò^•Î=ò"Í~ò †Ç°OKÇ°•`Ë |iフ’q°OKÇQê ¥x#°O_•

qx~¡¾ Ç=ò…ÿá# HêO Ç°•° KÇOã ÎaO|q°+¬KÍ Ç <Œ•°¾ ³‹¬• <Œ=iOz#@°Á, ƒ•’䛽땆³°_È

ã|‹¬#°ß_³á ãj"Í}°Qˇ••ª•Þq° [O ΂¬ð‹¬nk• Ç°•°Q®• ‡Ú~¡•Ì„á #°†³°¼• •¶y#@°Á

"³<³ß••° qiÌ‹#°.ÑÑ10

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° ‹¬Oㄬ ¥†Ç°^•Ë~¡}÷x q_È°=x"Œ~¡°. "Œi =~¡â#•…Õ Ì‹á ÇO

D =òã ÎH›x„²‹¬°ëOk. D =‹¬O ÇHê•"³<³ß•#° =òY¼OQê "³á‰§Y„¬îiâ=°<Œ\÷ D

"³<³ß•=~¡â#O…Õ "Œ~¡° L„¬=°•°Qê ‹ÔÞH›iOz#=hß „¬qã Ç=ò…è Ì„áQê L„¬=°•°Qê

f‹¬°ä›½#ß"Œx…Õ Ì‹á`Ç=ò W`Ç~Œ•OHê~¡=ò•° ㄬ†³¶yOKÇ_ÈO =°#O

Q®=°xOKÇ=KÇ°ó. öH=• =~¡â#=ò ㄬu~¡KÇ~ò`Œ KͳÀ‹ Í Ç# ³á#‰Üáe`Ë „¬qã Ç=ò…ÿá#

‡éeH›• Ë ª•^•¥~¡}=~¡âh†Ç¶O‰×=ò#° Jª•^•¥~¡} ‡•qã ǼO H›ey#"Œ\÷Qê =iâOKÍ

L^¥ Çë"³áYi q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi ~¡KÇ<Œ^•Î°s} Ç䛽 L^¥‚¬ì~¡}Qê=°x K³„¬æ=KÇ°ó#°.

''Jk =‹¬O ÇHê•=ò HËH÷• 䛽‚¬•ä›½‚¬ú x<Œ Î=ò•° Ì„O_•Á„²•°„¬ô•=…ÿ

q##†³°¼#°. =¶x zQ®° ×ä |°Q®¾•Ì„á Ëz# #¶ Çß=^•Î¶~¡ •*ìûHêOu q~¡l"³°à#°.

㇕ Ç— ㄬqH›‹¬#àeÁHê ‹¬°"Œ‹¬#•° „¬‹²†³° Î…Õx ãÀ„=°ƒ•ì==ò=…ÿ ^•¥~Œ_³#°.

„¬ô@ 73

Q®°=òàQê Qù=°à•°=Oy †Ç¶=iOz# =¶H›O Î Ç~¡°KŒó•†Ç¶Ì‹á Ǽ=ò KÍ Ç ÇïQ¾<ÍHêx

=°^•Î°=¶‹¬„¬ô>ÿO_ȕ䛽 x†Ç°=°=ò…è ΰ. Jq Œ"Í° ãw‘•à Ç„¬=ò•#°Hù<³#°.ÑÑ11

=‹¬O ÇHê•=ò…Õx ZO_È HùO Ç KÇ°~¡°ä›½ø=°<Í Í. P Ç„¬=°†Ç°=òHêx ³á<Œ

HùO Ç Œ„¬=ò H›eyOKÍ Í. =OyL#ß Hù=°à•`Ë䛕_•# Ç~¡°KŒó•†Ç°…è …è䛽O>è

P=‹¬O`ÇHê•„¬ô P`Ç„¬=ò ãw+¬à `Ç„¬=ò#䛽 ‹¬=¶#=°<Í ~¡KÇ~ò`Ç WH›ø_È

‹¬¶z‹¬°ë<Œß~¡°. HËH÷• ‹¬Þ~Œ•=°^•Î°i=°, =¶qzQ®° פ HË=°•HêOu, =°eÁHꋬ°=¶•

‹¬°"Œ‹¬# ZO ÇQê=°^•Î°i=°•° „¬Oz<Œ, ZO_È=¶ã ÇO HùO Ç fH›Æ}"Í°., Jx

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° D =~¡â#…Õ K³„¬æH›†Í° K³„¬ôæKÇ°<Œß~¡°.

ãw+¬à|°°`Ç° =~¡â# :ãw+¬à|°°`Ç° =~¡â# :ãw+¬à|°°`Ç° =~¡â# :ãw+¬à|°°`Ç° =~¡â# :ãw+¬à|°°`Ç° =~¡â# :

ãw+¬à|°° Ç°=ô q°ye# Jxß |°° Ç°=ô•=¶ki Í‚¬ì=¶^•Î°~¡¼ ㄬ‹¬~¡=ò

HêH›‡é~ò<Œ, Ç# ³á# XH› ªÚ|Q®°#° H›eyLO@°Ok. q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° "Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•…Õ

=ü_È°KË@Á *è¼+¬“, P‘•_•È=¶‹¬=ò•…Õx ãw+¬àHêb# =~¡â##° KÍ‹²<Œ~¡°.

''"Í‹¬Oy =°O_È°>ÿO_È•° …è Ç ~Œq†Ç¶ä›½•g° ΄¬_• •ÎQ® •Î…ì_• H› Îe#„¬ôæ_È°,

Ç × Ç ×"³°i†Çò QË^•Î°=° =<³ßã`ŒKÇ°• „¬_ÈQ®•=…ÿ ㄬHêtOKÇ°KÇ°O_³#°. ~ŒqP䛽•

zxßzxß `ËH›•° KŒz# <Œ•ø•=…ÿ `ËK³#°. ^ζ~¡=ò# <ŒHê‰×=ò…Õ ‹¬#ßx

=°|°Ä•° „¬•°KÇ<³áK³~¡…ì_•, ³•Áã`ŒKÇ°•° =°‹¬H›…ì_•#@°Á, „¬_ÈQ®•° q„²æ#@°Á,

11. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 513

„¬ô@ 74

XH› ¥xÌ„á<ùH›\÷ ζH ÷H›~¡KÇ°Hù#ß@°Á, „¬~¡= ×ä ã`ùH÷ø#@°Á, <Œ<Œs Ç°•QËKÇiOK³#°.

ZO_ȆͰ"³¶ H›‹¬>ÿH÷ø =°‚¬ðƒ•’°[OQ®"³òH›_È° 䛽„² dž³Ø° |°‹¬°•=°x „¬_ÈQ®q„²æ

`ËH›g° Î…èzxez#@°Á ΰißsH›Æ"³°Ø‡é†³°#°.ÑÑ12

"Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•…Õx "³ò Î\÷ J^•¥¼†Ç°O…Õ =zó# D "³ò Î\÷ |°° Ç°=~¡â#

YO_ÈO Hê…ìxH÷ ‹¬~ŒæH›$u K³„²æ# ㇕p# ƒ•ì~¡f†Ç° ‹¬Oㄬ ¥†Ç°=ò#° Q®°~¡°ëKÍ‹¬°ë#ßk.

"Í‹¬q ZO_È QË^•Î°=°~¡OQ®° ã`ŒKÇ°‡•=ò „¬_ÈQ®=…ÿ PHê‰×=ò…Õx ³e=°|°Ä•°

H› פã`ŒKÇ°•=…ÿ, ~ŒqP䛽• JOKÇ°•° ‡•=ò•<Œ•°H›•=…ÿ Ëz, ZO_¨Hê•=ò

XH› Qù„¬æ^³á# ‡•=òHê>è†Ç°xez#O`Ç fã=OQê L#ß^Î#ß q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œi

ãw+¬à|°° Ç°=~¡â# P‘•_ÈO…Õx fH›Æ} Ç#° ‡•~”¡ä›½• H›#°ß•=òO ΰ䛽 ³zóxe„²#k.

'JO`Ç…Õ <³ã~¡ZO_È•° =K³ó#°. Hê•„¬ô~¡°+¬µ_È#ß ƒ•ì~¡¾=~Œ=ò_È°

‹¬¶~¡¼aO|=°#ß „¬~¡‰×Ã=ô`Ë ‰×ã Ç°‹¬O‚¬ð~¡O KÍ‹² „¬tó=° k‰×†Ç°#° Ç\ìH›=ò

xiàOz, †Ç°O ΰ Ç# „¬~¡‰×Ã=ô#° |~¡ ǼlOz ‡éQê, <Œ Ç\ìH›=ò HêO Ç°•°

͉×=°O džÇò ãQ®=òàHù#ß@°ÁO_³#°Ñ.13

~¡¶„¬Hê•OHê~¡=°†Ç°"³°Ø# L„¬=°`Ë q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° D ‹¬O^•Î~¡Ä•=ò…Õ KÍ‹²#

ãw+¬àHê• =°^•Î¼Ok<Œ Ç„¬=~¡â# "ŒiÌ„á L#ß ‹¬Oㄬ ¥†Ç°„¬ô ㄬƒ•ì==ò ³•°„¬ôKÇ°#ßk.

13. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ 108.

12. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ.10, 11

„¬ô@ 75

PHê‰×=ò Zã~¡<³á#k. Jx ‹¬°•ƒ•’=òQêK³„¬ôæ@, Jq~¡ × ^•¥~Œã„¬"Œ‚²ìx†³Ø°#

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi ‰Üáe…Õ W=°_È Î°. ‹¬Oㄬ ¥†Ç° ㄬfH›•°, ‡éeH›•°, „¬ô~Œ}èu‚¬ð‹¬

‡•ã`Œ‹¬°æ•~¡H›=ò•° J~ò# ‡éeH›…è g~¡ ‰Üáe…Õ =°#䛽 Z…ÿÁ_È• QËKÇiª•ë~ò.

''=°~¡• <Œ‘•_•È=¶‹¬=ò ãHùHêø~¡° "³°~¡°Q®°•`Ë Qê@°H›H›#°ß• =O\÷

"³òy פ Ë PHê‰×=ò#°O_• ƒ•’¶q°H›= ÇiOK³#°. ƒ•’¶q°†Çò zó•eOã •Î=°†³°¼#°.

Pã~¡í „¬ô~¡°Q®°•° q~¡‚²ì}© ‚¬ì$ Άǰ~¡H›ëaO ΰ=ô•=…ÿ <Í•JO džÇü㇕䛽…ì_³#°.ÑÑ14

P‘•_•È=¶‹¬=ò ãw+¬àHê•„¬ô JO Ǽ Ή×. "³°…ÿÁ"³°…ÿÁQê #•Áx "Í°„¦¬°=ò•°

PHê‰×=ò…Õ Hù@=°iOKÍ Hê•=ò. PHê•O PHê‰×O…Õ =°|°Ä•°<Œß ZO_ÈfH›Æ} Ç䛽

x~¡û•"³°Ø ƒ•’¶q° c@•°"Œ~¡° Ç°Ok. Ç_•HË‹¬O ƒçi†Ç°…ÕÁ ¥y# Pã~¡í„¬ô~¡°Q®°•°

Ì„áH÷=ª•ë~ò. J…ìÌ„áH÷=zó# P„¬ô~¡°Q®°• ‰×s~¡=~¡âO`Ë ã„¬H›$u HùH›qO ljՃ•’

H›eyO Îx D =~¡â# ³e†Ç°KÍ‹¬°ëOk.

ZH›ø_Ë ã„¬|O^•ÎHê•…Õ JH›ø_ÈH›ø_¨ H›#|_Í ãw+¬àHê• ªÏO Î~¡¼ =~¡â#O,

P^•Î°xH› ª•‚²ì ǼO…Õ =òY¼OQê =KÇ#~¡KÇ<Œ^•Ë~¡}°•…Õ J~¡° ΰQêH›x„²‹¬°ëOk.

J~¡° ΰQê`ËKÍ W\÷“"Œ\÷x Ju~¡=°¼OQê =iâOKÇ_È"Í° q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi L„¬[ý.

14. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ.468, 469

„¬ô@ 76

=~¡Â|°°`Ç° =~¡â#=~¡Â|°°`Ç° =~¡â#=~¡Â|°°`Ç° =~¡â#=~¡Â|°°`Ç° =~¡â#=~¡Â|°°`Ç° =~¡â#

'K³áã`Ç=¶‹¬=¶~¡Oƒ•’"³°Ø# "³O@<Í "Í‹¬Oy =zó#^Î#°Hù#°KÇ°O_ÈQê,

=ü_È°<Œ ×ä ã|‚¬ðàO_È"³°Ø# =ò‹¬°~¡°„¬>ÿ“#°. =~¡Â=ò•° ^•¥~¡QêQ®°=°àiOK³#°.

T~¡°KÇ°@°“„¬@Á [•=°†Ç°"³°Ø Q®°O_Í~¡°=°~¡•ª•ïQ#°. ͉×=°O džÇüQ®°i‹²# ~ò ê

=~¡Â=òKÍ Ç ‹¬Hê•=ò# h ×ä‡ÚOy ï~á ×ä#_ÈKÇ°@Q®¶_È…è Îx „¬ãuHê"Œ~¡ë•°=K³ó#°.

=ü_È=~ËA# ï~O_È°*ì=ò• "Í × =~¡Â=ò q[$Oa•OK³#°. <³=°àkQê Qêeª•ïQ#°.

ª•y#Qêe ãH›=°ãH›=°=òQê =$kœ ‡ÚOk ~¡-O~¡-ì=¶~¡° Ç=°†³°¼#°. Jkª•y ª•y

ㄬ ׆ǰ=¶~¡ Ç=°†³°¼#°. =°‚¬ð"Œ†Çò=ô "ÍQ®„¬i„¦¬¶~¡â=¶# gzHê „¬~¡O„¬~¡•`Ë

‹¬°_È°•° uiy =° ΄¬ô>è#°=…ÿ =$H›Æ‰§MìãQ®=ò• ‚¬ìÙ~¡°=°x ŒïH#°. Ì„ ×Ì„ ×=°x

‰§Y•° q~¡°KÇ°Hùx „¬_³#°. =°‚¬ð"ÍQ®„¬~ŒãHêO Ç Q®$ã •Î~ŒA=…ÿ ãQê=°=ò•g° Î#°O_•

括°Hùx‡é=ô#°. WO_ÈÁÌ„áH›„¬ôæ•° …èz‡é~ò †Çü פx߆Çò k"ŒO^•Î=ò•

x"Œ‹¬=ò•=…ÿ tkŠ• Ç "³ פƒÿ>ÿ“#°. PHê‰×=ò#°O_• ãH÷OkH÷ ζ䛽 [•‡• Ç=ò=…ÿ

~¡O~ò=°x=zó [•ã„¬"Œ‚¬ì=ò•}KÇ°#°. ㄬ"Œ‚¬ì=ò•° „¦¬üiâeÁ‡é=ô#°.

‚¬ìÙ~¡°=°x Qêe H›uë q‹²i#@°Á |†Ç°\÷ ‡Ú…ì•g° Î i=ôÞ=°x …ìQ®°Hù#°#°.

KÇeKÍ Ç ƒ•’¶ Íq †³ò_È"³•Á =ò_È°KÇ°Hùx ~Ë=¶OKÇ=ò H›ey#@°Á, „¬KÇóx†Ç¶ïH•Á

=Oy‡é~ò =°~¡• x•°=ã ù䛽øHù<³#°. ~Ë^ËO Ç~Œ × =°O džÇü =°OKÇ°•° „¬\÷“#@°Á

Z_¨~¡°•…Õx‹¬°H›Qê•°•° gz#@°Á ^Î^ÎíieÁ‡é†³°#°. H›•H›`Œë#°O_•Qêx,

„¬ô@ 77

K³#ß„¬ôi#°O_•Qêx "³°~ò•°…è~Œ…è ΰ. U ͉×=ò…Õ <ÍÌ„¦° ê~¡=ò [iïQ<Ë ³e†Ç° ΰ.

J~¡°=k†Í°O_ÈÁãH÷O Î@ =zó# †ÇòÌ„æ#=…ÿ †ÇòÌ„æ#=zó f~¡ ͉×=ò ‹¬=òã Î=òKÍ Ç

|ib_È=¶#"³°Ø# Îx [#°•° K³„¬ôæHù#*çzói. À„ Î"Œi Q®°_•Ì‹•x߆Çò|_•‡é†³°#°.

=°\÷“QË_È•° 䛕e‡é†³°#°. H›@°“Hù#°@䛽 ƒç_•Q®°_ÈÛ…èH›, Ç•^¥KÇ°Hù#°@䛽 *ÿ@°“

ãH÷OkH÷ ƒÕ^Î=°#ß#k qiy„¬_• KÇzó‡é^ΰ"Í°"³¶†Ç°#° ƒ•’†Ç°=ò`Ë<Ë

=°‚¬ð"Œ†Çò=ô…Õ<ùH›KË\÷#°O_• =°~ùH›KË\÷H÷ ‡é=ô@ïHá#Qêˆ×ä x•°=H›

À„ Î[#°•…ìÁ_• ‡é~òi. „¬ä›Æ½•°, [O Ç°=ô•°, „¬‹²„²•Á•°, =°~¡}÷Ozi. P =Q®…ÿ•Á

h =°‚¬ð"Œ†Çò=ô gK³#°, ~Œã ÇO džÇò q‹¬ï~‹¬°.ÑÑ15

㉧=}, ƒ•ìã ΄¬ Î=¶‹¬=ò•…Õ xO_¨~¡°Qê #°O_È° =~¡Â|°° Ç°=ô [#r=<Œxß

J‹¬ë=¼‹¬ëO KÍÀ‹"Œ\÷…Õ ã„¬=òY"³°Ø#k. Qêe`Ë ä›•_•#"Œ#, ㇕H›$ Ç[#°•° x=‹²OKÍ

„¬…ÿÁ@¶i ‡•H›•ä›½ ㄬ=¶ Î À‚ì Ç°=ô. Qêe"ÍQ®O Ì„iy#Hù•k c•ƒ•’ Ç• Ç Ì„~¡°Q®° Ç°Ok.

PHê•O…Õ pH›\÷ ƒì䛽•° q‹²i#@°ÁO_Í fH›Æ}"³°Ø# "Œ#[•°Á, ‚¬ìÙ~¡°=°x„²OKÍQêe,

WO_ÈÁÌ„áH›„¬ôæ•#° ZQ®ö~‹¬°ä›½‡é=_ÈO =°\÷“QË_È•° 䛕e‡é=_ÈO, =°‚¬ð=$H›Æ=ò•°

^•Î~Œ‰§~ò•=_ÈO =~ŒÂHê•O…Õ ª•^•¥~¡}OQê [iöQ XH› ㄬH›$u c•ƒ•’ Ç•O. „¬ä›Æ½•°,

[O Ç°=ô•°, „¬‹²„²•Á•° ㇕†Ç°"³°Ø# W\÷“ Qêe"Œ#…Õ qQ® Ç㇕}°•=_ÈO. q°ye#"Œi

rq`Œ•° H›+¬“=°†Ç°=°=_ÈO q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œ~¡° =iâOz# D =~¡â#O ‡•~”¡ä›½x

H›#°ß•=òO ΰ xez, „¬H›$u qH›$ LJ•~ŒÅÞxß "³•Á_•‹¬°ë#ßk.

15. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ.468, 469

„¬ô@ 78

'' "Í‹¬qHê•=ò‡é~ò =~ŒÂHê•=ò =K³ó#°. „¬@“}=ò KÇ°@°“#° =¶Qêx

†Ç°Q®°@KÍ Ç ã|u ‹¬O= Ç•~¡=ò=…ÿ<Í ~ò ê †Í°_È°#° Ë=°•° Ì‚ìK³ó#°. 䛽i‹²#

"Œ#•° 䛽i‹²#>èÁ, ãQê=°g^•Î°•"³O@ xOH÷#O Ç hiOH÷ ÇH÷ø# KË@Á |°~¡ Ά³Ø°

‡é†³°#°. ~Ë_ÈÁㄬH›ø Hê•°=•° h~¡° xez, Ç䛽ø„¬_• †Ç°‹¬‚¬ì¼=ò•†³°¼#°.ÑÑ16

=~¡ÂHê•=ò…Õ h~¡° x•|_•‡é=_ÈO Juª•^•¥~¡}O. =òY¼OQê „¬@“}ì•…Õ

W…ì h~¡° x•|_ÈQê<Í Ë=°•° q[$Oa•OKÇ_È=ü ª•^•¥~¡}"Í°. WO ÍQêH› WOH›H›

xez‡é~ò# h\÷ Ë g^•Î°•° |°~¡ Î=°†Ç°OQê =¶~¡_ÈO, P |°~¡ Î䛽 ~Ë_ÈÁㄬH›ø

Hê•°=•° 䛕_Ȱ䛽‡é~ò, ‰×Ãフì‰×Ãフ’=ò•xß H›e‹²‡é~ò XH› ³á# c•ƒ•’ Ç•"Œ Œ=~¡}O

<³•HùO@°Ok. q[†Ç°"Œ_È #Q®~¡O…Õ `Œ#°Q®=°xOz#, `Œ##°ƒ•’qOz#

=~¡ÂHê•öHÁ‰×=ò q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi D =~¡â#䛽 ‹¬¶æ•i놳ذ †ÇòO_È=KÇ°ó#°.

‰×~¡^Î$`Ç° =~¡â#‰×~¡^Î$`Ç° =~¡â#‰×~¡^Î$`Ç° =~¡â#‰×~¡^Î$`Ç° =~¡â#‰×~¡^Î$`Ç° =~¡â#

‹¬O= Ç•~¡O…Õx q°ye# |°° Ç°=ô•H›<Œß ‰×~¡ Œø•„¬ô Hê•=ò ~¡=°¼OQê

LO@°Ok. "³<³ß••° Ç=° J#¶‚¬ì¼ ªé†Ç°Qê•`Ë D Hê•O…Õ ‹¬O= Ç•~¡Hê•

öHÁ‰§xß ^ζ~¡O Kͪ•ë~ò. W\÷“ ‰×~¡`Œø•ªÏO^Î~Œ¼xß q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œ~¡° `Ç=°

"Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•°…Õ XH›KË@ =iâOKŒ~¡°.

16. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ.559

„¬ô@ 79

'' xö~à„¦¬°"³°Ø# †Ç¶Hê‰×=ò#°O_• ‹¬¶~¡°¼_³O_È•° 䛽i„²OK³#°. KÇOã ΰ_È°

"³<³ß••° Q®°i„²OK³#°. ï~•°Á „¬î=ô•° qH›‹²OK³#°. Q®°O_Í\÷h~¡° =\÷“‡é†³°#°.

Ti„¬_È=°\÷#°#ß Hê•°=…Õ h~¡° #•°„¬ô qiïQ#°. `³•Áx "Í°„¦¬°=ò•°

ζk„²O[•=…ÿ Qêe †Çò„¬•x †Çü ÎOQê Qù@°“Hùx ‡é=ôKÇ°O_³#°. =iKÍ•x߆Çò

Q®O䛽•g° Î#°O_•#° ƒÕ ³•…Õ ï~O_È°"³á„¬ô• Íi†Çò#ß †³°O_È° Ì„áx Íi ³•Áx

‹¬#ßx h\÷ *ì•°•° ㄬ=‚²ìOKÇ°KÇ°O_³#°. Hê_• Q®@°“•° "Í‹²# q°#°„¬Hê_È |e‹²

Ì„iy =°#°‹¬°• #_È°=xKÇ°ó@…è^ΰ. "³<³ß••° HêÌ‹#°. "³°@“KÍ•g°^Î

ζ~¡„¬ôpH›@°•…Õ Q®e‹² #°=ôÞ•° a†Ç°¼=ò H›e„² ‡é‹²#@°ÁO_³#°. H› 쉧•…Õ„¬e

†Ç¶=~¡}=ò•…Õ "³<³ß••° „²O_•†Ç¶~¡ƒÕ‹²#@°ÁO_³#°. „¬@“}=ò•…Õ xO_È°Á

KŒ@°#|_• †Ç¶ ³•Áx "³<³ß•…è HùOK³=ò ‹¬•Á<³á †Çò#ß@°Á ËK³#°.ÑÑ17

‰×~¡ Î$ Ç°=ô ‹¬‹¬¼‰§¼=°•HêOu`Ë ³e=°|°Ä• t ÇKŒó•†Ç°•`Ë H›•Q®•°„¬ôQê

LO_È°Hê•=ò. q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œ~¡° D ‰×~¡^Î$`Ç°=ô =~¡â#…Õ "Œ_•# L„¬=°•°

x Ǽrq Ç=ò…Õ ã„¬u"ŒiH÷x ³e‹²#"Í #•Áx #°=ôÞ•° ³•Áa†Ç°¼=ò, H›•Q®e„²#@°Á

D Hê• =~¡ â#O…Õ "Œ~¡° =iâOKŒ~¡°. „¬@“}=ò…Õ Wˆ×¤KŒ@°#|_•

„²O_¨~¡ƒÕ‹²#@°Á#ß ³•Áx "³<³ß• HùOK³O #•Á<³á L#ß@°Á `Ëz# Î#ß =~¡â# gi

ƒ•ì=ôH› Ç䛽 L^¥‚¬ì~¡}.

17. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ.324

„¬ô@ 80

À‚ì=°O`Ç|°°`Ç° =~¡â#À‚ì=°O`Ç|°°`Ç° =~¡â#À‚ì=°O`Ç|°°`Ç° =~¡â#À‚ì=°O`Ç|°°`Ç° =~¡â#À‚ì=°O`Ç|°°`Ç° =~¡â#

ª•^•¥~¡}OQê _•Ì‹O|~¡° =¶‹¬=ò#O_• =KÍó À‚ì=°O Ç|°° Ç°=~¡â#O

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi =~¡â<Œ KÇ Ç°~¡ Ç䛽 ζ~¡O Hê…è ΰ. "Œ#•° 䛽iÀ‹ ‰×H÷ë L_•y

"Í°„¦¬°=ò•° ‹¬#ßQê 䛽iÀ‹ =°OKǰ䛽 D |°° Ç°=ô…Õ ª•Ö#O H›x„²ª•ë~ò. ㇕ Ç—

Hê•=ò…Õ D q^•ÎOQê 䛽iÀ‹ ‹¬#ßx =°OKǰㄬH›$uH÷ XH› ~¡=°}©†Ç°"³°Ø# ‰Õƒ•’#°

³zóÌ„_È° Ç°Ok. D =°<Ë[ý"³°Ø# "Œ`Œ=~¡}O q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° D q^•ÎOQê =iâOKŒ~¡°.

''L Çë~¡ •Î$=㇕O Ç=ò# #°O_È°#@°Á, PHê‰×=ò#O Î=°ió# †Ç°QËKÇ~¡"³°Ø#

†³òH› öHo䛽o#°O_• ‹¬#ßx h\÷ Ç°O„¬ô~¡°•° [•[• ~Œe#@°Á ‰×~¡ ¥ Ç„¬=ò•ä›½

ã‰×=°„¬_•# ~ù^ËO`Ç~Œˆ×=ò#° „¬ô~¡°+¬µx ‰×s~¡=°O`Ç=ò =ò`³á=ò•=O\÷

K³=°@‡é‹²#@°Á, KÇOã Î=°O_È…ìO Ç~¡¾ Ç ‹¬°^•¥=•~òH›O|°•…Õx ‹¬° ×äuiy

„¬ô~ ¡°Q ®°^ùez# ^ζ•=ò•#°O_• ‡Ú_•=…ÿ xd•^Í=`Œ

„¬iƒ•’°H›ë‰õ‘•=°$ ÇaO ΰ‹¬O`Œ#=ò•° <³=°àk<³=°àkQê *ìi#@°Á, =¶~¡¾j~¡Â=¶ª•k

Í= Ç ³•Áx „¬@°Á =e„¬=ò "Í°e =ò‹¬°Q®° ¥eó#@°Á, ‰×H÷ë †Çò_•y# =~¡Â"Í°„¦¬°„¬@e

^•¥~Œ‡• Ç=òQê ƒ•’¶q°x Î_È°„¬Q®• ª•=°~¡Ö¼=ò‡é~ò z•°=z•°=•°Qê

|°‡Úæ_•‡é‹² Qêe ΰ=¶~¡=ò•° "Ë‹² †Ç°•æö~}°=ô•#° =ke#@°Á ‹¬#ßx =°OKÇ°

䛽iÌ‹#°. =°OQ® ù_•Û…Õ Q®°=°à_•‡• ΰ„¬îz …Õ# |OQê~¡°=°…ì=ò KÍ‹²#

ƒ•Õ[#‡•ã Ç•=…ÿ Q®°=°à_• „¬î•° Œ`Œø•‰Õƒ•’†Ç°O džÇòO^¥†³° †Ç¶‚¬ìiOK³#°.

„¬ô@ 81

Q®°=°à_• „¬î Í<³Hù‹¬i Ç°"³°à Ε° q[$Oa•Oz =°^•Î°~¡-OHê~¡„¬ib†Ç°=¶#

㇕ Ç~¡àO^¥x• Ç~¡OQ®=°~¡à~¡=ò…ÿá „¬~¡= ×ä ã`ùïHø#°.ÑÑ18

JO ÍQêH› ''Q®Q®#ƒ•ìQ®=ò# ƒ•ìQ®K³@°“ H›\÷“#@°Á ‹¬#ßx =°OKÇ° #eí䛽ø•

<Œ=iOK³#°. PHê‰×=°O^ΰ <Í^Ë „¬O_È°HË‹²# †Ç°=°$`Ç „¬ôOQ®°„¬æ=¶ió

Ƕ~Œæ~¡|\÷“#@°Á ‹¬#ßx #¶Q®°=…ÿ ΰ‘•~¡=ò 䛽i†Ç°*çK³ó#°. kH›• Ç°•°

#•°Q®°~¡°#° ‹¬#ßx "Í°e†Çò‹¬°OQ®°•° "³ázHùx, †Ç° Î$‰×¼=òY=°O_È•…ÿá# ~Œ[ã‹Ôë•

=…ÿ ㄬHêtOzi. Hê•°=•° ãH›=°=òQê Q®$tOz‡é†³°#°. „¬zóH›g°^Î

ï~O_È°*ì=ò•„¬ôæ_È° #_Èz##° ƒì Ε=ò•° Ç_•†ÇòKÇ°O_³#°. KÍ•"³O@#_ÈKÇ°@

H›+¬“=òQê #°O_³#°. Ì„iy# =i†Ç¶ä›½•x߆Çò ‚²ì=°aO^ΰ ‹¬O‹²H›ë=ò…ÿá

^¥i"³O@ƒÕ=ô"Œix KÇ•ÁQê ¥ä›½KÇ°O_³#°. =°OKÇ°aO ΰ=ô•° Œ=°~Œä›½•g° Î

ã|aÄe†Ç¶ä›½•g° Î Q®°i‹² ㇕ Ç—Hê•=°# Ì‹#Q®yO[•O džÇòO_• ã‡Ú ³íH÷ø# Hù•k

„¬i=¶}=ò ÇQ®°¾KÇ° q°#°„¬yO[…ÿá Ì„‹¬~¡yO[…ÿá #¶=ôyO[…ÿá z@“z=~¡ä›½

=°}÷~Œz# ‡•_•…Õx †Ç°}°=ô•=…ÿ Q®•„²O„¬*çK³ó#°. t~¡‹¬°•# <³O_È=°•=°•

=¶_È°ó#°. #_È°KÇ°KÇ°O_ÈQê ã|H›ø#°#ß K³@Á†Ç¶ä›½•° `Çye |@“•x߆Çò

Î_•‹²‡é=ô#°. X_È•° "Í_•†Ç°x„²OKÇ Î°. ㇕}=ò KÇ•ÁQê #°O_È°#°. Ç•=¶ã Ç=ò

=¶_•‡é=ô#°. Wk À‚ì=°O Ç„¬ô>ÿO_È••H›Æ}=ò.ÑÑ19

19. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 390, 391.

18. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 264

„¬ô@ 82

Jx g~¡° KÍ‹²# =~¡â#…Õ À‚ì=°O ÇHê•„¬ô ZO_È•=~¡â#=ò#ßk. =°OKÇ°

aO ΰ=ô•KÍ Ç Ç_•‹²# „¬zóH›|†Ç° פ…Õ HùkíQê #_È=_ÈO`Ë<Í Hê פ䛽 Ç_• ÇQ®•_ÈO

P ¥i"³O@ „¬O@‡Ú…ì•Ì„á#°O_• gKÍQêe KÇ•ÁQê LO_È_ÈO, K³@Á P䛽•° ÇQ®•Qê<Í

|@“•° Ç_•‹²‡é=_ÈO, WO ÇKÇ•ÁQê L<Œß, Ç•=¶ã ÇO ZO_È䛽 =¶_•‡é=_ÈO,

„¬…ÿÁ‹Ô=°•…Õx ㄬu=¶#=ôxH÷ J#°ƒ•’"³áH› "Í Î¼"³°Ø# q+¬†Ç°"Í°. WO Ç ‹¬‚¬ì["³°Ø#

ƒ•ì"Œxß JO Í ‹¬‚¬ì[OQê ‹¬~¡ ×"³°Ø# ƒ•ì+¬…Õ K³„¬æ_ÈO…Õh q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œi =~¡â#

<³á„¬ô}¼O ˼ ÇH›=°=ô Ç°Ok.

tt~¡|°°`Ç° =~¡â#tt~¡|°°`Ç° =~¡â#tt~¡|°°`Ç° =~¡â#tt~¡|°°`Ç° =~¡â#tt~¡|°°`Ç° =~¡â#

"Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®• #=•…Õ q‹¬ë $ ÇOQê |°° Ç°=~¡â#O, ㄬH›$u =~¡â#O KÍ‹²#

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° tt~¡HꕪÏ~ Î~¡¼ =~¡â<Œxß =¶ã ÇO ZO ΰKÍ Ç#<Ë K͆ǰ…è ΰ.

Ì„á |°° Ç°=~¡â#…è HêH› q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° JHê•O…Õ =zó„¬_• [#r=<Œxß

J Ç…ì䛽 Ç•OKÍÀ‹ =~¡ Ε°, Jyß ã„¬=¶ Î=~¡â•ä›½ 䛕_¨ "³~ò„¬_ÈQ®•°…Õ ª•Ö#O

H›eæOKŒ~¡°.

=~¡^Î =~¡â#=~¡^Î =~¡â#=~¡^Î =~¡â#=~¡^Î =~¡â#=~¡^Î =~¡â#

''„¬ ÍO_ÈÁ~ò#k Q®°O_Í~¡° ‡Ú_•z ãHù Ç넬O@•H›•"Œ@°„¬_•# ãHù Çëㄬ[•ä›½

Q®°O_Í~¡° ‡Ú_È°„¬ô ³e†Ç° Î. ‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@ KÇ°@°“„¬@Á <³O_È•° =°O_•‡é=ôKÇ°O_³#°.

„¬ô@ 83

XH›<Œ_È° ³•Á"Œ~¡° =~¡ä›½ Q®°O_Í~¡° „¬ô\÷“#KË@<³O Ç=iÂOK³<Ë ³e†Ç° ΰ. Q®°O_Í~¡°

=~¡ Εg° Î#°O_³#°. <Í_È° f†Çò#°, ö~„¬ô f†Çò##ß ã„¬=‚¬ì=ò <Í\÷ ö~„¬\÷

x|Ä_•=ò|Ä_•Qê ƒçOy†ÇòaH÷ ‡Ú…ì•g°kH÷ |~¡°"³ ³á#°. "³ò Î@<ù_È°Û# #°#ß

Ì„á~¡°#° |°H÷ø@|>ÿ“#°. HùO ÇÌ„á~¡°#䛽 Ε=ò#H›.

HùO ÇÌ„á~¡°#䛽 #_È°=ò ^¥H›, =°iHùO Ç䛽 =ü•‹¬æ~¡Å Wk "³ò Î\÷

<Œ\÷H› ŠÎ, ï~O_È=<Œ_È° ÎH÷Æ}„¬ô}„¬ôƒç•=°O džÇò Ì„áö~ H›#|_È…è ΰ. Q®°O„¬ô•°

Q®°O„¬ô…ÿá HùOQ®•° […Õ„¬iƒ•ìQ®=ò# *º ×äH›\÷“ „¬~¡°=ô…ÿ ³á#°. ΰ|°Ä…ÿky

‡é~¡OƒÕH›•°#ß KË@Á A@°“„¬@Á h~¡° …Õ`³ á##° #KÇó@ =¶ã`Ç=ò

h~¡O ΰKÇ°O_È°@KÍ Ç Q®$‘•âl#=ò „¬~¡z#@°Á XH› ^•¥¼#=ò ª•ïQ#°. KÍ„¬•°

=¶\÷=¶\÷H÷x ^Ε…ÿ`Çëx•°qO`Ç <Í^΃Õ~ò#@°Á uH›=°H›•° „¬_³#°. h~¡°

‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@ KÇ°@°ë„¬@Á#°#ß À„ ÎHùO„¬•ä›½ =ò@“_• "ÍÌ‹#°. "Œ~¡° "ŒH÷ ×Õ=òO ΰ

=°\÷“`Ë Q®@“•°"Í‹²Hùx `³•Á"Œ~¡°•° n„¬=ò•° Ì„@°“Hùx Q®@°Á `³y‡é䛽O_È

EKÇ°Hù#°KÇ°O_•i. À„@䛽 |_È=°\÷"³á„¬ô# ã|=‚²ìOKÇ° Hê•°=䛽 <Í\÷ ‹¬~¡°í("³•°Á=)

‡Ú_•z „¬tó"³¶ Çë~¡k䛽ø•O ΰ#° =~¡ Î q[$Oa•OK³#°. =O ³# qiy‡é†³°#°.ÑÑ20

J#ß XH› q‹¬ë $ Ç"³°Ø# =~¡ Î =~¡â##° q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° „¬ Î= J^•¥¼†Ç°=ò…Õ K͉§~¡°.

U~¡° XH›øª•iQê ‡ÚOy …Õ Ç@°“ ㇕O`Œ•#° =òOKÇ Î°. "³°•Á"³°•ÁQê

20-. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 246, 247.

„¬ô@ 84

h\÷ㄬ"Œ‚¬ì„¬ô =°@“O Ì„~¡Q®_ÈO ^¥~¡°•Ì„áH÷, „¬O@‡Ú…ì•Ì„áH÷ h~¡° ãH›=°OQê

=zó KÍ~¡_ÈO, =~¡^Îh\÷ ㄬ"Œ‚¬ðxH÷ JO`Ç°O_ÈH›‡é=_ÈO`Ë "³°•Á"³°•ÁQê Ì„á~¡°•°

=òxy‡é=_ÈO [#°• W ×ä [•kQ®ÄO^•¥xH÷ Q®°i J=_ÈO [~¡°Q®° Ç°Ok. =~¡ Î

fã= Ç Ì„iy Í ~¡‚¬ì^¥~¡°•° •ÎÞO‹¬=°=ô`Œ~ò. =O ³#•° 䛕e‡é`Œ~ò. ¥x`Ë

=~¡ Îh\÷…Õ =òxy# "ŒiH÷ q°ye# ㄬ„¬OKŒxH÷ ‹¬O|O^•¥•° ³y‡é`Œ~ò. W\÷“

XH› ΰ~¡Ä•~¡"³°Ø# „¬i‹²Öu ‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@䛽 ¥„¬ôiOz#k. P ‹¬O„¦¬°@##° =i⋬¶ë

q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° KÍ‹²# =~¡â# ZO`Ë ª•Þƒ•ìqH›OQê#°#ßk.

Jyß ã„¬=¶^Î =~¡â#Jyß ã„¬=¶^Î =~¡â#Jyß ã„¬=¶^Î =~¡â#Jyß ã„¬=¶^Î =~¡â#Jyß ã„¬=¶^Î =~¡â#

=~¡ Î=…ÿ<Í Jyßㄬ=¶ Î=ò 䛕_È [#r=<Œxß qzó•#ßO KÍ‹¬°ëOk. Ju

ㄬ=¶ ÎHêi†³Ø°# XH› Jyß ã„¬=¶^¥xH÷ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡° "Í~ò„¬_ÈQ®•…Õ ª•Ö#O

H›eæOKŒ~¡°. W~¡°=k†Ç°= J^•¥¼†Ç°O…Õ XH› Jyßㄬ=¶ ÎO [iy#@°Á q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡°

=iâOKŒ~¡°. ‹¬°=¶~¡° =ü_È° „¬ô@•…Õ D Jyßㄬ=¶ Î =~¡â#†Çò#ßk.

ζk|°OQ®•O@°Hù#ß@°Á =°‚¬ð=#=ò^•Î¼=ò# ‰×Ã+¬ø Ç~¡°=ô•° ÇQ®°•|_•

‡é=ôKÇ°#ß@°Á, ‹¬¶~˼^Άǰ"³°Ø#@°Á, QêÁªé¾=°•°Á•g°^Î „¬O_È° K³OQêq

Jkí#@°Á Ή×H›O~”¡, ‚²ì~¡}¼H›t„¬ô, #~¡Hꋬ°~Œk ~ŒH›Æ‹¬°•° Ç=° „¬ ŒH›…ÿuë#@°Á

~¡H›ëKŒó•†Ç¶ u~¡‹¬ø $u ‹¬°ã|‚¬ìà}載×Þ~¡ kÞ‹¬‚¬ì㋬䛽„² Ç<Íã Ç HË}"³°Ø# Jyß*ìÞ••°

„¬ô@ 85

K³•ö~ïQ#°. ‚²ì~¡}¼ö~ Ç‹¬°_È° ã Î=¼=°O džÇò u#*çK³ó#°.ÑÑ21

J#ß J~ò ΰ „¬O䛽ë•=¶…Õ„¬=° Jyßㄬ=¶ ÎfH›Æ} Ç#° "³•Á_•‹¬°ë#ßk.

D Jyß ã„¬=¶ Î=ò#䛽 ‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@ ^¥^¥„¬ô ‹¬Q®"³°Ø#@°ÁQê q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡°

=iâOKŒ~¡°.

^¥iã^μ =~¡â#^¥iã^μ =~¡â#^¥iã^μ =~¡â#^¥iã^μ =~¡â#^¥iã^μ =~¡â#

Ì„á =iâOz# Jyß ã„¬=¶^¥#O`Ç~¡O fã="³°Ø# =~¡Â=ò ㄬ|eOk.

Ç Î#O Ç~¡O XH› Hê@H›O ‹¬°|Ä#ßÀ„@#° KÇ°@°“ =ò\÷“Ok. P ¥iã^¥¼xß =i⋬¶ë

q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œ~¡° '' Jã•° g°^Î „¬ôO_È°…èx Z^ΰí…è^ΰ. H›_È°„¬ô…Õx Z=òH›•° …ÿH›ø

Ì„@“~Œx „¬‰×Ã=ô…è ΰ. ζ_È ã|uH÷†Çò#ß †Ç¶=ô…è ΰ. ã|uH÷†Çò#ß Î¶_È#°

KǶ‹²ä›•_¨ Q®_• ζ_È †Ç°#°Hù#=•‹²# Í.ÑÑ22

Jx ã"Œ‹²# "ŒH꼕° „¬‰×ˬO„¬ Î䛽, P^•¥i Ç㇕H›$ Ç[#r=<ŒxH÷

ZO ÇöHÁ‰§xß H›eyOKŒ†³¶ q=i‹¬°ë<Œß~ò.

ª•^•¥~¡}OQê ~¡zOKÍ ‹¬xß"͉§• ~¡KÇ#…Õ ZO`Ë ‹¬~¡ ×OQê ª•y#

q‰×Þ<Œ^ŠÎ"Œi …èdx „¬~¡°Q®°•° ㄬH›$u=~¡â#• q+¬†Ç°O…Õ J<ÍHË„¬=¶#"³°Ø

22. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 559.

21. ®ªs[LiVVxms²R¶gRiÌÁV, xmsoÈÁ. 557, 558

„¬ô@ 86

‹¬O‹¬ø $ Ç„¬ Î|O^•Î†ÇòH›ë"³°Ø •¥~Œ‰×Ãk•œ†³Ø° ª•Qê~ò. WO Ç q‹¬ë $ ÇOQê q=~¡}ì ÇàH›OQê

ㄬH›$u =~¡â#•° KÍ‹²# ~¡KÇ~ò Ç P^•Î°xH› =KÇ#ª•‚²ì Ǽ^•Ë~¡}°•…Õ q‰×Þ<Œ ŠÎ"Œ~¡°

Ç„¬æ =°~ùH›~¡° …è=#_ÈO Ju‰×†³¶H÷ë Hê ΰ.