visualizing the non-visual spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents...
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Visualizing the Non-VisualSpatial Analysis and Interaction with
Information from Text Documents
Wise, Thomas, Pennock, Lantrip, Pottier, Schur, and Crow
Presented By: Cyntrica Eaton
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Presentation Overview Paper Description
Contributions
Current State
Critique
References
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Paper Description Motivation
Approach
Visualization Paradigms Galaxies Themescapes
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MVAB Multidimensional Visualization and
Advanced Browsing Project
Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories were interested
in solving the problem of information overload for Intelligence analysts.
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Motivation Modern information technologies have contributed to an
increased availability of information.
Accompanying the increasing quantity of available information is a subsequently decreasing quantity of time to locate and absorb it.
The ability to overview large document corpora and get information without the heavy cognitive processes involved in language processing will improve the search process.
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Approach Problem of processing large amounts of text can
be solved if text is spatialized in manner that takes advantage of human perceptual abilities.
Visual processing take place in parallel on the retinal level and is: Relatively effortless Exceptionally fast Not additive to cognitive workload
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ApproachTransform text into visualizations that:
Communicate through images instead of prose.
Preserve information characteristics from documents.
Represent textual content and meaning without the need to read it in the normal manner.
Reveal thematic patterns and relationships between documents in ways in which the natural world is perceived.
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SPIRE Spatial Paradigm for Information Retrieval
and Exploration
Developed to facilitate the browsing and selection of documents from large corpora
Two major approaches: Galaxies Themescapes
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Galaxies and ThemescapesDisplay metaphor rationale:
Each paradigm offers a rich variety of cognitive spatial affordances that naturally address the problems of text visualization.
Spatial perceptual mechanisms that operate on the real world will respond analogously to synthetic cues.
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Paradigm Overviews Galaxies
Point clusters suggest patterns of interest
Themescapes Topographies of peaks and valleys that can
easily be detected based on contour patterns.
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Paradigm Overviews Both allow for overview + detail without a
change of view.
Each view offers a different perspective of the same information.
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Galaxies Two-dimensional scatterplot of ‘docupoints’ that
appear like stars in the night sky.
Computes word similarities and patterns in documents and communicates similarity via proximity.
Provides a first cut at sifting through information and determining how the contents of a document base are related.
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Types
Treatment
Case Studies
…..
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Types
Treatment
Case Studies
…..
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Themescapes Three-dimensional relief map of themes within the
document corpora themes.
Complex surfaces convey information about topics or themes found within the corpus without cognitive load of reading
Terrain simultaneously communicates: Primary themes of an arbitrarily large collection of
documents. Measure of relevance in the corpus. Similarity of themes.
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ThemescapesGlance provides visual thematic summary of the entire corpus Elevation: Theme strength
Shapes: Information distribution
Proximity: Content Similarity
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Themescapes Utilizes human abilities for pattern
recognition and spatial reasoning
Employs communicative invariance across levels of textual scale Entire document corpus Cluster of documents Individual documents
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Summarization Reading is a slow, serial process of
mentally encoding a document.
Text visualizations can overcome much of the user limitations that result from accessing and trying to read from large document bases.
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Summarization
Visual cues can offer readers a way to employ their primarily preattentive, parallel processing powers of visual perception.
Galaxy and landscape metaphors allow the cognitive and visual processes that enable our spatial interactions with the natural world to be applied to the search process.
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Contributions Prior visualization approaches offered methods
for visualization of structured, hierarchical text.
Free text visualization was relatively unexamined.
MVAB Project produced novel methods for interaction with large amounts of text.
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Current Project Status Correlation Tool
WebTheme
ThemeRiver
Rainbow
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Romeo
Tybalt
Love
Caesar
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Critique The visualization paradigms were
discussed in a straight-forward manner.
There was, however, a deficiency of example figure explanations.
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My Favorite Sentence [The] perceptual processes involved are the
results of millions of years of selective mammalian and primate evolution, and have become biologically tuned to seeing in the natural world.
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References Information Retrieval
Information Visualization
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Visualizing the Non-VisualSpatial Analysis and Interaction with
Information from Text Documents
Questions?
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Technical Considerations Clear definition of text Way to transform text into a different visual form
that retains high dimensional invariants of natural language.
Suitable mathematical procedures and analytical measures must be defined as the foundation of the visualizations
Database management system must be designed to store and manage text
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Technical Considerations Way to transform text into a different visual form
that retains high dimensional invariants of natural language. Text has statistical and semantic attributes such as
frequency and context and combination of words in themes and topics
Differences between texts statistical and semantic compositions provide much of opportunity for text visualizations described in this paper.
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Approach A set of measures which characterize the text in
meaningful ways provide for multiple perspective of documents and their relationships to one another.
One measure is similarity Based on occurrences and context of key words or
other extracted features measure of similarity can be computed that reflect relatedness between documents.
In a visualization, similarity can be shown as proximity or congruity to form.