Visual Vocabulary Linda Tran

Bitumen A degraded petroleum

that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of Earth and is modified by bacteria

Pipelines transporting tar sands crude oil into the United States are carrying “DilBit”—raising risks of spills and damage to communities along their paths.

Boreal Forest A forest made up

primarily for coniferous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and short growing seasons

Human interference and industrial development increasingly threatens the range of resource extraction and other activities.

Bottleneck Effect

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

Biodiversity

Bottom Ash Residue collected at the

bottom of the combustion chamber

Aggregate in road bases, sub-bases, and pavement

Feed stock in the production of cement

Aggregate in lightweight concrete products

Snow and ice traction control material

Broad- Spectrum Pesticide A pesticide that

kills many different types of pest

The increased used of pesticides will lead to the pesticide treadmill

Round Up increases the resistances of non target and target species

Bycatch

The unintentional catch of non-target species while fishing

Resources from fisheries are depleting due to the wasteful nature of the fishing industry

C Horizon

The least-weathered soil horizon, which always occur beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material

Newly formed "immature" soils may only have an O-A-C

Capacity

In reference to an electricity-generating plant, the maximum electrical output

As our resources are depleting the capacity of electrical output decreases

Capacity Factor

The fraction of time a power plant operates in a year

From the chart, one can see that the fuels with the highest capacity factors are the ones that are nonrenewable and most toxic

Cap-and-Trade An approach to controlling

CO2 emissions, where a cap places an upper limit on the amount of pollutant that can be emitted and trade allows companies to buy and sell allowances for a given amount of pollution

Acid Rain Program and the regional NOx Budget Trading Program in the Northeast SO2 emissions from Acid Rain

Program sources have fallen