visual thinking colin_ware_lectures_2013_3_findability
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Vision+Basic Vision+ The process and what The process and what
stands outstands out
CH1 – CH2 + supplimentary
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2D Scalar
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Arctic Sea Ice Volume (1D Scalar)
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17.5K
~3K
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Data Classes
Scalar Field• 1D• 2D• 3D
Vector Field• 1D• 2D• 3D
Time Varying• All of the above
Discrete• 1D• K-dimensional
Nominal• Overlapping sets of data
with multiple nominal attributes
Graph G = {V,E}• Tree• Directed acyclic• Weighted graph• Hyper graph
What is a map?
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Human Visual Field
aa
100
80
60
LEFT RIGHT
40
20
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Visual Angle
dr
h
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1 diopter: a lens that focuses at 1 meter.
45d Cornea
~15d Lens
d = 1/f
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Acuities
Vernier super acuity (10 sec)
Grating acuityTwo Point acuity (0.5 min)
What is the ideal resolution
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CAVE
Resolution problems Light scattering problems
iPhone
960x640 5 cm
1280x1280
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CAVE
Resolution problems Light scattering
problems
iPhone
960x640 5 cm
1280x1280128 pixels/degree
14 pixels/deg
16,000 pixels/ deg2196 pixels/ deg2
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Human Spatial Acuity
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Cutoff at 50 cycles/deg.
Receptors: 20 sec of arc Pooled over larger and larger areas 100 million receptors 1 million fibers to brain A desktop screen may have 30 pixels/cm
– need about 4 times as much. I phones better. VR displays have 5 pixels/cm
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Aliasing and Anti aliasing
Input pattern
Output pattern
Pixel matrix
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Temporal Aliasing
Human Flicker fusion 50 Hz Temporal aliasing occurs with moving
targets Must compute motion blur to fix the
problem
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Acuity Distribution
aaa
10 30 50103050
Distance from Fovea (deg.)
100
80
60
40
20
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Brain Pixels
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Visual search
a
VisualSearch orMonitoringStrategy
EyeMovementControl
Useful VisualField of View
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The Process of Visual Thinking
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Spotfire product
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What we can easily find :CH2
Visual search depends on• Salience (low level properties)• Tuning of low level properties• Search skills (knowledge)
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V1 processing
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Pre-Attentive Processing
a
89739057092794057962976509829408028085080830802809850-802808567847298872ty458202094757720021789843890r455790456099272188897594797902855892594573979209
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Color is Pre-Attentive (Pops out)
aa
897 90570927940579629765098294080280850808 0802809850-802808567847298872ty45820209475772002178984 890r45579045609927218889759479790285589259457 979209
33
33
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Generic Pre-Attentive Experiment
a
3 6 12
Number of distractors
500
700
900 Number of irrelevant items varies
Pre-attentive 10 msec per item or better.
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Color
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Orientation
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Motion
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Size
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Simple shading
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Conjunction (does not pop out)
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Semantic Depth of Field
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Channels = perceptual dimensions
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Symbol Coding
ColorChannel
FormChannel
MotionChannel
HueSatLuminance
SizeOrientElong
VerticalHorizontalBlinking
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Relevance
Symbol design (nominal coding) Highlighting, - search guidance. Glyph design (quantititive symbols)
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Mapping data to display variablesData glyphs
Position (2) Orientation (1) Size (spatial frequency) Motion (2)++ Blinking? Color (3)
Note we have the problem of heterogeneity – There is no good solution
Star glyphMethod
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Starplot glyph
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How many dimensions?
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Surplus Data into Art?
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Symbols
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Redundant codingOutliers on feature dimensions
are more easily seen
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A symbol set designed for rapid search
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Asymmetries in search
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Highlighting methods
Add something rather than subtract something
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Motion Highlighting
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We are very sensitive to motion in theperiphery. (Peterson and Dugas, 1972)
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How to make a reminder-emergence (Hillstrom and Yanti, 1994)
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Search as a process
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Search as a process
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Heirarchical designaids search
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The process (again)
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