visual dictionary
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Visual Dictionary for BSCI Materials, Methods, and Equipment 1TRANSCRIPT
Visual DictionaryJeff Brock
Materials, Methods, and Equipment ISpring 2010
Air Barrier Paper
Air Barrier Paper is a type of sheet material used for both a vapor retarder and air barrier. In this picture the Air Barrier Paper is stapled to the sheathing to offer as an Air/Vapor barrier.
Attic Ventilationsoffit vent
The Soffit Vent is above my hand. The white strip with holes to vent the attic.It is needed to allow air to flow into the attic or below the roof sheathing.
Attic VentilationRidge Vent
The Ridge Vent is the elevated top black surface running on the top of the ridge of the roof. It runs the entire stretch of the roof ridge.It is needed to allow air to flow in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.
Attic VentilationGable vent
The gable Vent is at the top of the Gable in the roof.It is needed to exhaust excess heat and humidity from the attic.
Attic VentilationRoof Turbine
The roof turbine is the black ball and cylinder looking object at the top of the roof. It is needed to exhaust warm and moist air from your attic.
Backhoe
A backhoe is an excavator whose bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged pole on the boom and is drawn backward to the machine when in operation.
The backhoe is commonly used for excavating dirt or digging into the ground.
Bucket Dimensions:Width-41 inchesHeight- 68 inchesDepth- 60 inches
Batter Boards
Batter Boards are a temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie in the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.
Brick ArchesJack Arch
This is a Jack Arch because all joints are uniform. It also contains a skewback, approximately 2 in. per foot of span.
Brick ArchesSegmental Arch
This is a segmental Arch. It uses 3 courses of Rowlock bricks.
Brick ArchesArch with Keystone
This Arch has a Keystone( the large stone lying in the center of the arch).
Brick ArchesCentering
In this picture, the brick lays on top of a curved RED metal lintel like centering device.
Centering: Temporary form work for an arch, dome, or vault.
Brick Bonds
Running Bond
Brick Bonds
AmericanBond
Brick Bonds
Rowlocks
Brick Bonds
Headers
Brick Bonds
Soldiers
Brick Bonds
Stretcher Rowlocks (Shiners)
Brick Bonds
Sailors
Brick Sizes
Grey Brick- SmallerRed Brick- Larger
Brick Sizes
Red Brick:Utility BrickFace Dimensions:3 ½ in- 11 ½ in
W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 11 ½
UTILITY BRICK
Brick Sizes
Grey Brick:Modular Brick
Face Dimensions:3 ½ in – 7 5/8 in
W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 7 5/8
MODULAR BRICK
Brick Sizes
White brick- smallerRed Brick- larger
Brick Sizes
Red Brick:Norman Brick
Face Dimensions:3 ½ in by 11 ½
W-H-L3 ½ - 2 ¼ - 11 ½
NORMAN BRICK
Brick Sizes
White Brick:Modular Brick
Face Dimensions:3 ½ in – 7 5/8 in
W-H-L3 ½- 3 ½- 7 5/8
MODULAR BRICK
Bulldozer
A BULLDOZER is a heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front.
Cladding
Brick
Cladding
EIFS
Cladding
Stone
Cladding
Wood Boards
Cladding
Wood Shake
A shake is a wooden shingle that is made from split logs.
This wooden shake is made from real wood.
Code RequirementsEgress Window
Egress Window:Minn. Width- 31 in.Minn. Height- 28 in.Net opening-6.03 sqft Height above sill
24in.
Code Requirement:Minn . Width-20 inMinn . Height- 24inNet oprning- 5.7 sqftMax height above sill-Less then 44 in.
Code RequirementsStairs
Stairs:Tred: 10 inRiser: 7 ½
Code Requirements:Tred:10 in minnimumRiser: 7 ¾ in max.
Concrete Joints
Control Joint:An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.
Concrete Joints
Isolation Joint:A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact.
This isolation joint isolates the driveway from the owner’s front walkway. Using a piece of treated lumber.
Concrete Masonry Unit
3 courses of brick=
1 CMU height
Concrete Masonry Unit
2 Different sized CMULARGER= 12inchSMALLER= 4inch
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units
Split Block CMU
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units
Ribbed Block
Doors
Flush Door
Doors
Panel Door:
Orange arrow: panelBlue arrow: Top RailRed arrow: lock railGreen arrow: stileYellow arrow: bottom rail
Doors
Transom:A small window directly above the door.
Doors
Sidelight:A small narrow window along side a door.
Electrical ComponentsTransformer Box
TRANSFORMER BOX:A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another. The transformer box is used to transform the electric current sent from the power plant into a safe current allowable to enter the house.
Electrical ComponentsService Head
SERVICE HEAD:The service point from the main circuit line to the structure. These service heads can come in: A Tie-In, Lateral, or actual service line.
This service head is an example of a panel box.
Electrical ComponentsMeter
METER:The meter is used to calculate the amount of kW/h of electricity that the home uses.The power company comes out an measures this amount and sends it to you in you electricity bill.
The National average of kW/h for March of 2010 was 12 cents.
Electrical ComponentsService Panel
SERVICE PANEL:A panel located inside the house from which the different circuits run through. The panel is often called a “breaker box”. It absorbs the electricity from the main line and distributes it to other circuits.
Electrical ComponentsDuplex Receptacle
DUPLEX RECEPTACLE:The duplex receptacle is often referred to as an “outlet”. It provides an outlet source of electricity for all sorts of electric devices.
Framing Elements
1. Anchor Bolt
Framing Elements
2. Sill Plate
Framing Elements
3. Floor joist
This house uses Trusses as floor joists.
Framing Elements
4. Subflooring
Framing Elements
5. Sole Plate
Framing Elements
6. Stud
Framing Elements
7. Top Plate
Framing Elements
8. Stringer
Framing Elements
9. Ceiling Joist
Framing Elements
10. Rafter
Framing Elements
11. Roof Decking
Framing Elements
12. Sheathing
Front End Loader
Front End Loader:Is a heavy equipment machine (often used in construction) that is primarily used to "load" material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into an assortment of things. ( i.e. dump trucks)
Gypsum Board
Gypsum Board:An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall, plasterboard.
In this picture the gypsum board is installed with taped and mudded joints.
Heat PumpCompressor/ Evaporator
Heat Pump:A device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or to cool a building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or the evaporator coils, respectively.
Advantage: popular choice due to their simple ‘plug and play’ installation and competitive pricing
Disadvantage: Air source heat pumps perform better in mild temperate. In climates with extended periods of freezing temperatures, they force users to use electric or gas heaters
Heat PumpAir Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit:The heat pump’s air handling unit is used to direct air to the central air line.
Insulation
Batt/Blanket Insulation
Purpose: Batt/Blanket Insulation is used to insulate below floors, above ceilings, and within walls. Generally, batt insulation is the least expensive wall insulation material but requires careful installation for effective performance.
Insulation
Loose Fill Insulation
Purpose: Loose Fill Insulation includes loose fibers or fiber pellets that are blown into building cavities or attics using special equipment. It generally costs more than batt insulation. However, it usually fills nooks and crannies easier, reduces air leakage better, and provides better sound insulation than natt-type insulation.
Insulation
Foamed Insulation
Purpose: foam insulation is a two-part liquid containing a polymer (such as polyurethane or modified urethane) and a foaming agent. The liquid is sprayed through a nozzle into wall, ceiling, and floor cavities. As it is applied it expands into a solid cellular plastic with millions of tiny air-filled cells that fill every nook and cranny
Insulation
Rigid Board Insulation
Purpose:Rigid board insulation is commonly made from fiberglass, polystyrene, or polyurethane and comes in a variety of thicknesses with a high insulating value (approximately R-4 to R-8 per inch). This type of insulation is used for reproofing work on flat roofs, on basement walls and as perimeter insulation at concrete slab edges, and in cathedral ceilings.
Lintel
Lintel:STEEL LINTEL
A LINTEL is a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.
Mortar
Raked JointTooled Joint5/8 in. Joint
Used on a Masonic Lodge.
Mortar Type: NMedium-strength Mortar
Mortar
Flush JointTrowled Joint5/8 in. Joint
Mortar Type: NMedium- Strength Mortar
Oriented Strand Board(OSB)
OSB:Building material composed of rectangular-shaped wood strands arranged in layers at right angles to one another, laid up into mats that form a panel and bonded with waterproof adhesives. Cross orientation makes the panels strong and stiff in both directions, and they contain no laps, gaps, or voids
Plumbing
Lavatory:
Size of Drain:1 ½ in.
Plumbing
Tub/ Shower In: During Framing
Plumbing
Water Closet
Size of Drain:3 in.
Plumbing
Plumbing Vent:A plumbing vent allows for building drains to flow freely as well as let sewer gases be vented safely outdoors.
Plumbing
Laundry Room Sink
Drop In Sink
Plywood
Plywood: A cross banded assembly of layers of veneer or veneer in combination with a lumber core or plies joined with an adhesive; the grain of the adjoining veneer or plies is approximately at right angles; an odd number of plies is generally used. Two primary types of plywood are recognized, “veneer plywood” (layers of veneers only) and “lumber core” plywood (lumber core with veneers or plies bonded to it).
Veneer: coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood
Radiant Barrier
Radiant Barrier:Radiant Barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation.
Rebar
Rebar:½ in in diameter.#4 bar
The deformations on the surface of the rebar allow the rebar to make a gripping surface in the concrete. Without these deformations, you may be able to wiggle the rebar out of the concrete.
Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter:a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater
Steep RoofDrainage
Downspout:A downspout is a vertical pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter gutter to ground level.
Steep Roof Drainage
Splash Block:A pad placed under the lower end of a downspout and diverts the water from the downspout away from the house.
Steep Roof Materials
Underlayment: Felt Paper
Felt Paper:Tar paper, installed under roof shingles. Usually 15 lb. Or 30 lb.Filler (wood): A heavily pigmented preparation used for fining and leveling off the pores in open-pored woods.
Steep Roof Materials
Clay Tile Roof
Steep Roof Materials
Shingle Roof:A thin oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house or other building
Wooden Shingles
CLOSE UP ON FOLLOWING SLIDE!
Steep Roof Materials
Close up of Shingle Roof.
WOODEN SHINGLES
Steep Roof Materials
Metal Panel Roof
Usually fabricated of sheet metal such as aluminum.
Steep Roof Shapes
Gabel
Steep Roof Shapes
Gambrel
Steep Roof Shapes
Hip
Steep Roof Shapes
Mansard
Steep RoofTerms
Orange Arrow: RidgeThe top edge of a roof where two sloping sides meet.
Blue Arrow: ValleyThe "V" created where two sloping roofs meet.
Red arrow: EaveAn eave is the edge of a roof. Eaves usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection.
Steep Roof Terms
Rake: Orange ArrowA board or molding placed along the sloping sides of a frame gable to cover the ends of the siding
Soffit: Blue ArrowA soffit is the horizontal underside of a roof overhang, an archway, a staircase, a ceiling, or a similar architectural component.
Steep Roof Terms
Fascia:The exposed vertical face of an eave.
Steep Roof Terms
Building Without Fascia
Definition of a fascia on previous slide
As you can see in this photo, this side has a rake to cover the siding, but no soffit, and no fascia.
My face looks so dumb because it was pouring. F.Y.I.
Rake
No fascia
Stone
Random Rubble
Stone
Coursed Rubble
Stone
Random Ashlar
Stone
Coursed Ashlar
Vapor Retarder
Vapor Retarder:Helps control the amount of moisture passing through the insulation and collecting inside exterior walls, ceilings and floors
Most commonly put on the back of the insulation.
Waterproofing
Waterproofing:Coating a material to make it repel water.
The concrete is waterproofed to make sure that the concrete does not absorb water while it is below grade.
Liquid Applied waterproofing
Weep Hole
Weep Holes:small openings left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate.
Welded Wire Fabric
Welded Wire Fabric:A series of longitudinal and transverse wires of various gauges, arranged at right angles to each other and welded at all points of intersection; used for concrete slab reinforcement.
Grid Measurements:6 in .by 6 in.
Windows
Double Hung Window:
This is a double hung window because both the top and bottom panels move freely up and down the rails to allow top and bottom to both be open.
Windows
Casement Window:
This is an out swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window. It swings outward using a crank to turn as it opens the window.
Windows
Awning Window:
This an out swinging awning window because it is hinged along the top of the window. This allows the window to be pushed open from the bottom and hang outwardly open.