VISUAL BASIC (Teach yourself)

1-ð á¿ëýã

Visual Basic –èéí ýðãýí òîéðîíäîõ õàéãóóë

1.1Visual Basic-èéã ýõë¿¿ëýõ áà ýðãýí òîéðîíä õàðàõ

1.2Öîíõíû õýðýãë¿¿ð¿¿äèéã àëãà áîëãîõ áîëîí ãàðãàõ

1.3Do Nothing òºñºë ¿¿ñãýõ

1.4Do Nothing òºñºëòýé àæèëëàõ

1.5Do Nothing òºñëèéã õàäãàëàõ

1.6Do Nothing òºñëèéã íýýõ áà à÷ààëàõ

1.1 Visual Basic-èéã ýõë¿¿ëýõ áà ýðãýí òîéðîíä õàðàõ

Visual Basic ïðîãðàììûã àæèëëóóëàõäàà äýëãýöèéí Desktop äýýðõ Visual Basic-

èéí Icon áóþó øèãòãýý çóðãèéã äàðæ ýñâýë Start/Programs/ Microsoft Visual

Studio 6.0/ Visual Basic 6.0 äàðààëëààð à÷ààëæ áîëîõ þì. Çóðàã 1.1-ñ õàðíà

óó.

Çóðàã 1.1 VB-ã à÷ààëëàõ

Visual Basic-èéí àæëûí îðîí çàé

Öîíõ íü äàðààõ õýñã¿¿äýýñ á¿ðäýíý: (Çóðàã 1.2)

Äýëãýöèéí äýýä òàëä Title Bar áóþó ãàð÷ãèéí ìºð áàéíà.

Äýëãýöèéí ãàð÷èãàíä Project1-Microsoft Visual Basic ãýñýí áè÷èã ìºðèéí

ç¿¿í òàëä áàéõ áîëíî.

1

Ãàð÷ãèéí ìºðíèé äîîð òîãòìîë Menu Bar áóþó öýñíèé ìºð áàéðëàíà. Ýíä: File,

Edit, View, Project, Format, Debug, Run, Query, Diagram, Tools, Add-Ins,

Window, Help ãýñýí õýñýã öýñíèé êîìàíäóóä áàéðëàíà.

Toolbar-òîâ÷èí êîìàíäûí áóþó õýðýãë¿¿ðèéí ìºð íü Menu Bar-èéí äîîð

áàéðëàíà.

Toolbar-èéí áàðóóí òàëä êîîðäèíàòûí öîíõ áàéðëàíà.

Êîîðäèíàòûí öîíõíû áàðóóí òàëä ýëåìåíòèéí õýìæýýã çààõ õýìæýýíèé öîíõ

áàéíà.

Äýëãýöíèé òºâ õýñýãò Form áóþó õýâ áàéðëàíà. Òýð íü äýâñãýðèéí ºíãº

íü ñààðàë, ìºí öýã¿¿äýýð áèò¿¿ á¿ðõýãäñýí áàéíà.

Ôîðìûí äýýä òîëãîéä ôîðìûí ãàð÷ãèéí ìºð áóþó caption bar ãýæ áàéíà.

Caption-ä “Form1” ãýñýí áè÷èã èäýâõòýé áàéíà.

Ôîðìûí ç¿¿í òàëä Toolbox áàéíà.

Ôîðìûí áàðóóí òàëä Project Window (Òºñëèéí öîíõ) áàéíà.

Properties Window (Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõ) òºñëèéí öîíõíû äîîð áàéðëàíà.

Çóðàã 1.2 VB-èéí öîíõíû á¿òýö

Visual Basic-èéã õààõ áóþó ãàðàõ

VB-ïðîãðàììûã õààõäàà äàðààõ àðãóóäààð ã¿éöýòãýæ áîëíî.

2

Ãàð÷ãèéí ìºðíèé áàðóóí áóëàí äàõü ÷àãò õýëáýðèéí -icon-èéã õóëãàíààð

äàðíà.

File/Exit

Ãàðààñ Alt+F4 äàðæ áîëîõ þì.

1.2 Öîíõíû õýðýãë¿¿ð¿¿äèéã àëãà áîëãîõ áîëîí ãàðãàõ1.3

2. File/Remove (Remove File)-Òºñºë äýõ ôàéëûã àðèëãàõ 纺õ.

3. Ôîðìûí öîíõûã õààñàí ¿åä (ýíý ¿åä Properties Window äîòîðõ ä¿ðñ

òýìäýãëýãýý àëãà áîëíî.) íýýõäýý Project Window öîíõíîîñ -

äýýð õîñ äàðàëò õèéíý. (Çóðàã 1.3-ñ õàðíà óó)

Çóðàã 1.3 Ôîðìûí öîíõûã ãàðãàõ

4. Properties Window-èéã õààñàí ¿åä íýýõäýý äýëãýöíèé õýðýãë¿¿ðèéí -

ä¿ðñýíä õóëãàíû çààã÷ààð äàðíà.

Visual Basic-ò îáüåêòûã õýìæèõäýý Twips ãýäýã íýãæ õýðýãëýíý.

1 inch=1440 twips

567 twips=1 centimeter òýíöäýã þì áàéíà.

5. Project Window-ã õààñàí ¿åä toolbar äîòðîîñ -Project õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã

äàðíà.

6. Õýðýâ Toolbox-èéã õààñàí òîõèîëäîëä View/Toolbox êîìàíäûã

õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõýä ë õàíãàëòòàé þì.

Visual Basic-èéí öîíõíóóäûí áàéðëàë áîëîí õýìæýýã ººð÷ëºõ

Ìàãàäã¿é òà õèéõ öîíõíûõîî áàéðëàë, õýìæýýã ººð÷ëºõèéã õ¿ñýæ áîëîõ þì.

Õýðýâ Form1-èéí áàéðëàëûã ººð÷ëºõèéã õ¿ñâýë ò¿¿íèé ãàð÷ãèéí ìºðºí äýýð

õóëãàíû çààëòóóðààð äàðæ ÷èðýí äóðòàé ãàçðàà òàâèíà. Õàðèí õýìæýýã íü

ººð÷ëºõ人 õóëãàíû çààã÷ûã Çóðàãò 1.4-ò õàðóóëñàí øèã áîëñîí ¿åä ººð÷ëºíº.

3

Çóðàã 1.4 Ôîðìûí õýìæýýã ººð÷ëºõ

1.3 “Do Nothing” òºñºë ¿¿ñãýõ

“Do Nothing” (þó ÷ õèéõã¿é-ã¿éöýòãýõã¿é) òºñºë íü õèéñâýð æèøýý þì.

Ò¿¿íèéã ¿¿ñãýñýí ¿åä óã öîíõ íü ÿìàð÷ ¿éëäýë õèéõã¿é þì. Ýíý òºñëèéã õèéñíýýð

ôîðì áîëîí öîíõíû òóõàé îéëãîëòòîé áîëíî. Óã ôîðì íü VB-èéí îbject áóþó îáüåêò þì.

Ò¿¿íèéã ¿¿ñãýõäýý VB-èéã ýõë¿¿ëýí Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû ¿íäñýí áè÷èãëýëèéã

àæèãëàõ õýðýãòýé. ¯¿íýýñ “Form1” áè÷ãèéã “Do Nothing” áîëãîõûí òóëä:

1. Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû “Caption Property”-ã äàðíà. (Caption-ãàð÷èã)

Çóðàã 1.5 Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

2. Ò¿¿íèé àðä áè÷ñýí Form1-èéã àðèëãàí “Do Nothing” ãýæ áè÷íý.

3. Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà. Çóðàã 1.5-ñ õàðíà óó.

Òàéëáàð

Îáüåêòûí òºðºë Îáüåêòûí íýð Property-øèíæ

÷àíàð

Default Setting-

¯íäñýí áàéäàë

Change Setting-

Ñîëèñîí áàéäàë

Form Form1 Caption Form1 Do Nothing

Õ¿ñíýãò 1.1

1.4 “Do Nothing” òºñëèéã àæèëëóóëàõ (RUN)¯¿íèé òóëä Toolbar-èéí Start õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã äàðíà. Çóðàã 1.6-ñ õàðíà óó.

4Çóðàã 1.6 Òºñëèéã àæèëëóóëàõ

¯¿íèéã äàðñàíû äàðàà ïðîãðàìì àæèëëàæ ãàð÷ãèéí ìºð Project1-Microsoft Visual

Basic (Run) áîëñîí áàéíà. Óã àæèëëàãààã äóóñãàõäàà End õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã äàðíà.

1.5 “Do Nothing” òºñëèéã õàäãàëàõ

“Do Nothing” òºñëèéã õàäãàëàõûí òóëä 2 ôàéë õàäãàëíà.

¯¿íä: Form File-ôîðì ôàéë

Project File-òºñºë ôàéë

Ýäãýýð ôàéëûã õàäãàëàõäàà õàðãàëçàí äàðààõ êîìàíäóóäûã ã¿éöýòãýíý:

File/Save File

File/Save Project

Ôàéëàà ìàíàé æèøýýí äýýð “Teach Yourself Visual Basic” õàâòàñ ¿¿ñãýí ò¿¿í

äîòðîî “Do Nothing” ãýæ õàäãàëíà. Ôîðì ôàéë íü *.frm ºðãºòãºëòýé. Æèøýý íü:

Do Nothing.frm

Òºñºë ôàéë íü *.vbp ºðãºòãºëòýé. Æèøýý íü: Do Nothing.vbp

Õàðèí îäîî òºñëèéí öîíõ íü äýëãýöýíä äàðààõ áàéäàëòàé õàðàãäàíà. Çóðàã 1.7

Çóðàã 1.7 Òºñëèéí öîíõíû õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

1.7 Do Nothing òºñëèéã à÷ààëàõ áóþó íýýõ1.8

1. Øèíýýð íýýõ áîë äàðààõ êîìàíäûã õýðýãæ¿¿ëíý: File/New Project

2. ¯¿ñãýñýí ôàéëàà íýýõ áîë: File/Open Project êîìàíä ã¿éöýòãýíý. ̺í äàðààõ

òîâ÷èí êîìàíäûã äàðæ ã¿éöýòãýæ áîëíî. Çóðàã 1.8

Çóðàã 1.8 Ôàéë íýýõ òîâ÷èí êîìàíä

Ìàíàé æèøýýíèé õóâüä: Teach Yourself Visual Basic õàâòàñíààñ Do Nothing-èéã

ñîíãîæ Open òîâ÷èéã äàðíà. Ýñâýë Do Nothing äýýð õîñ äàðàëò õèéíý. Ò¿¿íèéã

à÷ààëñàíû äàðàà äýëãýö, Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõ õîîñîí áàéíà. Èéìä ôîðìûã íýýõ 5

õýðýãòýé. ¯¿íèé òóëä áèä ôîðìûí ôàéëûí íýðýí äýýð (ìàíàé æèøýýíèé õóâüä Do

Nothing.frm) áóþó òºñëèéí öîíõíîîñ õîñ äàðàëò õèéíý. Îäîî ôîðìûí õýëáýð

äýëãýöýíä õàðàãäàíà. (Çóðàã 1.9-ñ õàðíà óó)

Çóðàã 1.9 Do nothing òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

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2-ð á¿ëýã

Ôîðìûã àøèãëàõ áóþó ýíãèéí òºñºëä êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ õýðýãëýõ

2.1 Öººí õýäýí àëõàìààð ýíãèéí òºñºë õèéõ

2.2 “Äóó” (Beep) òºñºë õèéõ

2.3 Òºñ뺺 ººð÷ëºõ ñàéæðóóëàõ

2.4 “Õóãàöàà” (Time) òºñºë ã¿éöýòãýõ

2.5 ªºðèéí íýðèéã õýâëýõ, ìºí áóñàä òýìäýãòòýé àæèëëàõ

2.6 Ôîðìûí òóõàé èë¿¿ èõèéã ñóðàëöàõ

2.7 VB-èéíõýý òºñºëä çàðèì õýðýãë¿¿ð íýìýõ

2.1 Öººí õýäýí àëõàìààð ýíãèéí òºñºë õèéõ

File/New Project êîìàíäûã õýðýãæ¿¿ëíý. Ãàðñàí ôîðì äýýð Toolbox äîòðîîñ

Command Button òîâ÷èéã äàðæ êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ ¿¿ñãýíý. Ýíý ¿åä äýëãýöýíä ¿íäñýí

õýëáýðýýðýý “Command1” íýðòýé ãàðíà.

Óã òºñºëä îðîõ àëõàìóóä:

1. Øèíý òºñºë ¿¿ñãýíý.

2. Êîä áè÷íý.

3. Õàäãàëíà.

4. Àæèëëóóëàõ

2.2 “Äóó” (Beep) òºñºë õèéõ

1) Øèíýýð òºñºë ýõë¿¿ëíý.

2) Êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ áóñàä ç¿éëèéã çóðæ áýëòãýíý.

3) Óã êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èíä êîä áè÷èõ áóþó ïðîöåäóð áè÷íý.

4) Òºñëèéã õàäãàëíà. ¯¿íä: ôîðì ôàéëûã Beep#1.frm, òºñºë ôàéëûã

Beep#1.vbp ãýæ òóñ òóñ íýðëýíý.

5) Òºñ뺺 àæèëëóóëíà.

Òºñëèéí àæëûí õ¿ñíýãò

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð-

Property

¯íäñýí áàéäàë-Default

Setting

ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàë-Final

Setting

Òàéëáàð

Form1 Caption-ãàð÷èã Form1 Beep#1

Name-íýð Form1 Form1 ººð÷ëºõã¿

é

ªðãºí 6810 6000

7

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð-

Property

¯íäñýí áàéäàë-Default

Setting

ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàë-Final

Setting

Òàéëáàð

Óðò 6345 3600

Command

1

Caption Command1 Beep

Name Command1 Command1 ººð÷ëºõã¿

é

ªðãºí 1215 1245 ººð÷ëºõã¿

é

Óðò 495 495 ººð÷ëºõã¿

é

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.1

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯ð ä¿í Õàðèó õèéõ ¿éëäýë

Form1 None None

Command1 Click Äóó äóóãàðàõ-Sound a beep.

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.2

Óã òºñëèéí ôîðìûí ãàð÷ãèéã ººð÷ëºõ人:

1) Form1 –èéã ñîíãîæ äàðíà.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ (property window) Caption-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) Beep#1 ãýæ áè÷ýýä Enter äàðíà.

Çóðàã 2.1 Òàéëáàðûí öîíõîíä ãàð÷èã ººð÷ëºõ áàéäàë

Õàðèí ôîðìûí õýìæýýã ººð÷ëºõ人 äàðààõ àëõàìûã ã¿éöýòãýíý:

1) Form1-ã ñîíãîíî. ¯¿íèé òóëä ôîðìûí ä¿ðñýí äýýð õóëãàíû çààëòóóðààð íýã

äàðàõàä ë õàíãàëòòàé þì.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Width-ã ñîíãîíî.

3) 6000 ãýæ áè÷íý. Ýíý óã ôîðìûí ºðãºíèéã 6000twips áîëãîæ áàéãàà õýðýã

þì.

8

4) ̺í Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Height-ã ñîíãîíî.

5) 3600 ãýæ áè÷ýýä Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Îäîî Form1 äýýð êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ õèéå. ¯¿íèé òóëä Toolbox-ñ Command Button

õýðýãë¿¿ð äýýð õîñ äàðàëò (Double-Click) õèéíý. (Çóðàã 2.2-ñ õàðíà óó. )

Çóðàã 2.2 “Êîìàíäûí òîâ÷” õýðýãë¿¿ðèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Ýíý ¿åä Form1-èéí äóíä “Command1” ãýñýí ãàð÷èãòàé êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ ¿¿ñíý. Óã

òîâ÷èéã çàñâàðëàõäàà äàðààõ ¿éëäë¿¿äèéã õèéíý:

1) “Command1 “ òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîæ èäýâõæ¿¿ëýõ áóþó äàðíà.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) “Beep” ãýæ áè÷ýýä Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Ýäãýýðèéí äàðàà ôîðìíû õýëáýð Çóðàã 2.3-ò õàðóóëñàí áàéäàëòàé õàðàãäàõ

áîëíî.

9

Çóðàã 2.3 Ôîðìûí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Îäîî óã òîâ÷íû ïðîãðàìì áóþó êîäûã áè÷íý. Óã òîâ÷èéã íýã äàðàõàä ã¿éöýòãýõ ¿ð

ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã (Event procedure) Command_Click ãýæ íýðëýíý.

Îáüåêòûí òºðºë Îáüåêòûí íýð Event Name Event procedure Name

Command

Button

Command1 Click Command1_Click

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.3

Òà êîäûã Code Window áóþó êîäíû öîíõîíä áè÷íý. Ò¿¿íèéã íýýõäýý Command1

òîâ÷èéã õîñ äàðàëò õèéíý. Çóðàã 2.4-ñ õàðíà óó.

Çóðàã 2.4 Êîäíû öîíõíû õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Êîìàíäûí êîä íü òîãòñîí õýëáýðýýð ýõýëæ òºãñºíº.

10

Îäîî ã¿éöýòãýõ ïðîöåäóðûã áè÷üå. Èíãýõèéí òóëä ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí êóðñîð

áàéðëàæ áàéãàà ãàçàð Beep ãýæ áè÷íý. Ýíý íü äóóò äîõèî ºãºõ ñòàíäàðò

ïðîöåäóð þì.

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Beep

End Sub

Îäîî êîä íü 3 ìºðººñ á¿ðäýæ áàéíà. Beep ñòàíäàðò ïðîöåäóðûã àëäàæ áè÷âýë

Æèøýý íü: Boop ãýâýë ïðîãðàììûã àæèëëóóëàõ ¿åä àëäàà çààõ áîëíî. Èéìä

àëäààãàà çàñàõ õýðýãòýé.

2.3 Òºñ뺺 ººð÷ëºõ ñàéæðóóëàõ

Áèä ýíý õýñýãò Beep#1 òºñ뺺 Beep#2 íýðèéí äî𠺺ð÷ëºí õàäãàëàæ

ñàéæðóóëàõ áîëíî. Beep#2 òºñºë íü 3 îáüåêòîîñ á¿ðäýíý. ¯¿íä:

-Form1

-Command1

-Command2

̺í êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûí íýðèéã ìîíãîë õýë äýýð áîëãîí ººð÷èëæ áè÷èõ áîëíî.

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.4-ò òºñëèéí èíòåðôåéñèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã, õàðèí Õ¿ñíýãò 2.5-ò ¿ð

ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð

¯íäñýí áàéäàë ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàë

Òàéëáàð

Form1 CaptionNameWidthHeight

Form1Form168106345

Beep#2Form160003600

-ªºð÷ëºõã¿é

--

Command1

CaptionNameWidthHeight

Command1Command11215495

Äóó ãàðãàõCommand11215495

-ªºð÷ëºõã¿

骺ð÷ëºõã¿

骺ð÷ëºõã¿

é

Private Sub Command1_Click()

End Sub

11

Command2

CaptionNameWidthHeight

Command2Command21215495

ÃàðàõCommand21215495

-ªºð÷ëºõã¿

骺ð÷ëºõã¿

骺ð÷ëºõã¿

éÕ¿ñíýãò 2.4

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿íForm1Command1Command2

NoneClickClick

NoneÄóó ãàðíàÏðîãðàììûí àæèëëàãààã äóóñãàõ

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.5

Óã òºñºëä Command2-ãýñýí êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ íýìíý. Command1-êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã

õóëãàíààð ÷èðýí äýýø íü 纺æ, Toolbox-ñ CommandButton õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã 2

äàðíà. Äàðààõ àëõàìààð Form1-èéí ãàð÷ãèéã ººð÷ëºíº:

1) Form1-ã èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý. (ñîíãîíî)

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) Beep#2 ãýæ áè÷íý.

4) Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Äàðààãèéí àëõàì áîë Command1, Command2 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûí ãàð÷ãèéã

ººð÷ëºõ þì. Ýõëýýä Command1 òîâ÷íû ãàð÷ãèéã ººð÷èëüå.

1) Command1 òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîíî.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) “Äóó ãàðãàõ” ãýæ áè÷íý.

4) Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Æè÷: Ìîíãîëîîð áè÷èõ ¿åä ¿ñãèéí ôîíòûã ººð÷èëºõ õýðýãòýé. ¯¿íèé òóëä:

a) Îáüåêòîî ñîíãîíî.

b) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Font-èéã ñîíãîíî.

c) Ãàðàõ õàðèëöàõ öîíõíîîñ ¿ñãèéí õýâ, õýìæýý áîëîí áóñàä ïàðàìåòðûã

ººð÷èëºõ áîëîìæòîé.

d) OK òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Îäîî Command2 òîâ÷íû ãàð÷ãèéã ººð÷èëüå:

1) Command2 òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîíî.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) “Ãàðàõ” ãýæ áè÷íý.

12

4) Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Ýäãýýðýýð óã òºñëèéí èíòåðôåéñèéí ¿éëäýë äóóñíà. Íýð áà ãàð÷èã õî¸ðûí øèíæ

÷àíàð íü ÿëãààòàé. Êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûí íýð íü “Command1”, “Command2”,

ãàð÷èã íü “Äóó ãàðãàõ”, “Ãàðàõ” ø¿¿ äýý.

Òà îäîî “Command2”-èéí êîäûã áè÷èõ áîëíî. ¯ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí íýð íü

Command2_Click þì. Êîäûí öîíõûã íýýõäýý êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èí äýýð õîñ äàðàëò

õèéõýýñ ãàäíà òàéëáàðûí öîíõíîîñ Çóðàã 2.5-ä õàðóóëñàí õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã äàðíà.

Êîäíû öîíõ íýýãäëýý. Òýð íü îáüåêòûí õàéðöàã ïðîöåäóðûí õàéðöàãèéã àãóóëíà.

(Çóðàã 2.6-ñ õàðíà óó)

Çóðàã 2.6 Êîäíû öîíõ

Êîäíû öîíõíû îáüåêòûí õàéðöãèéí áàðóóí òàëûí òºãñãºë äýõ ñóìûã áóþó

combobox-èéã õóëãàíààð òîâøèí òà General, Command1, Command2, Form

ãýñýí æàãñààëòûã õàðàõ áîëíî. ¯¿íýýñ Command2-ã ñîíãîíî. Õàðèí ïðîöåäóðûí

õàéðöãàíä “Declarations” ãýñýí áè÷èã áàéíà. ¯¿íýýñ “Click”-ã ñîíãîíî. Äîîä öîíõîíä:

Private Sub Command2_Click()

End Sub

ãýæ õàðàãäàíà. ¯¿íèé êóðñîð áàéðëàõ ãàçàð End ïðîöåäóð áè÷íý. Îäîî ¿ð ä¿íãèéí

ïðîöåäóðûí êîä íü 3 ìºðººñ á¿ðäýõ áîëëîî. Êîäíû öîíõîî õààíà.

Îáüåêòûí òºðºë Îáüåêòûí íýð Event

Name

Event Procedure

Name

Command Command2 Click Command2_Click

Çóðàã 2.5 Êîäûí öîíõ ãàðãàõ õýðýãë¿¿ð

13

Button

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.6

Òà á¿õýí Beep#2 òºñ뺺 õàäãàëàõäàà File/Save File As… êîìàíäààð ôàéëûí

íýðèéã ºãíº, ìºí File/Save Project As… òºñºë ôàéëûíõàà øèíý íýðèéã ºãíº. ¯¿íèéã

ã¿éöýòãýõäýý:

1) File/Save File As… êîìàíäûã ñîíãîíî. Save File As õàðèëöàõ öîíõ äýëãýöýíä

ãàðíà.

2) File name í¿äýíä Beep#2 ãýæ: áè÷íý.

3) Enter òîâ÷ äàðàõ, ýñâýë Save òîâ÷èéã äàð.

4) File/Save Project As… êîìàíäûã ñîíãîíî. Save Project As õàðèëöàõ öîíõ

äýëãýöýíä íýýãäýíý.

5) File name í¿äýíä Beep#2 ãýæ áè÷íý.

6) Enter òîâ÷ äàðàõ ýñâýë, Save òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Òºñ뺺 îäîî àæèëëóóëæ ¿çüå. Toolbars áóþó òîâ÷èí êîìàíäóóä äîòðîîñ Start-

òîâ÷èí õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã õóëãàíû çààëòóóðààð òîâøèíî. Îäîî “Äóó ãàðãàõ” ãýñýí

êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã äàðíà. Èíãýõýä äóó ñîíñîãäîõ áîëíî. Õàðèí “Ãàðàõ” êîìàíäûí

òîâ÷èéã äàðâàë ïðîãðàììûí àæèëëàãààíààñ ãàð÷ “Design screen”-ä áóöàæ

øèëæèíý.

2.4 “Õóãàöàà” (Time) òºñºë ã¿éöýòãýõ

VB-ä õóãàöààíû, ºäðèéí õî¸ð ôóíêö áàéäàã. Date, Time –íü õàðãàëçàí îí, ñàð,

ºäºð, öàã áóöààäàã ôóíêö þì. Date –íü òóõàéí êîìïüþòåðûí îí ñàð ºäðèéã, Time –íü

õóãàöààíû óòãà áóöààíà. Õàðèí ýíý òºñºëä Print ïðîöåäóðûã àøèãëàí îí ñàð ºäºð,

õóãàöààã õýâëýíý.

Statement-ôóíêö

ïðîöåäóð

¯ð ä¿í Æèøýý

Print Date Ôîðì äýýð îí ñàð ºäºð õýâëýíý 11/9/03

Print Time Ôîðì äýýð öàã õýâëýíý 11:15:48 AM

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.7

Áèäíèé õèéõ “Date and Time” òºñºë íü 4 îáüåêòîé. ¯¿íä 1 øèðõýã Form, 3 êîìàíäûí

òîâ÷ îðíî. Óã òºñëèéã Çóðàã 2.7-îîñ õàðæ áîëíî. Óã òºñëèéí “Îí ñàð ºäºð” êîìàíäûí

òîâ÷èéã äàðàõàä îí ñàð ºäðèéã ôîðì äýýð õýâëýõ, “Öàã” êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã

14

äàðàõàä òóõàéí ¿åèéí öàã õýâëýõ, “Ãàðàõ” êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã äàðàõàä ïðîãðàììûí

àæèëëàãààíààñ ãàðàõààð õèéãäñýí áàéõ ¸ñòîé.

Çóðàã 2.7 Date and Time òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Óã òºñºëä îáüåêòóóäûí íýðèéã äàðààõ áàéäëàà𠺺ð÷èëíº.

Îáüåêò Prefix Our Suffix Á¿ðäñýí íýðForm1Command1Command2Command3

frmcmdcmdcmd

TimeProject1DateTimeExit

frmTimeProject1cmdDatecmdTimecmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.8

Òýìäýãëýë: íýðí¿¿äèéí Prefix, Suffix-èéí õîîðîíä çàé àâ÷ áîëîõã¿é.

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.9-ä óã òºñëèéí visual interface-èéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã ¿ç¿¿ëëýý. Õàðèí

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.10-ä ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàë

Òàéëáàð

Form1 CaptionName

Form1Form1

Date and TimefrmTimeProject1

ªºð÷èëñºí ªºð÷èëñºí

Command1

CaptionName

Command1Command1

Îí ñàð ºäºðcmdDate

ªºð÷èëñºíªºð÷èëñºí

Command2

CaptionName

Command2Command2

ÖàãcmdTime

ªºð÷èëñºíªºð÷èëñºí

Command3

CaptionName

Command3Command3

Ãàðàõ cmdExit

ªºð÷èëñºíªºð÷èëñºí

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.9

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿ífrmTimeProject1cmdDatecmdTimecmdExit

NoneClickClickClick

None Ôîðì äýýð îí ñàð ºäºð õýâëýõ (Print Date)Ôîðì äýýð öàã õýâëýõ (Print Time)Ïðîãðàììûí àæèëëàãààã äóóñãàõ

15

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.10

Õèéõ ¿éëäýë::

Øèíý òºñºë ¿¿ñãýýä õ¿ññýí õýìæýýãýýð ñîíãîíî.

1) Ôîðì äýýð CommandButton õýðýãë¿¿ð äýýð 2-äàðæ Command1 êîìàíäûí

òîâ÷èéã ¿¿ñãýíý.

2) Äýýðõ øèã Command2 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ ¿¿ñãýíý.

3) Command3 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ ¿¿ñãýíý.

Îäîî øèíæ ÷àíàðûã íü (Property) ººð÷èëíº. ¯¿íèéã ºìíºõ òºñëèéí àäèë õèéíý. Õàðèí

Name øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ººð÷ëºõ人 Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Name-ã ñîíãîí ò¿¿íèé

õàðãàëçàà áàðóóí òàëûí í¿äýíä íýðèéã áè÷èí Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

1) Form1-èéã ñîíãîíî.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîí “Date and Time” ãýæ áè÷èí Enter

òîâ÷ äàðíà.

3) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Name-èéã ñîíãîí “frmTimeProject1” ãýæ áè÷èí Enter

òîâ÷ äàðíà.

4) Command1 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîíî.

5) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîîä “Îí ñàð ºäºð” ãýæ áè÷ýýä Enter

òîâ÷ äàðíà.

6) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Name-èéã ñîíãîí “cmdDate” ãýæ áè÷èí Enter òîâ÷

äàðíà.

7) Command2 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîíî.

8) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîîä “Öàã” ãýæ áè÷ýýä Enter òîâ÷

äàðíà.

9) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Name-èéã ñîíãîí “cmdTime” ãýæ áè÷èí Enter òîâ÷

äàðíà.

10) Command3 êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã ñîíãîíî.

11) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Caption-èéã ñîíãîîä “Ãàðàõ” ãýæ áè÷ýýä

Enter òîâ÷ äàðíà.

12) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ Name-èéã ñîíãîí “cmdExit” ãýæ áè÷èí Enter

òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Îäîî êîäîî áè÷íý. “cmdDate” íýðòýé, “Îí ñàð ºäºð” ãàð÷èãòàé êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íîîñ

ýõëýå. Óã êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èí äýýð õóëãàíû çààã÷ààð õîñ äàðàëò õèéí êîäíû öîíõûã

16

íýýíý. Êóðñîð áàéðëàõ ãàçàð Print Date ãýñýí ïðîöåäóð ôóíêö áóþó statement

áè÷íý:

Private Sub cmdDate_Click()

Print Date

End Sub

Õàðèí îäîî “cmdTime” íýðòýé, “Öàã” ãàð÷èãòàé êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íû ¿ð ä¿íãèéí

ïðîöåäóðûã áè÷üå. Ýíý íü äàðààõ áàéäàëòàé áàéíà:

Private Sub cmdTime_Click()

Print Time

End Sub

Ãóðàâ äàõü êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íû õóâüä:

Private Sub cmdDate_Click()

End

End Sub

Èíãýýä Date and Time òºñºë äóóñëàà. Óã òºñ뺺 àæèëëóóëàí (Run õèéõýä) “Îí

ñàð ºäºð”, “Öàã” êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûã òîâøèâîë ôîðìûí ç¿¿í äýýä áóëàíä æèøýý íü

äàðààõ áè÷èã õýâëýãäýæ áîëîõ þì.

11/ 9/ 03

11:15:48 AM

¯¿íèé äàðàà òºñ뺺 õàäãàëíà. Ýíä òºñºë ôàéëàà “Date and Time#1” ãýæ íýðëüå.

̺í óã òºñºë äýýðýý ôîðì äýýð õýâëýñýí òýìäýãòèéã àðèëãàõ êîìàíäûí òîâ÷ íýìüå.

¯¿íèéã Cls ïðîöåäóðààð ã¿éöýòãýíý.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàëCommand1

CaptionName

Command1Command1

Àðèëãàõ cmdClearForm

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.11

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿í

cmdClearForm Click Ôîðì äýýðõ òýìäýãò àðèëãàíà

(Cls)

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.12

Ò¿¿íèé ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóð íü cmdClearForm_Click() þì.

Private Sub cmdClearForm_Click()

17

Cls

End Sub

“Date and Time#1” òºñºëä cmdClearForm êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã íýìëýý. Ôîðìûí íýðèéã

ñîëüæ “frm Date and Time#2”, òºñëèéã “Date and Time#2” íýðýýð øèíý÷ëýí

õàäãàëíà. ¯¿íèéã File/Save File As… ; File/Save Project As… êîìàíäààð

ã¿éöýòãýíý.

Ïðîãðàììûã àæèëëàæ áàéãàà ¿åä ãàðààñ Tab òîâ÷îîð êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûã ñýëãýí

ñîíãîñîí ¿åä Enter òîâ÷îîð èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý. Ýíý ¿åä TabIndex ãýñýí ïàðàìåòð áàéäàã.

Óã ïàðàìåòð íü òîâ÷íóóäûí ñîíãîõ äàðààëëûã èëýðõèéëíý. Óã òºñëèéí TabIndex-

èéã äîð õàðóóëëàà:

Îáüåêòûí íýð Øèíæ ÷àíàð Ïàðàìåòð

CmdDate TabIndex 0

CmdTime TabIndex 1

CmdClearForm TabIndex 2

CmdExit TabIndex 3

Òºñºë äýýðýý ìºí Now, Timer ôóíêö¿¿äûã íýìæ áîëîõ þì. Õ¿ñíýãò 2.13-ä óã

òºñëèéí Visual interface-èéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã ¿ç¿¿ëëýý. Õàðèí Õ¿ñíýãò 2.14-ä ¿ð

ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name Form1Form1

Date,Time, Now and TimerfrmTimeProject3

Command1 CaptionName TabIndex

Command1Command1

0

Îí ñàð ºäºðcmdDate0

Command2 CaptionName TabIndex

Command2Command2

-

ÖàãcmdTime 1

Command3 CaptionName TabIndex

Command3Command3

-

Öàã áà îí ñàð ºäºð cmdNow2

Command4 CaptionName TabIndex

Command4Command4

-

Ñåêóíò cmdTimer3

Command5 CaptionName TabIndex

Command5Command5

-

Àðèëãàõ cmdClearForm4

Command6 CaptionName TabIndex

Command6Command6

-

ÃàðàõcmdExit5

18

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.13

Statement ¯ð ä¿í ÆèøýýPrint NowPrint Timer

Ôîðì äýýð îí ñàð ºäºð öàã õýâëýíýÔîðì äýýð ñåêóíò òîîãîîð õýâëýíý

02/10/14 2:28:508932.09

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.14

Óã òºñëèéã Çóðàã 2.8-ä ¿ç¿¿ëëýý. Øèíý õèéñýí òºñ뺺 “Date and Time#3” ãýæ

íýðëýýðýé.

Øèíý òºñëèéí statement-íü:

a) Cls

b) Print Date

c) Print Time

d) Print Now

e) Print Timer

f) End

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.15-ä îáüåêòûí íýð áîëîí õèéõ ¿éëäëèéã õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿ífrmTimeProject3cmdDatecmdTimecmdNowcmdTimercmdClearFormcmdExit

NoneCkickCkickCkickCkickCkickCkick

NoneÎí ñàð ºäºð õýâëýõ (Print Date)Öàã õýâëýõ (Print Time)Îí ñàð ºäºð öàã õýâëýõ (Print Now)Ñåêóíò õýâëýõ (Print Timer)Ôîðì äýýðõ òåêñò àðèëãàõ (Cls)Ãàðàõ (End)

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.15

Çóðàã 2.8 Date, Time, Now and Timer òºñëèéí õàðàãàäàõ áàéäàë

19

2.5 ªºðèéí íýðèéã õýâëýõ, ìºí áóñàä òýìäýãòòýé àæèëëàõ

Ýíä Print ïðîöåäóð õýðýãëýíý. Ò¿¿íèé çàðèì æèøýýã Õ¿ñíýãò 2.16-ààñ õàðíà óó.

Statement ¯ð ä¿í ÒàéëáàðPrint “Hello, Well come to”

Hello, Well come to

“ “-õîîðîíä áàéãàà òýìäýãò ôîðì äýýð õýâëýíý

Print “976-11-3636” 976-11-3636 “ “-õîîðîíä áàéãàà òýìäýãò ôîðì äýýð õýâëýíý

Print “2#3fc” 2#3fc “ “-õîîðîíä áàéãàà òýìäýãò ôîðì äýýð õýâëýíý

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.16

Òºñëèéí àæëûí õ¿ñíýãòèéã Õ¿ñíýãò 2.17, Õ¿ñíýãò 2.18-ä ¿ç¿¿ëëýý.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name Form1Form1

String#1frmString1

Command1

CaptionName

Command1Command1

Òýìäýãò1cmdString1

Command2

CaptionName

Command2Command2

Òýìäýãò2cmdString2

Command3

CaptionName

Command3Command3

ÀðèëãàõcmdClearForm

Command4

CaptionName

Command4Command4

ÃàðàõcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.17

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë

¯ð ä¿í

frmString1cmdString1cmdString2cmdClearFormcmdExit

NoneClickClickClickClick

NoneÒýìäýãò1-èéã õýâëýõÒýìäýãò2-èéã õýâëýõÀðèëãàíàÃàðàõ

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.18

Àðèëãàõ, ãàðàõ êîìàíäûã áèä ìýäíý. Èéìä cmdString1_Click(), cmdString2_Click()

–èéí êîìàíäûã àâ÷ ¿çüå.

Private Sub cmdString1_Click()

Cls

Print “Caéí áàéíà óó, Ìàíàé ïðîãðàììä òàâòàé ìîðèëíî óó! ”

End Sub

20

Private Sub cmdString2_Click()

Cls

Print “Ìàíàé ïðîãðàììûã àøèãëàñàíä áàÿðëàëàà.”

End Sub

Óã òºñ뺺 òà String#1 ãýñýí íýðýýð õàäãàëààðàé.

2.6 Ôîðìûí òóõàé èë¿¿ èõèéã ñóðàëöàõ

Øèíý òºñºë ýõë¿¿ëíý. Ôîðìûí çàðèì ýëåìåíò¿¿äèéã õàðúÿ. (Çóðàã 2.9)

Çóðàãò õàðóóëñàí òîâ÷íóóäûã Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû ControlBox-ð òîõèðóóëíà.

Ýäãýýð òîâ÷èéã çºâøººðºõ áîë True (¯íýí) óòãûã, ãàðãàõã¿é áîë False (Õóäàë)

óòãûã ñîíãîíî. ¯¿íèéã ã¿éöýòãýõäýý: (True-¿íýí, False-õóäàë)

1) Form1-èéã èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý.

2) Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ ControlBox-èéã ñîíãîíî.

3) Ñîíãîëòûã False áîëãîíî.

̺í Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû MaxButton, MinButton øèíæ ÷àíàðóóäûã àøèãëàí True,

False áîëãîí óã òîâ÷íóóäûã ãàðãàõ ýñâýë àøèãëàõã¿é áàéõûã øèéäíý. Äýýðõ

¿éëäë¿¿äèéã õèéñíèé äàðàà ôîðì Çóðàã 2.10-ò õàðóóëñàí áàéäàëòàé áîëíî.

Çóðàã 2.9 Ôîðìûí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

21

Ýäãýýðèéã ìºí áóöààí õýâèéí áàéäàëä íü îðóóëíà. Õàðèí Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíû

BorderStyle øèíæ ÷àíàð íü ôîðìûí øóãìûí õýëáýðèéã ººð÷èëíº. Ò¿¿íèé ¿íäñýí

õýëáýð íü 2-Sizable ãýæ áàéäàã. Òóõàéí ôîðìûí àæèëóóëàõàä à÷ààëëàõ ¿ð

ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóð íü Form_Load() ãýñýí íýðòýé áàéíà. Òºñëèéã àæèëëóóëàõ ¿åä

õàìãèéí ò¿ð¿¿íä ãàðàõ ôîðìûã StartUp ôîðì ãýíý. Îäîî ôîðìûã à÷ààëëàõàä òýìäýãò

õýâëýí äóóò äîõèî ºãºõ æèøýý àâ÷ ¿çüå. ¯¿íèé òóëä Form1 äýýð õîñ äàðàëò

õèéí êîäíû öîíõûã íýýíý. Äàðààõ ïðîãðàììûã áè÷üå:

Private Sub Form_Load()

Print “I am loaded”

Beep

End Sub

Êîäíû öîíõûã õààæ òºñëèéã àæèëëóóëúÿ. Àæèëëóóëàõ ¿åä äóó ãàðàõ áîëîâ÷ I

am loaded ãýñýí áè÷ãèéã õýâëýõã¿é. Ó÷èð íü Form1-èéí AutoRedraw øèíæ

÷àíàð False áóþó õóäàë áàéãàà þì. ¯¿íèéã True áóþó ¿íýí áîëãîõ íü ÷óõàë. ¯¿íèé

òóëä Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí öîíõíîîñ AutoRedraw øèíæ ÷àíàðûã True áîëãîíî. Ýñâýë

äàðààõ áàéäëààð áè÷èæ áîëîõ þì:

Private Sub Form_Load()

AutoRedraw=True

Print “I am loaded”

Beep

End Sub

Òà òåêñòýé CurrentX, CurrenY øèíæ ÷àíàðûã àøèãëàí ôîðìûí äóðòàé ãàçðàà

õýâëýõ áîëîìæòîé. Óã ïàðàìåòð¿¿ä íü òàéëáàðûí öîíõîíä ãàð÷ èðäýãã¿é. Èéìä

ïðîãðàììûí êîäîíä ò¿¿íèéã çààæ ºãíº.

Çóðàã 2.10 Ôîðìûí ººð÷èëñºí áàéäàë

22

CurrentX-èéí óòãà íü ôîðìûí ç¿¿í äîòîð òàëààñ àâñàí çàé. (twips-ýýð)

CurrentY-èéí óòãà íü ôîðìûí ãàð÷ãèéí ìºðíººñ äîîø àâñàí çàé áàéíà. (twips)

¯¿íèé òóëä:

Private Sub Form_Load()

AutoRedraw=True

CurrentX=2520

CurrentY=1440

Print “I am loaded”

Beep

End Sub

ãýæ áè÷èæ áîëîõ þì. Ýíý ¿åä óã òºñëèéã àæèëëóóëàõàä áè÷èã ôîðìûí òºâ

õàâüä õýâëýãäýí, äóóò äîõèî ñîíñîãäîõ áîëíî.

2.7 VB-èéíõýý òºñºëä çàðèì õýðýãë¿¿ð íýìýõ

ªìíºõ æèøýýíä àâ÷ ¿çñýí ïðîöåäóðóóäûã àâ÷ ¿çüå:

Private Sub Object_Event() Object_Event ãýæ íýðëýñýí ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã àæèëëóóëæ

ýõëýíý.

Beep äóóò äîõèî ãàðíà

Cls ôîðì äýýðõ òåêñòèéã õýâëýíý

End ïðîãðàììûã äóóñãàõ

Print Date îí ñàð ºäºð õýâëýõ

Print Time öàã õýâëýõ

Print Now îí ñàð ºäºð, öàã õýâëýõ

Print Timer öàãèéã ñåêóíòýýð õýâëýíý

Print “ “ òýìäýãò õýâëýíý

End Sub ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã òºãñãºíº

AutoRedraw=True AutoRedraw øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ¿íýí áîëãîíî

CurrentX=2520 õýâòýý êîîðäèíàòûã ñîíãîíî

CurrentY=1440 áîñîî êîîðäèíàòûã ñîíãîíî

Ýíäýýñ Date, Time, Now áà Timer –íü VB-èéí ñòàíäàðò ôóíêö¿¿äûí íýã þì. Ýäãýýð

íü óòãà áóöààäàã þì. ̺í äàðààõ ôóíêö¿¿ä áàéíà:

23

Statement Òàéëáàð ¯ð ä¿í

Print Year Æèë õýâëýõ 2003Print Month Ñàð õýâëýõ 10Print Day ªäºð õýâëýõ 25Print Weekday Äîëîî õîíîãèéí ºäºð õýâëýõ 2Print Hour Öàã õýâëýõ 14Print Minute Ìèíóò õýâëýõ 37Print Second Ñåêóíò õýâëýõ 45

Õ¿ñíýãò 2.19

24

3-ð á¿ëýã

Òåêñò õàéðöàã áîëîí ºíãºòýé àæèëëàõ

3.1 Òåêñò õàéðöàã äîòîð õóãàöààíû óòãà õýâëýõ

3.2 Ýõëýõ äóóñàõ öàã ãàðãàõ òºñºë

3.3 Ýõëýõ äóóñàõ öàã ãàðãàõ òºñëèéã ºðãºòãºõ

3.4 Òåêñò õàéðöàãò òýìäýãò õýâëýõ

3.5 Òåêñò õàéðöàãðóó ãàðààñ òýìäýãò îðóóëàõ

3.6 Òåêñò õàéðöàãò ScrollBar íýìýõ

3.7 Ôîðì áîëîí Label äýýð áóñàä æèæèã ç¿éë íýìýõ

3.8 ªºðèéí òºñºëä ºí㺠íýìýõ, QBColor ôóíêö õýðýãëýõ

3.9 ªºðèéí òºñºëä ºí㺠íýìýõ, RGB ôóíêö õýðýãëýõ

Ýíý á¿ëýãò òà òåêñò õàéðöàã, label àøèãëàí ¿éëäýë õèéõ áîëíî. Òýäãýýðèéí

õýðýãë¿¿ð¿¿äèéã Çóðàã 3.1-ò õàðóóëëàà.

3.1 Òåêñò õàéðöàã äîòîð õóãàöààíû óòãà õýâëýõ

Óã òºñºë íü äàðààõ áàéäàëòàéãààð çîõèîí áàéãóóëàãäàíà: Íýã ôîðì, íýã òåêñò

õàéðöàã, õî¸ð øèðõýã êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íîîñ á¿ðäýíý. Ò¿¿íèéã àæèëëóóëàí Öàã

êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã äàðàõàä òåêñò õàéðöàã äîòîð òóõàéí ¿åèéí ñèñòåìèéí öàã

õýâëýãäýõýýð çîõèîí áàéãóóëíà. Õ¿ñíýãò 3.1 áà Õ¿ñíýãò 3.2-ò TimeTextBox#1

òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã ¿ç¿¿ëëýý. Õàðèí òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäëûã Çóðàã 3.2-ò

õàðóóëñàí áîëíî.

Çóðàã 3.1 Òåêñò õàéðöàã áà Label õýðýãë¿¿ð

25

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë Ñîëèñîí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name Form1Form1

Time in a Text BoxfrmTextbox

Text1 TextName

Text1Text1

àðèëãàíàtxtTime

Command1 CaptionName

Command1Command1

ÖàãcmdTime

Command2 CaptionName

Command2Command2

ÃàðàõcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.1

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë

¯ð ä¿í

frmTextboxtxtTimecmdTimecmdExit

NoneNoneClickClick

NoneNoneTextBox-èéí äîòîð õóãàöàà õýâëýõÏðîãðàììûí àæèëëàãààã äóóñãàíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.2

Òºñëèéã äàðààõ äàðààëàëààð õèéíý:

1) Toolbox-èéí òåêñò õàéðöàã õýðýãë¿¿ð äýýð õóëãàíû çààã÷ààð õîñ

äàðàëò õèéíý.

2) ̺í êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûã ãàðãàíà. Îáüåêòûí øèíæ ÷àíàðóóäûã òºñëèéí

òîäîðõîéëîëòûí õ¿ñíýãòèéí äàãóó ººð÷ëºíº. Áèä ôîðì áîëîí êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íû

øèíæ ÷àíàðóóäûí ººð÷ëºëòèéã ìýäíý. Õàðèí òåêñò õàéðöãèéí øèíæ

÷àíàðûí ººð÷ëºëòèéã àâ÷ ¿çüå.

a) Òåêñò õàéðöãèéã (TextBox) ñîíãîí èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý.

Çóðàã 3.2 TimeTextBox#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

26

b) Òàéëáàðûí öîíõíîîñ Text øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ñîíãîíî. Ò¿¿íèé ¿íäñýí õýëáýð íü

“Text1” áàéíà.

c) “Text1” áè÷ãèéã àðèëãàíà.

Name øèíæ ÷àíàðûí õóâüä ¿íäñýí õýëáýð íü ìºí “Text1” áàéíà. ¯¿íèéã

“txtTime” áîëãîíî. (Õ¿ñíýãò 3.3)

Îáüåêò Prefix Our Suffix Á¿ðäñýí íýð

Text1 txt Time txtTime

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.3

Îäîî êîìàíäûí òîâ÷íóóäûí cmdTime, cmdExit ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðóóäûã àâ÷

¿çüå. CmdExit ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã áèä ºìíº íü ¿çñýí. Õàðèí cmdTime ¿ð

ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã äîîð ¿ç¿¿ëüå.

Private Sub cmdTime_Click()

txtTime.Text=Time

End Sub

¯¿íä txtTime.Time=Time ãýñýí statement õýðýãëýíý. Òºñ뺺 õèéæ äóóñààä

õàäãàëààðàé.

3.2 Ýõëýõ äóóñàõ öàã ãàðãàõ òºñºë

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.4; 3.5-ä Time#1 òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã õàðóóëëàà. Õàðèí

òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäëûã Çóðàã 3.3-ààñ õàðæ áîëîõ þì.

Äàðààõ àëõàìóóäààð òºñëèéã õèéíý:

1) Label1 íýðòýé íýðíèé õàéðöãèéã Label õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã àøèãëàí ãàðãàíà.

2) Label1-èéí áàðóóí òàëä Text1 òåêñò õàéðöãèéã ãàðãàíà.

3) Label2-èéã Label1-èéí äîîð ãàðãàíà.

4) Label2-èéí áàðóóí òàëä Text2 òåêñò õàéðöãèéã ãàðãàíà.

5) Command1 òîâ÷èéã Text1-èéí áàðóóí òàëä ãàðãàíà.

Çóðàã 3.3 Time#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ

27

6) Command2 òîâ÷èéã Text2-èéí áàðóóí òàëä ãàðãàíà.

7) Command3 òîâ÷èéã Command2 òîâ÷íèé äîîð õàðàëäàà ãàðãàíà.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð Ñîëèñîí áàéäàë Òàéëáàð

Form1 CaptionName

Ýõëýõ äóóñàõ öàãfrmTime1

Text1 TextName txtStart

“Text1”-èéã àðèëãàíà

Text2 TextName txtStop

“Text2”-èéã àðèëãàíà

Label1 CaptionName

Ýõëýõ öàãlblStart

Label2 CaptionName

Äóóñàõ öàã lblStop

Command1

CaptionName

ÝõëýõcmdStart

Command2

CaptionName

ÇîãñîõcmdStop

Command3

CaptionName

ÃàðàõcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.4

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿ícmdStartcmdStopcmdExit

ClickClickClick

TxtStart òåêñò õàéðöàãò Timer ôóíêöûí óòãûã õýâëýíýTxtStop òåêñò õàéðöàãò Timer ôóíêöûí óòãûã õýâëýíýÏðîãðàììààñ ãàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.5

Îäîî êîäîî áè÷üå. ¯¿íèé òóëä txtStart òåêñò õàéðöãàíä õóãàöààã õýâëýõäýý

Timer ôóíêöûí óòãûã ºãíº. (áóöààíà) Õàðèí txtStop òåêñò õàéðöãèéã

öýâýðëýõäýý åð人 ë “ “–èéì óòãà áóöààíà. CmdStart-¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûí

êîäûã äîîð õàðóóëëàà. Õî¸ð ìºð íü þó ã¿éöýòãýõ òàëààð îéëãîõ òóñëàìæ ìàÿãààð

òàéëáàð õèéãäñýí áàéíà. VB-ä òàéëáàðûã õèéõäýý ( ‘ ) àïîñòðîï õýðýãëýíý.

Private Sub cmdStart_Click()

txtStart.Text=Timer ‘ txtStart.Text-ðóó Timer ôóíêöûí óòãà áóöààíà

txtStop.Text=” ” ‘ txtStop.Text-ã àðèëãàíà

Beep ‘ äóó äóóãàðíà

End Sub

cmdStop ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðò:

28

Private Sub cmdStop_Click()

txtStop.Text=Timer ‘ txtStop.Text-ä Timer ôóíêöûí óòãà áóöààíà

Beep ‘ äóó äóóãàðíà

End Sub

“ýõëýõ öàã”, “äóóñàõ öàã” ãýñýí áè÷ãèéã Label õàéðöãèéí õààíà ãàðãàõàà

òàéëáàðûí öîíõíû Alignment øèíæ ÷àíàðààð òîõèðóóëíà. Alignment øèíæ ÷àíàð

íü 3 ïàðàìåòðòýé. ¯¿íä:

0-Left justify -Õàéðöàãíû ç¿¿í òàëä

1-Right justify -Õàéðöàãíû áàðóóí òàëä

2-Center -Õàéðöàãíû òºâä áàéðëóóëàõ

Ìàíàé æèøýýíä:

Îáüåêòûí íýð Øèíæ ÷àíàð ¯íäñýí áàéäàë

lblStart Alignment 0-Left Justify

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.6

3.3 Ýõëýõ äóóñàõ öàã ãàðãàõ òºñëèéã ºðãºòãºõ

Óã òºñ뺺 Time#2 ãýæ íýðëýíý. (Çóðàã 3.4)

cmdStart_Click, cmStop_Click ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðóóäûí õóâüä:

Private Sub cmdStart_Click()

txtStart.Text=Timer ‘ txtStart.Text-ðóó Timer ôóíêöûí óòãà áóöààíà

txtStop.Text=” ” ‘ txtStop.Text-ã àðèëãàíà

txtElapsed.Text=” “ ‘ txtElapsed.Text-ã àðèëãàíà

Beep ‘ äóó äóóãàðíà

End Sub

Private Sub cmdStop_Click()

Çóðàã 3.4 Time#2 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

29

txtStop.Text=Timer

txtElapsed.Text=txtStop.Text – txtStart.Text

Beep

End Sub

Òåêñò õàéðöãàíä õýâëýãäýõ õîîðîíäûí ÿëãàâàð õóãàöààíû áóòàðõàé õýñýã íü 8

àðàâòûí öèôðýýð õàðàãäàíà. Æèøýý íü: 13.22999999, ýñâýë 3.68000000 ãýõ

ìýò. Äýýðõ õî¸ð òîîã 13.23, 3.68 ãýæ èëýðõèéëýí õýâëýæ áîëîõ þì. Time#3

òºñºëä ¿¿íèéã õýðýãëüå. Ò¿¿íèé cmdStop_Click ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðûã ýíä

õàðóóëëàà.

Private Sub cmdStop_Click()

Dim Elapsed As Variant ‘ õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàæ áàéíà

txtStop.Text=Timer

Elapsed=txtStop.Text – txtStart.Text ‘õóâüñàã÷èä ÿëãàâàðûí óòãà

îëãîõ

txtElapsed.Text=Format ( Elepsed, “####0.##” )

End Sub

¯¿íä Format ôóíêöûã õýðýãëýñýí áàéíà. Ýíä Dim Elapsed As Variant ãýñýí

statement õýðýãëýñýí áàéíà. Variant òºðëèéí ºãºãäëèéã õóâüñàã÷ õýðýãëýñýí

áàéíà. Variant áîëîí áóñàä ºãºãäëèéí òºðë¿¿äèéã 7 áà 8-ð á¿ëýãò äýëãýðýíã¿é

¿çýõ áîëíî.

txtElapsed.Text=Format ( Elepsed, “####0.##” ) ãýñýí statement-èéí õóâüä

txtElapsed òåêñò õàéðöàãðóó Elapsed õóâüñàã÷èéí ôîðìàòûã õóâèðãàí ºã÷

áàéíà. “####0.##” ãýäýã íü ôîðìàòûã çààæ ºã÷ áàéíà. 0 ãýäýã óòãà íü 1-ýýñ

áàãà ¿åä óòãà ãàðãàõàä õýðýãëýíý.

3.4 Òåêñò õàéðöàãò òýìäýãò õýâëýõ

Ýíý õýñýãò äàðààõ statement-èéã õýðýãëýíý:

TxtHello.Text=”Ñàéí áàéíà óó”

Hello#1 òºñºë íü íýã ôîðì, íýã òåêñò õàéðöàã, ãóðâàí êîìàíäûí òîâ÷òîé. Çóðàã

3.5-ààñ õàðíà óó.

30

Òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã Õ¿ñíýãò 3.7 áîëîí Õ¿ñíýãò 3.8-ä õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë

¯ð ä¿í

cmdText1cmdText2cmdExit

ClickClickClick

Òýìäýãò õýâëýõÒýìäýãò õýâëýõÏðîãðàììààñ ãàðàõ

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.7

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíà𠪺ð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name HellofrmHello

Text1 TextName txtHello

Command1

CaptionName

Text1cmdText1

Command2

CaptionName

Text2cmdText2

Command3

CaptionName

QuitcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.8

cmdText1_Click áà cmdText2_Click ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóðóóäûí êîäûã äîîð

¿ç¿¿ëëýý:

Private Sub cmdText1_Click()

txtHello.Text=”Hello”

End Sub

Private Sub cmdText1_Click()

txtHello.Text=”Goodbye”

Çóðàã 3.5 Hello#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

31

End Sub

ªºð íýã æèøýý àâ÷ ¿çüå:

txtFormWidth.Text=frmExperiment1.Width

Ýíý íü txtFormWidth íýðòýé òåêñò õàéðöàãðóó frmExperiment1 íýðòýé ôîðìûí

ºðãºíèé óòãûã ºãíº. ¯¿íä ôîðìûí Width øèíæ ÷àíàðûã àøèãëàñàí áàéíà.

Òýãâýë îäîî Experiment#1 òºñ뺺ð òåêñò õàéðöàãò ôîðìûí óðò, ºðãºí, ç¿¿í áîëîí

îðîéí öýã¿¿äèéí òóõàéí ¿åèéí óòãûã õàðóóëäàã ¿éëäýë õèéõýýð òóñãúÿ. (Çóðàã

3.6)

Çóðàã 3.6 Experiment#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíà𠪺ð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name Show Form Location and SizeFrmExperiment1

Label1 Caption Name

Form leftlblformleft

Text1 Text Name txtFormleft

Command1

CaptionName

Show LeftcmdShowleft

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.9

Óòãà àâàõ øèíæ ÷àíàðóóä íü: Height, Width, Top, Left

Òºñëèéí êîìàíäûí êîä:

Private Sub cmdShowLeft_Click()

txtFormLeft.Text=frmExperiment1.Left

End Sub

Ýíäýýñ áèä òåêñò õàéðöãèéí äîòîðõ ¿ñãèéí òýãøëýëò áàéðëàëûã òîõèðóóëæ

áîëíî. ¯¿íèé òóëä äàðààõ àëõàì ã¿éöýòãýíý.

1. Òåêñò õàéðöãèéã ñîíãîíî.

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2. Òàéëáàðûí öîíõíîîñ Multiline øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ñîíãîíî.

3. True áà False õî¸ð ñîíãîëòîîñ True ñîíãîëòûã õèéíý.

4. Òàéëáàðûí öîíõíîîñ Alignment øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ñîíãîíî.

5. Òýíäýýñ 2-Center ñîíãîëò õèéíý.

3.5 Òåêñò õàéðöàãðóó ãàðààñ òýìäýãò îðóóëàõ

Ýíä àæèëëóóëàõ õóãàöààíû òóðøèä òåêñòèéí õàéðöãèéã äàðàõàä ò¿¿íèéã ñîíãîõ

¸ñòîé. Ò¿¿í äîòîð áàéãàà òåêñòèéã ñîíãîõ ¿ð ä¿íãèéí ïðîöåäóð íü SetFocus þì.

txtEnter íýðòýé òåêñò õàéðöãèéí õóâüä äàðààõ áàéäëààð õýðýãëýíý.

TxtEnter.SetFocus

Îáüåêòûí íýð Àðãà Statement

txtEnter SetFocus txtEnter.SetFocus

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.10

Çóðàã 3.7 Copycat òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Îáüåêòûí íýð Øèíæ ÷àíàð Object.Property NametxtEntertxtCopyEntry

TextText

txtEnter.TexttxtCopyEntry.Text

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.11

Òºñëèéí êîìàíäûí êîä:

Private Sub cmdEnterText_Click()

txtEnter.Text=” ” ‘txtEnter-ã àðèëãàíà

txtEnter.SetFocus ‘txtEnter-ã ñîíãîíî

End Sub

Private Sub cmdCopyEntry_Click()

txtCopyEntry.Text=txtEnter.Text ‘òýìäýãòèéã õóóëàõ

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End Sub

Copycat òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã Õ¿ñíýãò 3.12 áà Õ¿ñíýãò 3.13 –ò õàðóóëëàà

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíà𠪺ð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name CopycatfrmCopycat

Text1 TextName txtEnter

Text2 TextName txtCopyEntry

Command1

CaptionName

Enter TextcmdEnterText

Command2

CaptionName

Copy EntrycmdCopyEntry

Command3

CaptionName

Clear AllcmdClearAll

Command4

CaptionName

ExitcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.12

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿ícmdEnterTextcmdCopyEntrycmdClearAllcmdExit

ClickClickClickClick

txtEnter-ã àðèëãàí focus-èéã õîëáîíîtxtEnter-ã txtCopyEntry-ä õóóëíàtxtEnter, txtCopyEntry-ã àðèëãàíàÃàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.13

Òåêñò õàéðöãèéí äîòîðõûã àðèëãàõ êîìàíä íü:

Private Sub cmdClearAll_Click()

txtEnter.Text=” ” ‘txtEnter-ã àðèëãàíà

txtCopyEntry.Text=” “ ‘txtCopyEntry-ã àðèëãàíà

End Sub

¯¿íèé äàðàà CopyCat#2 òºñºë õèéíý.

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Çóðàã 3.8 CopyCat#2 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Ýíä Multiline øèíæ ÷àíàðûã True áîëãîõ ¸ñòîé.

3.6 Òåêñò õàéðöàãò ScrollBar íýìýõ

Ýíý õýñãèéí îíöëîã íü CopyCat#3 òºñºë íü òåêñò õàéðöàã íü áîñîî ScrollBar-òàé

áàéíà. Ýíý æèøýý íü ºìíºõ òºñºëòýé èæèë. Õàðèí òåêñò õàéðöàãò ScrollBar

õèéæ ºãºõ õýðýãòýé. ¯¿íèé òóëä òåêñò õàéðöãèéí ScrollBar øèíæ ÷àíàðûã

ººð÷èëíº.

Îáüåêòûí íýð Øèíæ ÷àíàð Òîõèðóóëñàí áàéäàëtxtEntertxtCopyEntry

ScrollBarsScrollBars

2-Vertical2-Vertical

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.14

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.15 , Õ¿ñíýãò 3.16 –ò CopyCat#3 òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíàð

ªºð÷èëñºí áàéäàë Òàéëáàð

Form1 CaptionName

Copycat TextBoxes with ScrollBarsfrmCopycat3

Text1 TextName MultilineScrollBarsWidthHeight

TxtEnterTrue2-Vertical36001200

õîîñîí

îëîí ìºðºíä áè÷èãäýíýáîñîî ScrollBar-òàéºðãºíèé õýìæýýóðòûí õýìæýý

Text2 TextName MultilineScrollBarsWidthHeight

TxtCopyEntryTrue2-Vertical36001200

õîîñîí

îëîí ìºðºíä áè÷èãäýíýáîñîî ScrollBar-òàéºðãºíèé õýìæýýóðòûí õýìæýý

Command1

CaptionName

Enter TextcmdEnterText

Command2

CaptionName

Copy EntrycmdCopyEntry

Command3

CaptionName

Clear AllcmdClearAll

Command4

CaptionName

ExitcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.15

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿í

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cmdEnterTextcmdCopyEntrycmdClearAllcmdExit

ClickClickClickClick

txtEnter-ã àðèëãàí focus-èéã õîëáîíîtxtEnter-ã txtCopyEntry-ä õóóëíàtxtEnter, txtCopyEntry-ã àðèëãàíàÃàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.16

3.7 Ôîðì áîëîí Label-òàéëáàðûí öîíõîí äýýðýý

áóñàä æèæèã ç¿éë íýìýõ

Îáüåêòûí ¿ñãèéí ºíãº, äýâñãýðèéí ºíãèéã ººð÷èëæ áîëíî. ¯¿íèéã ForeColor,

BackColor øèíæ ÷àíàðûí òóñëàìæòàé ã¿éöýòãýíý. Ò¿¿íèé ¿íäñýí (àíõíû)

òîõèðóóëãà íü 16-òèéí òîîëëûí ñèñòåìýýð äàðààõ áàéäàëòàé áàéíà.

Øèíæ ÷àíàð Áàéäàë Òàéëáàð

BackColor &H8000000F& Ñààðàë áîð ºíãº

ForeColor &H80000012& Õàð

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.17

ªíãèéã ººð÷ëºõ人:

1. Form1-èéã èäýâõæ¿¿ëíý.

2. BackColor øèíæ ÷àíàðûã äàðíà. Ýíý ¿åä øèíæ ÷àíàðûí òîâ÷ ãàð÷ èðíý.

(Çóðàã 3.9)

Çóðàã 3.9 Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí òîâ÷íû õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

3. ªíãèéã ñîíãîíî.

ForeColor øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ººð÷èëºõºä ôîðìûí öýãýí òîðíû ºí㺠ººð÷ëºãäºíº.

1. ForeColor øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ñîíãîíî.

2. Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí òîâ÷èéã äàðíà.

3. ªí㺠ñîíãîíî.

Label-èéí ¿íäñýí ôîíä íü MS Sans Serif, õýìæýý íü 8-point áàéäàã. ¯¿íèéã

ººð÷ëºõ人:

1. Label1 –èéã ñîíãîíî.

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2. Font øèíæ ÷àíàðûã ñîíãîíî.

3. Øèíæ ÷àíàðûí òîâ÷èéã äàðàí Font dialog box õàðèëöàõ öîíõûã ãàðãàíà.

4. Ñîíãîëòóóäàà õèéí Ok òîâ÷ äàðíà.

Label1-èéí ¿ñãèéí õýìæýýã àâòîìàòààð òîõèðóóëàõûã õ¿ñâýë AutoSize øèíæ

÷àíàðûã True áîëãîí ººð÷èëíº. ¯¿íèé òóëä:

1. Label1-èéã ñîíãîíî.

2. AutoSize øèíæ ÷àíàðûã äàðíà.

3. True ñîíãîëò õèéíý.

Label-òàéëáàðûí öîíõ íü íèéò 32 øèíæ ÷àíàðòàé, ýíý íîìîíä 12 øèíæ ÷àíàðûã íü

¿çñýí. Ýíä: Alignment, AutoSize, BackColor, BorderStyle, Caption, Font,

ForeColor, Height, Left, Name, Top, Width áîëíî.

Äýýð íü íýìæ 3 øèíæ ÷àíàðûã àâ÷ ¿çüå.

À) Appearance –ýíý íü õàðàãäàõ áàéäëûã òîõèðóóëíà. ¯íäñýí õýëáýð íü 1-3D

áàéõ áà 0-Flat áîëãîí ººð÷èëâºë õàâòãàéä ä¿ðñëýãäýíý.

Á) BackStyle- ýíý øèíæ ÷àíàðààð íýâòðýëòèéã òîõèðóóëíà. 1-Opaque ñîíãîëòûã

õèéâýë íýâòðýëòã¿é, õàðèí transparent ñîíãîëòûã õèéâýë òóíãàëàã øèíæ

÷àíàðòàé áîëæ ººð÷ëºãäºíº.

Â) WordWrap –ýíý øèíæ ÷àíàð íü AutoSize øèíæ ÷àíàðòàé õàìò True áîë

õàéðöàãíû õýìæýýãýýð äîòîð íü áè÷ñýí òåêñò áîîãäîæ ºãíº.

3.8 ªºðèéíõºº òºñºëä ºí㺠íýìýõ, QBColor ôóíêö õýðýãëýõ

Õ¿ñíýãò 3. –ä Qbasic-èéí 16 ºíãºíèé êîäûã õàðóóëëàà. Øèëæ¿¿ëýëòèéí

Statement íü:

Form1.BackColor=QBColor(1) -öýíõýð ºí㺠ºãºõ

Form1.ForeColor=QBColor(14) -øàð ºí㺠ºãºõ

Text1.BackColor=QBColor(13)

Text1.ForeColor=QBColor(2)

Text3.BackColor=QBColor(Text1.Text)

Text3.ForeColor=QBColor(Text2.Text) ãýõ ìýò÷èëýí ºã÷ áîëîõ þì.

ªí㺠ªíãºíèé êîä (äóãààð)

ÕàðÖýíõýð

01

37

ÍîãîîíÁ¿äýã íîãîîíÓëààí ßãààíØàðÖàãààí Õ¿ðýí áîðÃýðýëòýé öýíõýð õºõÃýðýëòýé íîãîîíÃýðýëòýé á¿äýã íîãîîíÃýðýëòýé óëààíÃýðýëòýé ÿãààíÃýðýëòýé øàðÒîä öàãààí

23456789101112131415

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.18

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.19 áà Õ¿ñíýãò 3.20 –ä QBColor#1 òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã

õàðóóëëàà.

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿ítxtBackColortxtForeColortxtShowColorcmdExit

ClickClickClickClick

ººðèé㺺 àðèëãààä Focus-ä õàíäàõººðèé㺺 àðèëãààä Focus-ä õàíäàõºíãèéã òîäîðõîéëíîÃàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.19

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíà𠪺ð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name TextBox Color Using QBColorFrmQBColor

Label1 CaptionName WordWrap

Click and enter BackColor (0-15)lblBackColorTrue

Text1 TextName txtBackColor

Label2 CaptionName WordWrap

Click and enter ForeColor (0-15)lblForeColorTrue

Text2 TextName TxtForeColor

Label3 CaptionName AutoSize

Click to Show colors:lblShowColorTrue

Text3 TextName

Foreground texttxtShowColor

Command1

CaptionName

ExitcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.20

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Óã òºñëèéí êîìàíäûí êîäûã äîîð ¿ç¿¿ëüå:

Private Sub txtBackColor_Click()

txtBackColor.Text=” “ ‘txtBackColor í¿äíèé òåêñòèéã àðèëãàõ

End Sub

Private Sub txtForeColor_Click()

txtForeColor.Text=” “ ‘txtForeColor í¿äíèé òåêñòèéã àðèëãàõ

End Sub

Private Sub txtShowColor_Click()

txtShowColor.BackColor=QBColor(txtBackColor.Text)

txtShowColor.ForeColor=QBColor(txtForeColor.Text)

End Sub

Çóðàã 3.10 QBColor#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Õàðèí îäîî QBColor#2 òºñëèéã õèéå. Ýíý òºñëèéí îíöëîã íü ºíãèéã ScrollBar-ààð

òîõèðóóëäàã þì. (Çóðàã 3.11)

Çóðàã 3.11 QBColor#2 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Õýâòýý ScrollBar-èéã ãàðãàõäàà Toolbox-èéí HscrollBars õýðýãë¿¿ðèéã

àøèãëàíà. (Çóðàã 3.12 )

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Çóðàã 3.12 HScrollars õýðýãë¿¿ðèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

QBColor#2 òºñëèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã Õ¿ñíýãò 3.21 áà Õ¿ñíýãò 3.22 –ä ¿ç¿¿ëëýý.

Îáüåêò Øèíæ ÷àíà𠪺ð÷èëñºí áàéäàëForm1 Caption

Name TextBox Color Using ScrollBarsfrmQBColor2

Label1 CaptionAlignment AutoSize Name

BackColor1-Right JustifyTruelblBackColor

Label2 CaptionAlignment AutoSize Name

ForeColor1-Right JustifyTruelblForeColor

HscrollBar1 NameMaxMinValue

hsbBackColor1500

HscrollBar2 NameMaxMinValue

hsbBackColor15014

Text1 TextName txtBackColor

Text2 TextName TxtForeColor

Text3 TextName

Foreground texttxtShowColors

Command1 CaptionName

ExitcmdExit

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.21

Îáüåêòûí íýð ¯éëäýë ¯ð ä¿íhsbBackColorhsbForeColorcmdExit

Scroll Scroll Click

ºí㺠òàâèíàºí㺠òàâèíàÃàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.22

HsbBackColor –ScrollBar ýëåìåíòèéí êîäíû öîíõûã ò¿¿í äýýð õóëãàíû çààëòóóðààð

õîñ äàðàëò õèéí íýýíý. Òýð íü hsbBackColor_Change ãýñýí ïðîöåäóðààð ýõëýíý.

¯¿íèéã ººð÷ëºõ õýðýãòýé. Èíãýõèéí òóëä:

40

1. Êîäíû öîíõíû Procedure Box-èéã äàðæ äîîø ã¿éëãýíý. Ò¿¿íýýñ Scroll-èéã

ñîíãîíî.

2. Private Sub hsbBackColor_Scroll()

I

End Sub - õýëáýðòýé áîëíî.

Äîîð óã òºñëèéí êîìàíäûí êîäûã ¿ç¿¿ëüå:

Private Sub hsbBackColor_Scroll()

txtBackColor.Text=hsbBackColor.Value

txtShowColor.BackColor=QBColor(hsbBackColor.Value)

End Sub

Private Sub hsbForeColor_Scroll()

txtForeColor.Text=hsbForeColor.Value

txtShowColor.ForeColor=QBColor(hsbForeColor.Value)

End Sub

3.9 ªºðèéí òºñºëä ºí㺠íýìýõ, RGB ôóíêö õýðýãëýõ

RGB ôóíêö íü ºí㺠áóöààõ ñòàíäàðò ôóíêö þì. RGB ôóíêö íü 3 àðãóìåíò áóþó

ïàðàìåòðòýé.

RGB(red, green, blue)

Ýíä óëààí, íîãîîí, öýíõýð ºíãºíèé êîä íü 0-255 –èéí õîîðîíä áàéäàã.

Øèëæ¿¿ëýëò ¯ð ä¿íForm1.BackColor=RGB(255,0,0)Form1.BackColor=RGB(0,128,0)Form1.BackColor=RGB(0,0,64)Form1.BackColor=RGB(255,255,0)Text1.BackColor=RGB(255,255,255)Text1.BackColor=RGB(0,0,0)

Òîä óëààíààð Form1 ãýðýëòýíýÄóíä çýðãèéí íîãîîíÑóë, ã¿í öýíõýðØàðÒîä öàãààíÕàð ºí㺠ãàðíà

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.23

Äýýðõýýñ ¿çâýë óëààí, íîãîîí, öýíõýð ºíãèéã ÿìàð áàéäàëòàé ºãñºíººñ õàìààð÷

ºí㺠ãàðíà. Èíãýýä RGB#1 òºñëèéã äîîð ¿ç¿¿ëüå.

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Çóðàã 3.13 RGB#1 òºñëèéí õàðàãäàõ áàéäàë

Ôîðìîî frmRGB01, Label-ýý lblRed, lblGreen, lblBlue, òåêñò õàéðöàãóóäàà

txtRed, txtGreen, txtBlue, õî¸ð êîìàíäûí òîâ÷èéã cmdBackColor, cmdQuit ãýæ

òóñ òóñ íýðëýå. Èíãýâýë ò¿¿íèé êîìàíäûí êîäûã õàðúÿ:

Private Sub cmdBackColor_Click()

Dim red, green, blue As Variant

red=txtRed.Text

green=txtGreen.Text

blue=txtBlue.Text

frmRGB01.BackColor=RGB(red, green, blue)

End Sub

Private Sub txtRed_Click()

txtRed.Text=” “

End Sub

Private Sub txtGreen_Click()

txtGreen.Text=” “

End Sub

Private Sub txtBlue_Click()

txtBlue.Text=” “

End Sub

Statement ¯ð ä¿íDim red, green, bluered=txtRed.Textgreen=txtGreen.Textblue=txtBlue.Text

Õóâüñàã÷ ¿¿ñãýõÕóâüñàã÷èä óòãà îíîîíîÕóâüñàã÷èä óòãà îíîîíîÕóâüñàã÷èä óòãà îíîîíî

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frmRGB01.BackColor=RGB(red, green, blue)

Ôîðìä ºí㺠ºãíº

Õ¿ñíýãò 3.24

Dim red, green, blue As Variant –statement-èéí õóâüä red, green, blue ãýäýã

õóâüñàã÷äûã Variant òºð뺺ð çàðëàæ áàéíà. Dim ãýäýã ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãèéã

àøèãëàí õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàíà. Õàðèí õóâüñàã÷ àøèãëààã¿é òîõèîëäîëä äàðààõ

áàéäëààð áè÷èæ áîëîõ þì.

Private Sub cmdBackColor_Click()

FrmRGB01.BackColor=RGB(txtRed.Text, txtGreen.Text, txtBlue.Text)

End Sub

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