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Date : 02.04.20 1 3

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The Addl. Chief S e c r t i a ~ ~ (Home), Govt. of Mabwhtra, Mantrdaya, Mumbai.

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bclosed berewith is a dct~iled propclsal fnr cnnducting r ime Viclimizatian Survey across

Sub :- Yrpmd br conductinn 'Crime Vict imiaon Survey' - . irl Maharash- State

Project 'Vishwas Setu' . . .

965 potice stations in Mahmshtm, for the approval of Govcrment of Maharashlra.

W u g h this proposed survey, Mahamhtra Police will obtain numerical information on the

I perceptions of the people of Maharashm on crime and security issues, police s~atinn wise. This is

1 (1 09) - District Palice - (00) (0 1) Distid Police Force - (20550 1 68) Voted - 50 O t k C h g t s ' for

I The fbnding requirements for the first suwcy may kindly be permitted to be met from

grants sanctioned under "Hmme Department - D e m ~ n d No. 8-1. Major Head - 2055 Poliec (00)

1 is requested that a separate Budget H a d may later lw crecltd For this projcel for future fimding.

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Copy a~bmitted with c;c1mpIimmt s to : me Chief S e m k y , Govt. of Mabamshtm.

the year 20 1 3-20 1 4.

Also, s im the awq is ppd to be conducted continuously on a six monthly basis, i t

(Smjew Dnyal) Director Genemi of Poliw,

Mahmhtra State, Mumbai.

With reference to thc discussion on tllis ahirxt on 22.03.20 13 after h c Statc HPC Mea tiny for Mulodemkaticm Plan*

Project Whwas Setu .C~lmkshn .Fnrvckshnn- Vfshlimns 5'atnvnrdhan

The quality of Hfe of citizens and economic prosperity are deeply influenced by public safety and secudty. Security has an important bearing on the physical and psychoIogical: well-being of citizens, An emcient publf c security system reduces crime and also makes locations attractive for business, thus promoting economic growth.

A t present, there is perceptible dissatisfaction about poljcing as a service in India. This perception on safety and state uipollcing has got enhanced due to

the constant and relentless reporting of security-related events, especially by the visual media. This state of affairs could erode public faith in police working and can Ere dangerous for overall peace and sta bfli ty. Maharashtra Police, therefore, wants to understand the pcrccptians (JT the pcople or Mal.ra~-asl~~r,~ on the state of safety and security providcd by Maharashtra Police and, more importantly, after identifyit18 the peoples' concerns, respond to improve the satisfaction levels of the people In the service we offer.

Far this project, the problem has been identilicd as two fold;

inadequacy of sensirivity by pollee in theil- professional interaction with common citizens, and Police not W n g adequate cognizance of peoples' cornplainti; on crime vicdmimtion.

Thc drallcnge lles in rolling out a progralullle: TOI. dlange In the way police respond to people's security needs. It Is a well-established management axiom that what can be measured, can finally be nianagcrl and, thercir~re, n u r first focus has to be on Iaying the foundations of measurcmel~t of the plmble~n,

I. What is it that we want to measure?

The measurement exercise aims to assess;

CAme incidence This will measure self-experienced crtrnes l ~ y h tl~~seholds, which may or may IIDL luve been reported to th; police. The crimes su~veyed will include:

Representative Property crimes surh as theft and burglary 0 Representative Body offenses such as assault, threat to Iffe or

moleskatlarr

Perception of safety Prospective fear of crime may influence households to adapt their behaviour to cope with such few. i t is important to measure such adaptations and distortions of behadour which Impose a burden on housc holds. For example, crime may appear bwer b e u s e households are too scarcd to step butside their home after dark This is a cost, and needs to be factored into thinking and shteglzfng on palfcing poliq. There are two aapects to perceptinn of safety that wilt he studied Jn the suwey* These are:

Percept~o.nofpoliceeffe;ctivcness Perception ofsafety In the Inm.a)Cly

2. How will this measurement help?

As described in the d m m c n t , the survey is fnclrs~d nn measuring a People's experience an being victims nf crime, Including general

perceptions of safety In loditfes, and People's Ieveb of comfort with their j~~risrlictlonal pnlice for repnrring dctlmization due to crime.

The measurement of crime Incidence and the measurement on perception o f safety as brought out by the household survey, will be used by the policc leadership as the baseline, from which the pol ice stations, districts and comrnissionerates will be asked to devise strategies and Introduce interventions for Improving the results far their own jutlsdfcttons, In subsequent SIX monthly surveys.

It Is expected that the survey projections of varying levels of sa tlsfaction with po!icingseruices, will lead to competitive Inlc~.ventions 111 all public facing pn1ic.e units, giving rise to improved results in subscqucnt surveys and perceptibly satisfactory state of polldng in the Statrr.

It is also expected that the survey will rcsul t in ll ie police leadership getting more comprrrhensive and granuiar information on the crime and safety levels in various jurisdiction, which wilj help i n planning optimal utIlIzation of reshurces in the department

If less than 0.1% of the expenditure from police budget can lead to even 10% of

improvement in police perception and functinning, then this will be a major achievement for Maharashtra Pollce, and set an example for police departmel~ts across the coutihy to folluw.

3. How 'WIU we do this measuremenl?

Crime lnddence and pc~eptlon of safety will be measured thmugh regular (six monthly) household surveys. These will be pancl-data surveys in that the same households will be approached every six months. This invalves the design of a questionnaire and sampling scheme, and the actual Implementation of the survey. The prrllce alreadyrelease omcia1 MIS records of crime and these could be used for comparison with survey rcsul ts.

Survey Deslgn Survey inrtnrmen t The survey will consist of three sections. Thc first section will record demogmp hlc demils of the household.

The second section will ask if househnld m r m b r t ~ were victims nf crimes S I I C ~

as theft, burglary, harassment, or assault, It will also ask if househol& chose to report the crime to the poiice.

The third section will ask questions on household perceptions of their pol ice and their perceptfan of safety in their locality.

A preliminary desfgn of the sunreyinstrument is presented fn the Appendix,

Sump ling design The goal of this exercise is to measure crime incidence and perception of safety across all police stations in the state. The primaby 11ni1 fnr the survey ~411, therefore, be the police station A set of households in each jurisdiction will be selected through a simple random sampling scheme.

The sumey will be conducted across 965 pnlice srations in Maharashtra [excluding the police stations in Naxal affected areas of the State and also uccludlng thost! &at record cyber mimes or electricity theft cases exdusively). A sample size of about 191 households for cach police station lulmisdIction will mean that the total sample she will be approximately 185000 households. A preliminary descrlptlon of the sample size is provided in the Appendix.

Su rvey implemen tatlon

It is felt that the survey ior this unlque project needs to implemented by an agenq which not only has the requisite cxpcrtfsc fnr conduct and analysis of surveys but also has not earlier assnciatcd in any way with the police. W e believe thls is important for the sunrey project and its resulb to be acceptable to both the police and the people,

The overall management and oversight on the survey will rest with selected survey agency. It will be responsible for any sub-contracting that it may do to

carry out the actual data-collection. It wlll alsn he responsible a separate process for quality correction. Flnatly, sclcctcd slllvey ageticy will be ret111i1~ad

to produce data-files on schedule.

4. Operational aspects

Maharash tra Police has had substantial guidance and help from two academicians of repute, Dr Ajay Shah, Professor, National institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi and Dr Ilenu ka Sane, of lndira Gandhi t n s t i t l ~ ~ c for Developmental Research, Mumbai, for conceptualizing this project which can be a huge step fomrd on improving satisfaction levels on policing in Maharashtra. We would like to canthue to have their guidance and advice as Consultants to thls project. Their willingness for this purpose is in Appendix-11.

The project will involve the following broad steps:

I. The Maharashtra Police wilt enter Into a detafled contract with the selected survey agency for the execution of the six monthly survey, initially Tor a period of three years.

2. Maharashtm Police wlll form a steering committee for this project, which will be assisted by the Consultants, Dr Ajay Shah and Dr Renuka Sane. This Committee wtll co-ordina te wl th the selected survey agency on decisions on data collectfon and analysis.

Tlie funding requlrernents of the project are as follows:

Survey costs for a sample of 185000 households, at an approxi~na tc cost of Rs.100 per household: Rs. 2 crore for one survey and &. 4. crow for two surveys a year. Lumpsum Grants for the two Consultants: R s 20 lacs. Tohl survey costs per year Rs. 4 crol-e 20 lacs, This is about 0,08% of

the total budget of Maharashtra Police.

Project Vhbwaa Sctu $&ha Smvi~hmr- Yish 8.a~ Sam~~drdhan

Appendix I - * Crime vlctlrnizatlon and safety perception survey

Field Reprmrtta live Identification:

Region: Dn te of Inten.icrtt: DAYMONTH/YEAR A. r)emogr~phics 1 . Household In: 2. Household composition and characlerisrics [cnpr~~rr dctni !? o f t!lc cn tirc h~uscl~old')

( - 1 : Name R l k t o A p Gender Educn!ln %lrn'lal Orrullali hlontl~ly Hrliginn SC&T rcapondc II s t a i ~ ~ a on Income .I

Relationship Q rwpondent: a) SeIfb) Husband c) Wife d) P m t t) Child f) Sibling g) Other Gemdtc a) Male b) Female Education: a) IIIikrate b) Class I - Ckss XI1 c] Upto gduation d) Graduate and a b v c c)Technial diploma Marital status:

. - 4 - a)Single(nevermarricd)b)M~#lcjDivo~edlSepamlcdd)Widnr~~cd

Occupation (in the last six months): a) AgriculturJDajl b) Salaricd employee c) Busirltss d) Scl f employed professional (doctor/lawp) c) Howewik fi Rctitcd g) Hawktr/$mall businesfi1oine-based husincss

Religion: a) Hindu b) Muslim 9Christbn d) Sikh t) Other 3. How !on8 havt you t ived at h i s address? (in ycnrs)

4. What is your mother-tangue? 5. Do you speak Marathi? a) Yes b) No 6. HousehoM assets: Do you own a

a) Television b) Refrigerator

I) B u l l w r n w s g) Agricultural imp1erncnf.s

h) Other household irnplcments c) Two-wkelerlCar d) Cellphone c) Computer

7.1s the homt you live in your own or rented? a) m t d without mortgage b) Owned, but paying off mortgage c) Rented

8. Do you own agricultuml land? a) Ya b) No

9. h you have the following in your home? a) E W i c i ~ y cummiion Ir) Private roiicr c) Cooking gas d) Tap-water

10, Do you have a bank account? a) Ycs b) No I I . Do you haw a PAW card/ Aadhar card? a) Yes h) Nn B. Inddenee of crime I am going to give you some examples that will give you an idea of the kinds of crimes &is study covers. AS I go thro~rgh them, tell me if any o f thcsc happcncd to you in rhe lasl six motlths, lhnr is 5incc D.VE. B. 1.1. Wfls something belonging to you (or household mcmbers) stokn, such as

a) Things you carry, like luggage, wallet, pmc, jewellery, ctllphone

b) Things in yaur home, like a TV, computer, cmh. ,icnvcl lcrj;, car. farm oquiprncnl

I .2. How many h a s ? I .3. What happened? B.2. I. Other than incidents a h d y m n t i o d has: anyone

a) Emken in or attempted ta break inm your home by forcing a door or window, manipal~ing a jock, w entering through an open doot or window?

2.2 How many times? 2.3. What happened? B.3.1. Other than incidents almdy mentioned did anynnt in the Family (such as spouse or in-laws) or ouhjrie

the family 8 ) Pbysica l Iy assault you: grabbEd/shovdsla~d/bt b) Attnck you by throwing rackdmttlcs at you

c) Atrack you with a gun or a knife d ) Atlack you any other way

3.2. Where did this happen? a) In your (or ficndslfamily's) home b) At yaur workplace c) At commercial p h s ( m a l l / ~ t t r / ~ u r a n t ) d) In open areadon the strattlpublic transportation

3.3. IIow nlarly tirr~es?

3.4. What hqpencd? B.4 1 .Oh; than incidents already mentioned. did anyone harass you by

a) Sending unwanted rnasagdmaking telephone calls b) Keep following yodwaiiing outsidt your placc of work or home c) Not allow you to carry a t regular business 6) Threaten you (or )Pour family) with consequences if you did not obey.

4.2. How many times? 4.3. What bppencd? 4.4. (To women resp6ndents). Have yuu mpericnd my of&c followhg?

a) W d sexual comments by men in public places b) Continuously d at is a kwd or thrcalening mannerffollowed by men till you wem

uncom~orhblt C ) Touched indectntlylgropedlpinched by men in p~~hlic places

dl b M 4.5. Haw many times? B.5. I . Did anything you thought was a crime happen to you but yw did MOT repod to the pali*? 5.2. W h y did you not report to the police?

a) Far of retnlialian b) hick of evidcncc C) Pidn'r know where to report d) Did not think the police would entertain your aoulplainI

e) Did not think the police would h able to da anything about the case

C. 1 . If your son was out at night, by wbat time would you sttvl wo~tying for bis safety?

he, r ) 7pm b) 8pm c] Bpm dl 1Opm t) 11 pm f ) ARM midniflt g) Would not worry C.2. I f your daughter was out at nigh4 by witat timc woatfd ! 1111 sh r ( WOKJ ing for her sal'cly"

a) 7pm b) 8pm c) 9pm d) IOpm c) 1 1 pm T) A b rnidnigltt g) Would not worry

C.3. Do you fee1 safE leaving your hame Imked for many days? a) Ym b)No

C.4. How would you desdbt your mm in terms ofa imt?

a) Low crlmc b) Modem& erimc

c) Hi& c.rime C.5. What in your opinion is the single most prevalent crimc in your arca?

C.b.(For subquent surveys) In comparison lo the )as1 three rndnths has crime in *is area a) Increased

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The goal of the project is to m e w = crime incidence and perception of safoty across 965 police stations in the state. Th ia document lays out the broad [he sampling schc~ne for ouch an exercise.

SampUng Umil the focus of the project is crime incidence and perception of safety at [he level of a police station, !he

primary unit for the survey will be tfic police station. A scl of households in cach Jurisrlictian will be sciccted through a simpkc random sampling schcmc. The survey will be ca~ducted across 965 policc stations in Mhamihtra (cxchading police wtions in Naxet affec led areas d pol ice stations that re.cord cybcr crimes or electricity thefts exclusively). This wiH allow estimates to be mapped In r ~ c h pnlict statinn.

Sampk dite The wpr~pritlte sample size for a s w e y is determined by i) the eqtimzlted prevalence of the variable of in tcm ii) the desirul lcvcl of confidence and i i i ) the accrptablc margin of error. From crbi~e records. M&whtrtl repons 182 crimes per IOO,OOQ popr~lation. I V crime rate 0.2%. Thcrc i s hn~vcver cansihble anxiety over the discrepancy between occurrence of crime and its reporting, For the purpox r t f

thc survey we t l ~ e h f u ~ u u m e a crime mtc of 0.5%. We sc1 our c o n f i d e m level at 96%, and a margin of m r of 1%. This implies that if the survey were conducted 100 t ime, h e data would bc within 1% &()nuc

below the percentage report4 tn 95 ofthe I OQ surveys. This leads us to a sample size n f nbr?u~ I 91 homeholds p r police station, or a total m p l e size of mtrghk 185,000 across all police stations in the stale.