vishnupriya
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Water
Safe SustainableAnd for all
Chennai – An Overview
Chennai district has tropical maritime monsoon The annual rainfall in Chennai is in the range of 1200 - 1300 mm On an average Chennai receives rainfall for 300 hours throughout the year The city receives more rainfall during north-east monsoon i.e., in the month
of October to December After the severe drought of 1992 & 1993 Metro Water began to take active
part in promoting rain water harvesting
The main sources of public water supply in the city are the three reservoirs - Poondi, Redhills and Cholavaram - with an aggregate storage capacity of 175 MCM.
Cost of metro water tanker 10kiloliters varies from 600-850 rupees depending on the type of occupation
At the peak of summer 2002 year, a 12,000 litre tanker of water cost as much as Rs 1,500 to Rs 2,000
there is a total of about 800 Kms length network of storm water drains in the city
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2001 2011 2021
demandsupply
1070
1547
675
1327
675
971
MIllIon
L/day
Jan...1.2Feb...0.3Mar...0.2Apr...0.6May...1.5Jun...2.4Jul...3.9Aug...5.4Sep...4.8Oct...11.1Nov...14.0Dec...5.6
Average Monthly Rainfall in Chennai (in inches)
Water Requirements per person
Purpose Litres Per day Litres Per month
Litres Per year
Drinking 3 90 1080
Cooking 4 120 1440
Flushing 40 1200 14400
Bathing 20 600 7200
Washing clothes 25 750 9000
Washing Utensils
20 600 7200
Gardening 23 690 8280
Total 135 4050 48600
Grey water 65 1950 23400
4
Water Management System5
BORE WELL
/GREY WATER PIT
OVER HEAD TANK
• Bathing• Washing• Cleaning
Sources of Grey Water
SIDE STRAPPED TANK
CAN BE RECYCLED AND USED
Drinking
Cooking
Grey water Systems6
Grey water refers to the reuse of water drained from baths, showers, washing machines, and sinks (household wastewater excluding toilet wastes) for irrigation and other water conservation applications.
Existing Rain water Pit
The site consists of two floors with four dwelling units. The total number of people dwelling is 20.
The existing pit is of 2 feet X 2 feet X 30 dimension. This has the capacity of 3398 liters of water.
Total roof top area 60sqm Total consumption per day 2700 total grey water produced 1300liters per day 800 liters of grey can be reused to flush toilets
Site Analysis8
SOURCES OF WATER • RAIN WATER • BORE WATER• MUNICIPAL WATER
Building Layout 9Water harvested in the building with a flat terrace area of 60
sq .m The average annual rainfall in Chennai is approximately 1300mm. In simple terms, this means that if all the rain that falls on the terrace is retained, then in one year there will be rain water on the terrace floor to a height of 1300mm.Area of Terrace :60 sq. m.
Height of rainfall:1.30m (1300
mm)
Volume of rainfall over the TerraceAssuming that 90% of the total rainfall is effectively
harvested.Volume of water harvested = 78000x0.9 = 70200 liters
That means ( 70200 / 365 ~ ) 192 liters of water per day will be available for the household.
Water required per day 72L/PERSON portable water
Area x Height of Rainfall
60 sq. m. x 1.30 m
:78 cu. m. (78,000 liters)
Amount of water required per day ---20X135 = 2700L
Water reused [GREY WATER ---20X63 =1260
Hence the water harvested is insufficient and needs more of water management systems
Design Solutions & Benefits Water friendly building
design DESIGNING BUILDINGS FOR WATER Designing with buildings which are self contained with water storing
methods rather than filling up the house with water drums. The method used consists of two horizontal ferro cement pre cast units of
size 4m X 1m These units are present in each of the floors These units can be supported by the lintel beams of the existing building or
they can be supported by the floor slab the other options are floating columns.
Other materials like PVC pipes with large diameters can also be used as storage units
For good aesthetical appearance fiber glass can be used Making rain water 100% efficient by using rain water directly by connecting
tank to water closet and tapping it without even flushing the first rain Rain water which is not used for consumption directly can be used for non
portable
10
1.5m
1m
Area of the tank 1sqm
Height 1m
Volume 1000L OF WATER
Design12Merits
• Maximizing the water usage during rain
• Save electricity used to pump the water to the over head tank during rains by directly using water from these tanks
• During summer time this tank can be used to store geen water which is treated at the roof level
• Great aesthetical appearance since they can b designed as per the building styles
• Landscaping can be done over these to further improve the design
• Over head water tank over flow water can also be saved
• Do not occupy space or cause any hindrances like the water cans or drums since they are designed at the initial stages of planning depending on the water requirement
Design13
De Merits
• The tank is left unused in case there is no rainfall
• There will be 2 or 3 different plumbing lines
• if in case the tanks are used to store grey water during summer they must be cleaned and maintained well before the rain starts
• Water proofing must be done carefully else chances
Of water seepage into the walls
Design Solutions & Benefits14
For future projects
Sunken slab for grey water treatment landscape .
Size of tank to store 1000L of water
1mx2mx
15
References
www.akash-ganga-rwh.com
http://www.chennaimetrowater.tn.nic.in/rwh/rainwaterwhy.htm
www.rainwaterclub.org
http:/www.livingroofs.org/livingpages/
C.VISHNU PRIYA BHARATH INSTITUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION