VISCOPLEX® Pour Point Depressant technologiesHigh-performance solutions for low-temperature challenges

Evonik's Oil Additives business line is the leading developer of high-performance lubricant additives and synthetic base fluids marketed under the brand names VISCOPLEX® and VISCOBASE® for use in automotive and industrial lubricants. Based on polyalkyl-methacrylate (PAMA) chemistry, a comprehensive line of Pour Point Depressant (PPD) products delivers robust low-temperature performance that adapts to a variety of base oils, performance packages and viscosity modifiers. With over 70 years of PPD expertise, the Oil Additives specialists at Evonik partner with formulators to develop custom PPD solutions for the toughest low-temperature challenges while providing dedicated technical support.

The advantages of VISCOPLEX® PPDs:

• Bringing customer-specific solutions through custom-designed PPDs

• Reliable, proven performance above industry standards

• Global technical support and supply security

• Help in achieving optimum performance for your product and application

Solving low-temperature challenges for over 70 years

2

Paraffin crystal formation and relationship to cold flow

n-paraffins withoutVISCOPLEX® PPD

VISCOPLEX® PPD

Temperature Crystal growth Agglomeration/gelationNucleation

Without PPD

With VISCOPLEX® PPD

Impr

oved

col

d flo

w

Crystal size

Sign

ifica

nt te

mpe

ratu

re

redu

ctio

n

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It’s a well-known fact that most oils contain small amounts of waxy material. Less common is the know-how to select the ideal PPD solution to achieve optimal performance, meet used-oil pumpability requirements, and ensure compatibility with other components of the formulation. Evonik's Oil Additives Team has achieved this level of expertise through over 70 years of research, product development, close collaboration with leading industry formulators, and application testing of innovative polymer architectures.

Evonik's VISCOPLEX® PPDs are based on the versatility of polyalkylmethacrylate (PAMA) chemistry, whose general structure is as follows:

The Oil Additives specialists at Evonik carefully engineer the waxy alkyl groups in R and the chain-length distribution to match wax molecules in the oil, helping to achieve the best pour point depressant activity.

Continuing innovation with VISCOPLEX® PPDs

CH 3

CO2R

- (-CH2 - C -)x

Group R is a mixture of alkyl groups from C1 to C22.

Crystalline unit formed by VISCOPLEX® PPD

VISCOPLEX® Polymer backbone

Crystalline unit formed by n-paraffins

Crystallization of wax molecules below cloud point temperature

Mainly lateral growth forms needles or plates

Wax crystal structure continues to grow

Large, structured 3D crystal network formation, crystal size > 100µm, oil ceases to flow

Co-crystallization occurs between wax molecules and VISCOPLEX® PPD crystalline units

VISCOPLEX® PPD modifies wax crystal growth

Interlocking of wax crystals is prevented, leading to smaller and more random structure

No aggregation of gel-like wax network, oil continues to flow without yield stress

Without VISCOPLEX® PPD

With VISCOPLEX® PPD

How VISCOPLEX® PPDs modify wax crystals at low temperatures

VISCOPLEX® PPD solutions to meet the most severe low-temperature test requirements

A significant challenge when selecting a PPD is the sometimes conflicting requirements among low-temperature tests, which have differences in cooling rates, shear rates, and conditioning times. The ideal PPD would provide the appropriate level of wax control to meet all required specifications, such as MRV TP-1 and SBT. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider all of the cold-temperature requirements of a lubricant, as a passing result in one test does not guarantee success in other tests.

Mini-Rotary Viscometer (MRV TP-1) Yield Stress and Scanning Brookfield Technique (SBT) Gelation Index

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Base stock alone does not determine which PPD is right for youThere are many factors that affect the proper selection of the right PPD for a formulation. The Oil Additives specialists at Evonik can help identify key factors, evaluate options and fine-tune Pour Point Depressant choice to best meet formulators’ needs.

Factors that affect PPD selection and treat rate:

• Base stock• Other waxy components

• Detergents and friction modifiers • Viscosity modifiers

• Test methods required by different specifications• Low-temperature performance reversion• Aged-oil pumpability requirements

VISCOPLEX® PPD performance in base stock and fully formulated oil

AST

M D

4684

- Y

ield

Str

ess,

Pa PPD 1 @ 0.1wt% PPD 2 @ 0.1wt%

<140

<105

<70

<35

150N Oil SAE 10W-40

fail

pass

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VISCOPLEX® PPD solutions for modern lubricant specifications Due to oxidation, aged-oil low-temperature rheology is an important specification in ILSAC GF-5. The ASTM D7528 ROBO bench test is an effective alternative to the costly Sequence IIIGA engine test. Developed by Evonik's Oil Additives Team, the ROBO test provides significant cost and time savings. Evonik offers ROBO technology to help customers screen PPDs and develop formulations meeting the GF-5 used oil specifications and the future GF-6 specifications.

Not all PPDs that work in fresh oils work in aged oils

MRV

TP-

1 V

iscos

ity, P

PPD-1 PPD-2 PPD-3

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

Fresh Used oil oxidized by ROBO

Different PPD low-temperature performance in fresh 5W oil (at -35°C) versus aged oil (at -30°C)

fail

pass

6

VISCOPLEX® PPDs – a vital part of any formulationRegulations and industry standards are evolving rapidly. In such an environment of constant change, the value of a PPD comes from its ability to not only exceed these standards but also perform equally well with nearly any additive, DI package, viscosity modifier, or base stock. Formulators gain added product flexibility and the peace of mind that comes from knowing that, unlike some lubricant components, VISCOPLEX® PPDs will continue to reliably provide excellent low-temperature performance enhancement.

VISCOPLEX® PPD solutions for commercial viscosity modifiers

SAE viscosity gradeSAE 5W-30, meeting SAE J300 and ILSAC GF-5 low-temperature requirement

VII chemistryHE-OCP, 50 SSI

HE-OCP, 35 SSI

LE-OCP, 50 SSI

Styrene- Isoprene, 50 SSI

VISCOPLEX® PPD A A B B

PPD treat rate, % 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3

MRV TP-1 @ -35ºC, ASTM D4684

Viscosity, cP 17,600 17,500 22,900 20,700

Yield Stress, Pa <35 <35 <35 <35

The ROBO test is an alternative to the Sequence IIIGA. TMC-certified ROBO units are utilized in both the Evonik Oil Additives Americas and Asia Pacific technology centers.

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VISCOPLEX® PPD technology keeps pace with today’s Group III and Group III+ base stocksToday’s array of different refining technologies and global sourcing of crude oils results in a wide range of molecular structures within the wax present in oils. In addition, Group III and Group III+ base stocks, which are quite different from traditional base stocks, are highly saturated with long-chain hydrocarbons, necessitating new PPD technologies like those incorporated in VISCOPLEX® PPDs.

Performance of VISCOPLEX® PPDs in Group III (4 cSt) base stock

Pour

Poi

nt, º

C (A

STM

D97

)

@ 0.0wt.% @ 0.2wt.% @ 0.4wt.% @ 0.6wt.%

-25 -30/-30/-30 -53/-52 /-57 -51/-56/-59 -53/-57/-60

-30

-35

-40

-45

-50

-55

-60

VISCOPLEX 1-254 VISCOPLEX 1-304 VISCOPLEX 1-180

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As industry trends and specifications shift, formulators may need to modify formulations to continue providing state-of-the-art fluids. With its broad PPD portfolio, Evonik's ability to custom-tailor one PPD to satisfy multiple formulations simplifies logistics for its customers. Evonik's Oil Additives Team is committed to providing ongoing support – not just during your initial PPD selection, but also throughout fluid formulation, production and future development.

Committed to ongoing support

VISCOPLEX® versatility – one PPD for multiple formulations

Applications 5W-30 75W-140 ISO 46 THF(1) ATF(2)

PPD treat rate, % 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2

ASTM D97, Pour Point, °C -36 -39 -42 -45 -45

ASTM D2983, Brookfield viscosity @ -40°C, cP

N/A 143,000(3) 42,000 12,800(1) 9,400(2)

ASTM D4684, MRV TP-1 @ -35°C

Viscosity, cP 17,300 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Yield stress, Pa <35

(1) Tractor hydraulic fluid: meeting John Deere J20D maximum viscosity specification of 20,000 cP at -40°C

(2) Automatic transmission fluid: meeting DEXRON VI maximum viscosity specification of 15,000 cP at -40°C

(3) Meeting J306 specification of 150,000 cP at -40°C

Guide to VISCOPLEX® PPD series selection

VISCOPLEX® series 1-1 series 1-2 series 1-3 series 1-4 series 1-6 series 1-7 series 1-8 series 10 series

Robust PPDs for conventional formulations

Tailored wax-interaction strength for maximum performance in modern lube formulations

General purpose with VI lift

For biodegradable lubricants

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VISCOPLEX® PPD for environmentally friendly lubricants

New VISCOPLEX® PPD technology for food-grade applicationsVISCOPLEX® 1-135 is specially designed for use in Group III and white oil-based lubricants with incidental food contact. VISCOPLEX® 1-135, which is NSF HX-1 approved, in combination with white oils can be a cost-effective alternative to synthetic base stocks when formulating high-performance food-grade lubricants used at very low temperatures.

VISCOPLEX® 1-135 food grade PPD is kosher approved and halal certified.

Demand for environmentally friendly lubricants is growing, and Evonik's PPDs help to address the unique low temperature challenges of these specialty fluids. VISCOPLEX® series 10 PPDs are manufactured and delivered in biodegradable diluent oils and maintain the environmental characteristics of the finished lubricants. VISCOPLEX® series 10 PPDs are designed to improve cold flow properties in vegetable oils, polyglycols and synthetic esters, and to stabilize oil fluidity during extended storage.

Commercial white oil/KV40°C = 23cSt, PP = -12°CTe

mp

/ °C

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9Treat rate / wt.% VISCOPLEX® 1-135

Up

to 3

3°C

Pou

r Poi

nt re

duct

ion

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

-45

-50

10

Evonik's Oil Additives Team:

• Developed the first modern PPD formulation based on API Group II stocks when the first API Group II oil was released

• Created the first PPD to meet test requirements after the introduction of the MRV TP-1 test method

Evonik offers its partners over 70 years of experience developing base stocks and additive technologies that exceed market and industry specifications.

• Helped solve low-temperature challenges when high-ethylene OCP VM entered the market

• Invented the innovative ROBO bench test and reduced the time and cost of identifying PPD solutions for aged-oil low-temperature performance requirements

Evonik's Oil Additives Team – a partner providing the leading PPD technologiesA history of innovative PPD solutions

Prepared for the future, the Oil Additives specialists at Evonik actively develop new PPDs for highly hydrogenated base stocks and other new requirements in the years ahead.

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As a part of Evonik Industries, the global market leader in specialty chemicals, Evonik's Oil Additives Team draws upon a robust and secure supply chain. The global scale of Evonik's oil additives operations helps ensure uninterrupted supply, rapid and localized production and efficient delivery.

Contact Evonik's Oil Additives specialists today for low-temperature formulation and testing guidance. To request a copy of the Evonik's VISCOPLEX® PPD treatise, scan the QR code, or visit evonik.com/oil-additives.

Experts wherever you need them

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United States

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Germany

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Headquarters

Regional offices

Technology centers

Manufacturing facilities

Sales offices & representatives

This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts and is the sole responsibility of the customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.

VISCOPLEX®, VISCOBASE®, DRIVON™, DYNAVIS® and NUFLUX™ are registered trademarks of Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH. ©05/2017 EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG – v1

EUROPE, AFRICA, MIDEASTEvonik Resource Efficiency GmbHKirschenallee64293 DarmstadtGermany

PHONE +49 6151 1809FAX +49 6151 18-4100

oil-additives@evonik.comwww.evonik.com/oil-additives

AMERICASEvonik Oil Additives USA, Inc.723 Electronic DriveHorsham, PA 19044-4050USA

PHONE +1 215 706-5800FAX +1 215 706-5801TOll-FrEE +1 888 876-4629

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PHONE +65 6809-6571FAX +65 6809-6707