Virginia as APUSH Review

Chesapeake colony

1607 “success” Jamestown (better than Roanoke)

John Smith and others, harsh rule to surviveJoint stock company, private business ventureCharter protects Englishmen’s rightsIndians treated like Irish

Tobacco, not gold

Tobacco crazeJohn RolfeDispersed settlement pattern slows dev of

townsIndentured servants, high mortality rate,

class system preservedGender imbalance (1619 whole boat of

women)Slavery, especially after Bacon’s Reb

Conflicts with (Catholic) Maryland – colonies are not coordinated effort

Settlement south into North CarolinaChurch strong – Anglican church established,

supported by taxesChurch weak – frontier, colonies unattractive

to Euro (William and Mary 1693 for Anglican ministers)

Dependent on exports

aristocracy

Headright systemHouse of BurgessesPlantationsCopy English fashion, architecture, buy artControl society in rural colony (few cities and

towns)Accustomed to dominating social, religious,

econ lifeProvide valuable leadership to Am Revolution

Start Fr & Indi War

Land hunger for farming Ohio ValleyLand speculation

Suffers in Pontiac’s RebellionSuffers post-war recession

Great Awakening

In Virginia, c. 1750sWars, frontier expansion, immigration,

Enlightenment ideas need for stronger church presence

Anglican Church already supported by taxes, but too few ministers (scarcity leads to William and Mary 1693)

Questioned slavery, wasteful ways of living

Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions 1765

Also called Virginia ResolvesLoyal subjectsFull rights of English in England, including

no unreasonable taxNo taxation w/o representation, so refuse to

recognize any taxation except laid by Virginia

Revolutionary state constitutions

1776 first state to adopt republican constitution

Weak executiveSeparation of powersDeclaration of rights

American Revolution

Lost slaves to British promises of freedomIssue of compensation plagues relations after

AmRev

Virginia Plan

big states control Congress and Presidency

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

States’ rights; theory -- Constitution ratified by states

Guard against Federalists, esp. Alien and Sedition Acts

Federalists at time control all three branches of gov; what is minority to do to protect itself?

3/5 rule

South had 40% of white pop in 1790In 1800 extra electoral votes gave Jefferson

victory over Adams

Gabriel’s Rebellion 1800

Virginia Dynasty – Wash, Jeff, Mad, Monr

Nat Turner 1831

Outgunned, outnumbered, outorganizedBecomes bogeymanNot joined by everyone – fear, family

Leads to Virginia debate over slavery 1831-32

Abolitionism alive after RevolutionMountain people against slavery (class

differences)3700 freed slaves go to Liberia

Upper South state

Slavery still importantSell slaves to west, further southSocial system revolved around race Fourth largest wheat producing state 1850s

Deep South making more money, population shift

Sectionalism, conflict

Harpers Ferry armoryWatchful for northerners entering state, even

peacefullyEdmund Ruffin goes to South Carolina to fire

first short of Civil WarVirginia only joins Confederacy after Fort

SumterWest Virginia breaks away

Tredegar Ironworks in Richmond

Reconstruction gov’t

Dominated by freedmen, scalaways, carpetbaggers

Tax reformFree public education for first timeFreedmen’s Bureau used Confederate properties

to provide buildings for schools; Northern white female teachers

FB fed, employed, was only protection in many cases

1870 Redeemers gained control, Reconstruction in VA effectively ends

Civil War

89% of eligible men served in Confed army (155,000)

32,000 for NorthCorrelation between slaveowning and

enlistment for South

Voted John Bell, Constitutional Union Party 1860

Votes for Democratic President 1876-1948 except for 1928 (Hoover)

Then Republican 1952-2004 except for 1964 (LBJ)

Prohibition starts in 1916Easier to maintain political machine if blacks

disenfranchised (no vote, no serve on jury)

Booker T. Washington – accommodationist Economic worth to gain social equality

Civil Rights

Some Virginia public schools closed for entire 1958-59 school year rather than integrate

Freedom Rides 1961 from D.C., through Virginia, etc. to Louisiana – forced JFK to act