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Christine GEORGES

CEA/DEN/DDCC christine.georges@cea.fr

VIEWS ON INTERNATIONAL

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN

NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING

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Brussels, January 23th, 2018

Brussels, January 22th, 2018

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Various dismantling techniques allready at the level of industrial

maturity

But still specific challenges ahead regarding safety, environmental

impacts, efficiency and cost-effectiveness

1. STILL NEEDS FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN D&ER

EXAMPLES OF NEEDS FROM R&D FOR D&ER

IN SITU AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS

DECONTAMINATION AND SITE RELEASE

WASTE AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT

METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D

• Better knowledge of radiological and physical states before,

during and after D&D for best scenario and to control hazards

• Better predictive data for treatment, storage/disposal facilities

• Reduction of integrated doses

• Optimization of samplings

• Segmentation and handling : Improvement of cutting yields with

limited airsols and waste

• Comparison of scenarios, qualification, training , communication

•Efficient treatment for complex radioactive wastes

•Minimization of generated waste (e.g. Thermal processes, new

matrices, Treatment of Mercury, Sodium, Tritium, etc.

•Increased efficiency for strucure and soil decontamination,

adapted to site utilities

•Waste optimization

•Tools for estimation of overall costs

•Tools for transportation and waste management

•Tools for simulation of scenarios and data management, Network of

interconnected operational IT tools for management and anticipation.

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On one hand: • Increasing difficulties for Individual countries to justify

expenditures on new developments

• Reluctance to use innovative technologies and search for

approved technologies to minimize risks

On the other hand: • Significant redundancy in current R&D programmes for

Decommissioning in different countries

• Lot of exchanges between operators one by one or through

IAEA/OCDE or bilateral collaboration agreement but very

difficult to build projects in common in D&ER before 2017

(beginning in 2017 with H2020 projects INSIDER,

THERAMIN)

•

Incentives to “SHARE” initiative as an output of Madrid

2016 conference:

• Need of Public research to provide solutions to D&ER

challenges

• Promotion and organization at multinational level of the

co-financing of R&D developments in D&ER by actors

with common objectives

2. MORE IMPULSE NEEDED TO USE RESULTS

OF R&D IN D&ER

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« SHARE » INITIATIVE – SCOPE & EXPECTED IMPACT

Scope: To strengthen international networking and complementarity

between national research programmes for decommissioning:

Identification of R&I needs by actors in charge of D&ER projects

Identification of innovative techniques and methods where there is a clear

benefit from multiparty implementation. Depending on TRL level: R&I co-

financed, licenses for industrialization, mutualized pilot workshops, etc.

Proposal of possible funding schemes for collaborative projects addressing

those needs and development of a framework for coordination of the

implementation of selected projects

Create a place for Periodical exchanges to update the road map and initiate

new projects in common

Decision to propose this project under EURATOM Research and Training

Programme Horizon 2020 as an Initial step: 2 years Coordination and Support

Action (CSA)

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CALL EURATOM H2020 PUBLISHED OCTOBER 26TH

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SCHEDULE – ZOOM 2017/2018

2016

DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

First Draft *

Meetings * * * *

Designation of

WP leaders Choice of PMO * List of partners

Call WP2018

dead line for

submission

WP2018

Implementation

SHARE

future RTD call

for R&D

Implementation

of cofinanced

R&D

2021 20212017 2018 2019 2020

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SOURCES AND LINKS

When writing the proposal, as imputs from past initiatives and in the future as partners::

• JOPRAD JP-RWM,

• OECD WPDD, CPD, NI2050,

• (WIKI, etc.), Environet, IPN, etc.

• EC (DB Tool, TND, CND, various platforms…)

• Outputs from conferences and workshops

• Websites (e.g: IRID, etc.)

• etc.

“Consortium”

core group having the capability to address all the

topics of the call and to dedicate time in the project

composed by no more than a dozen of institutions

“profile” : mainly “problem owners”

Includes work package leaders and Topics leads

“Expert Review Panel”

Direct involvement in project information flow,

in particular reviewing, assessing and commenting

upon the project deliverables.

“Broader stakeholder-group”

Key source of information concerning needs and

priorities, in particular through feed-back to

questionnaires and workshops.

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Consortium

Expert Review

pannel

Broader stakeholder-group

- Cooperation with non-EU countries seen as a potential promising path

- International organizations (IAEA , OECD ) providing technical support

ACTORS INVOLVED THE PROJECT

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WAY FORWARDS

All entities involved in R&I for D&ER are welcome

and, at least will be contacted as stakeholders

Call EU H2020 WP2018 October 2017

End of September 2018

List of partners to be fixed by end of 2017 and list of advisory committee by March 2018

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• 5 previous editions : 1992, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013

• In 2013: 115 oral

papers, 355

participants from 22

countries

• Up to now : 209

papers registered for

DEM2018

DEM2018 – Avignon October 22th /24th

International conference focused on D&ER

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• Dismantling Strategy and Program Development

• Regulation Evolution

• Initial Radiological State Characterization

• Project Feedback Experience

• Buildings and Sites Rehabilitation

• Material and Radioactive Waste Management

• Economic and Financial Aspects

• Stakeholders Involvements and Public Acceptance

• Development of New D&Ds' Technologies

• Digital Contribution to Dismantling Operations

• Fukushima: feedback and operation in progress

DEM2018 – call for paper and registration

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CEA among other operators is in charge of numerous facilities under

decommissioning and of legacy waste, with contamination levels

sometimes very high, and a wide diversity from laboratory scale to

industrial plants.

R&D has a special role in support of these programs , helping:

- to reduce cost, schedule , doses and optimize waste management

- to improve safety and security

Opportunity for sharing with other contracting authorities the development

of solutions on same challenges

CONCLUSION

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Thank you

for your attention

Hope to see you

in Avignon

next October

ANNEXES

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Wide variety of facilities with no

series effect

• Reactors: pool-type, fast breeder,

gas graphite…

• Accelerators and irradiators,

• Fuel cycle laboratories, workshops

and plants

• Waste treatment and storage

facilities

Different facility sizes

• Reactors: Ulysse (piloting training)

-> Phénix (Industrial)

• Facilities : FAR or LAMA -> UP1

High contaminated areas

Wide Waste diversity

History and traceability of Old

nuclear facilities

SPECIAL FEATURES OF CEA D&ER

PROJECTS

600 M€/year 800 CEA

employees and about 2500

employees from supply chain

P 16

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Saclay

Grenoble

Cadarache

Marcoule

HARMONIE, RAPSODIE, PHEBUS ATPu, ATUE, STED, INB56, EOLE-

MINERVE, MCMF

SILOETTE, MELUSINE, SILOE, Active materials analysis lab (LAMA), effluent

and waste treatment station (STED/STEL)

LHA, ULYSSE, OSIRIS, INB 72, ORPHEE

APM, UP1, PHENIX

INB 165 & 166: STED/STEL

RM2, Bldg. 18

COMPLETED ON GOING UPCOMING

G1, G2, G3

Fontenay-aux-Roses

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SCOPE UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY

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Saclay

Grenoble

Cadarache

Marcoule

RCD 56

INB 35

UP1 : RCD bitumen and other waste

INB 166

Fontenay-aux-Roses

Legacy waste

Effluents

INB 72

Used fuel

PEGASE

Tank emptying in ATALANTE facility

UP1 Mg pits

Piscine PEGASE

CIRCE (effluents container)

Hangar

Trenches (INB56 CAD)

INB 72

Bitumen drums

Recovery of waste in pits

PHENIX

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SCOPE (LEGACY WASTE, EFFLUENTS, USED FUEL) UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY

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NUCLEAR SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

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PROJECTS DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO A DIVISION OF THE NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR

Nuclear Energy Sector

Quality & environment directorate Human resources division

Transversal programs

Projet A&D et RCD

Innovation and nuclear

support Division

Strategic partnership & industrial concerns

Director

Strategic divisions

Scientific division

Functional divisions

Operational divisions

Départements Départements

Department

Départements Départements

Department

Départements Départements

Department

CEA/Marcoule Management Nuclear activities division

(Saclay) CEA/Cadarache Management

Enhancement of the clean-up & dismantling project jobs

Projet A&D et RCD Clean-up and

dismantling units

Dismantling Division for civilian

applications

Geostatistics

LIBS Gamma/Spectrométry /

contamination in concrete

Alpha camera

Cs 137 37.1%

Cs 134 4.3%

Rh 106 17.6%

Sb 125 41,00%

Portable Measure for 90Sr

Autoradiography

Gamma camera

•Better knowledge of

radiological and physical

states to control hazards

• Reduction of integrated

doses

•Optimization of samplings

• Smaller non destructive

techniques coupled for 3D

cartographies : α, γ or

neutron camera,

autoradiography, OSL, LIBS,

Raman,

•Geostatistics

FACILITY AND SOIL CHARACTERIZATION

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Passive neutronic

measurement of Uranium

Simulation and images Neutronic measures for U and Pu Coupling of methods

Mesures neutroniques

passive pour Uranium

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION

• Mobile and multi-purpose

systems

• Passive and active neutronic

measurement

• Modeling with pre- and post-

measurement imagery

• less uncertainties

• Waste minimization

• Better predictive data for

treatment, storage/disposal

facilities

Immersive Room

Pilot workshop

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INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS

• Remote handling system

“MAESTRO”

• Laser cutting

• 3D simulation and virtual

reality

• Improvement of cutting

yields with limited airesols

and waste

• Comparison of alternative

scenarios and qualification

Studies

Implementation

New equipment

design Remote handing

simulation

Dose rate simulation

Human operation simulation

Whole scenario

simulation

Assistance for real

operations

Operator training

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MAESTRO SYSTEM CONCEPT

Several factory tools, have been studied, developed and

qualified.

Hydraulic shears

Alternating saw

Disk grinder

Nibbler Gamma camera

Drill

Screwdriver

Offset screwdriver

Video camera

IF104 radiation probe

Laser torch

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MAESTRO PERSPECTIVES

Rapsodie

UP1 - AVM

Phénix

Pétrus – Building 18

UP1 – Dissolvers MAR 200

APM

Before After

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REMOTE DISMANTLING OF THE DISSOLVERS The use of Virtual Reality to secure the project

RESULTS

Modification of video cameras positions

Modification of tool rack design

Assessment of Maestro arm introduction into

dissolver “stack” Operators formation

Optimization of cutting sequences

Simplification of the mock-up testing

program

CO2 Supercritique

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Flotation foam Decontamination by Laser

Foams and gels for Decontamination

STRUCTURE AND SOIL DECONTAMINATION

• Self-drying gels, coating

gels, …

• Laser ablation

• Viscous foams or active

solutions

• Float foams and

supercritical fluid

• Decontamination

techniques for

radioactive solids,

structures and soils

adapted to site utilities

• Waste optimization

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WASTE TREATMENT AND CONDITIONNING

Plasma sous eau pour liquides

organiques corrosifs

Na treatment

Geopolymer Matrices

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New adsorbents Plasma under water

• Innovative Cs and Sr sorbents

• Hydrothermal oxidation or plasma

incineration

• In-can melting and new matrices

• Treatment of waste with Mercury,

Sodium, Tritium,etc.

• Increased decontamination

efficiency

• Efficient treatment for complex

radioactive wastes

• Minimization of generated waste

NEW BUILDINGS AND WORKSHOPS

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SHADE

INES

IVAN

ICARE

Hot

IVAN

ICARE

Cold

Sodium wastes storage zones

Sodium

chloride

and

cabonate

To Rhône

river

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FP CONCENTRATION D&D

Characterization of HA deposits in

the FP concentration workshop

components 2013 – 2015 (up 300 Gy/h)

New scenario for the dismantling

of the FP concentration workshop Preliminary feasibility and scenario

studies completed in September

2014

o R&D support program required to

define HA deposits conditioning

process and matrix :

2 years feasibility study

8 years for process

development, industrialization

and matrix qualification

o Define a reversible interim storage

for HA deposits and ILW-LL

metallic waste

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THE RADIOLOGICAL INVENTORY

TANK 71.21A 71.21B 71.21C 71.21D

Tank position (vs evaporator) upstream upstream upstream upstream /

downstream

Tank Volume m3 10 10 10 9,2

Sludge Volume m3 0,5* 0,4 < 1 0,160*

Calculated 137Cs activity

(based on Dose Rate) TBq 2,15E+03 1,03E+03 1,05E+03 1,30E+03

Max. bg activity

(measured on sample)

Bq/g

dried sample 1,23E+10 1,13E+10 1,02E+10 1,64E+10

137Cs total activity

(based on sample activity) TBq 4700* 5 590 8 680 1350*

Max. dose rate

measured Gy/h 245 150 38 225*

EVAPORATOR / TANK 71.26B 71.26C 71.46C 71.48

Volume m3 18 15 11 0,15

Volume of deposits m3 0,4 * 0,265 * 0,265 0,011

137Cs activity TBq 900 * 160 * 160 12

Max. dose rate (in contact

with boiler) Gy/h 3,1 1,2 1 72

* Assumption based on investigation and analysis performed on 71.46C

RECOVERY OF ACTIVES SLUDGES IN CORRIDOR 223.23

5 cm thick (estimated) sludge layer on the whole

corridor surface area (73 m2) about 3,6m3 of

active deposits (~ 1,3 t/m3) to retrieve

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LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL

Retrieval and conditioning of non bituminized waste

UP1 = 75 types of legacy wastes,

located in18 different locations:

• ~ 3150 glass canisters

• ~ 1630 t of HLW Mg clads

• ~ 1300 t of powdery waste

• ~ 1300 drums of alpha-waste

• Active areas = 140 000 m3

• 26 000t of waste from active

areas

• civil engineering structures,

Contaminated equipment,

Miscellaneous

• Very different in they chemical and radionuclide composition; long-lived radionuclides

• Re-disposal required

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• Network of interconnected

operational IT tools for

management and anticipation

• Tools for estimation of

overall costs

• Tools for transportation and

waste management

METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D