views amidst violence: robert muggah presentation
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SECURITY AND SAFETY IN HAITIWhat is the role and impact of perception surveys?
June 2012
Robert Muggah
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WHO IS PROMOTING SECURITY?
Rule of Law (RoL) and security sector reform (SSR)
(1991-2004)
Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)
(1994-1996 and 2004-2006)
Stabilizaton and community violence reduction (CVR)
(2007-2012)
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WHO MEASURES IMPACTS?
• No reliable administrative data since 1990• Limited census or survey data since 1990• No valid monitoring and evaluation by UN• No comparative assessments by NGOs• A small selection of human rights,
victimization and nutritional surveys by foreign research institutes
• YET MUCH SPECULATION ABOUT VIOLENCE
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SURVEYING SECURITY
• 2005 household survey (n: 1,260) cluster survey focused on Port-au-Prince
• 2009 household survey (n: 2,800) including 1,800 from Port-au-Prince and 1,000 national
• 2010 household survey (n: 2,947) including 1,800 from Port-au-Prince and 1,147 from IDP camps (25 randomly selected)
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SURVEY METHODS
• Multi-cluster random sampling – GPS coordinate sampling and random number table (and ILO, USDA food sec, Pearsons QoL index)
• Haitian, Canadian and US team members deployed for several months at a time (University of Michigan, University of McMaster, Igarape Institute, SAS)
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SURVEY THEMES
• Demographic and socio-economic profiles• Mortality and morbidity (verbal autopsy)• Victimization and insecurity• Mental health• Quality of life• Access to services• Attitudes toward service providers• Attitudes toward disarmament
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HOMICIDAL VIOLENCE (per 100,000)
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PHYSICAL ASSAULTS (per 100,000)
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CRIME BEFORE/AFTER THE QUAKE (n - 2,947)
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HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING PROPERTY CRIME (n – VARIOUS)
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WHO WOULD YOU TURN TO IF ROBBED/THREATENED (n-2974)
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WHO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURITY (n – 2,947)
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LAST TIME YOU SAW THE POLICE (n – 2,947)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE (n - 2,900)
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CONFIDENCE IN POLICE (n – 2,900)
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WHO IS COMMITING CRIME (n – VARIOUS)
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RISK FACTORS FOR GANGS (1,042)
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PROTECTION FACTORS FOR GANGS (1,042)
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GANG MEMBERSHIP (18-29) P-AU-P
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ACADEMIC IMPACTS
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MEDIA IMPACTS
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POLICY IMPACTS
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REFLECTIONS• Critical role of timely and targeted evidence to shape
policy – pursue multiple outlets
• Investment in robust empirical methods and transparency in the methods
• Surveys are rapid/cost-effective but need to be supplemented – multi-prong approach
• Importance of well-trained local teams with deep contextual understanding
• Value of longitudinal and geo-tagged datasets to allow for measurement over time