vietnamese immigration presentation wip
DESCRIPTION
A presentation for my HOA class about Vietnamese immigration. Still a work in progressTRANSCRIPT
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRATIONPresented by:
Angelica - editorPedro - researcherSteven - director
Vicky - artistic director
LIFE IN THE OLD WORLDLIFE IN THE OLD WORLD
THE UNITED STATES IN 1964THE UNITED STATES IN 1964
ONLY 604 VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN
THE UNITED STATES.
THEY WERE MAINLY:
- STUDENTS
- LANGUAGE TEACHERS
- DIPLOMATS
ONLY 604 VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN
THE UNITED STATES.
THEY WERE MAINLY:
- STUDENTS
- LANGUAGE TEACHERS
- DIPLOMATS
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
AMERICAN BOMBS
- 8 MILLION DROPPED
1965 - 1973
- MANY DID NOT DETONATE
- STILL A THREAT
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
AMERICAN BOMBS
- 8 MILLION DROPPED
1965 - 1973
- MANY DID NOT DETONATE
- STILL A THREAT
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
THE VIETNAM WAR (1956 - 1975)(1956 - 1975)
MASSACRES
- PINKVILLE (CODENAME)
WAS THE LARGEST
RECORDED MASSACRE OF
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- MANY MORE, SMALLER
SCALE MASSACRES
OCCURRED, BUT WERE NOT
RECORDED
MASSACRES
- PINKVILLE (CODENAME)
WAS THE LARGEST
RECORDED MASSACRE OF
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- MANY MORE, SMALLER
SCALE MASSACRES
OCCURRED, BUT WERE NOT
RECORDED
“THE FALL OF SAIGON”THE END OF THE WARTHE END OF THE WAR
“THE FALL OF SAIGON”THE END OF THE WARTHE END OF THE WAR
APRIL 30, 1975
- THE NORTH TAKES OVER
THE SOUTH
- INTENDED TO PERSECUTE
ANYONE IN SUPPORT OF
SOUTHERN VIETNAMESE
APRIL 30, 1975
- THE NORTH TAKES OVER
THE SOUTH
- INTENDED TO PERSECUTE
ANYONE IN SUPPORT OF
SOUTHERN VIETNAMESE
“THE FALL OF SAIGON”“THE FALL OF SAIGON”
“ON THOSE LAST DAYS OF APRIL, [THERE WAS] A
LOT OF GUNFIRE AND BOMBING AROUND THE
CAPITAL. PEOPLE WERE RUNNING ON CHAOTIC
STREETS. WE GOT SCARED… WE WENT TO AN
AMERICAN BUILDING WHERE A LOT OF
AMERICANS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE ASSOCIATES
WERE READY TO BE PICKED UP BY AMERICAN
HELICOPTERS.”
- VIETNAMESE REFUGEE
“ON THOSE LAST DAYS OF APRIL, [THERE WAS] A
LOT OF GUNFIRE AND BOMBING AROUND THE
CAPITAL. PEOPLE WERE RUNNING ON CHAOTIC
STREETS. WE GOT SCARED… WE WENT TO AN
AMERICAN BUILDING WHERE A LOT OF
AMERICANS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE ASSOCIATES
WERE READY TO BE PICKED UP BY AMERICAN
HELICOPTERS.”
- VIETNAMESE REFUGEE
THE FIRST WAVE (1975)THE FIRST WAVE (1975)
- MOST ONLY FLED IN FEAR
TO ESCAPE NORTHERN
TROOPS
- MOSTLY MILITARY
PERSONNEL AND THEIR
FAMILIES
- EDUCATED PROFESSIONALS
- 36% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS GRADUATED FROM
HIGH SCHOOL
- 16% AT LEAST WENT TO
COLLEGE
- MANY KNEW ENGLISH
- MOST ONLY FLED IN FEAR
TO ESCAPE NORTHERN
TROOPS
- MOSTLY MILITARY
PERSONNEL AND THEIR
FAMILIES
- EDUCATED PROFESSIONALS
- 36% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS GRADUATED FROM
HIGH SCHOOL
- 16% AT LEAST WENT TO
COLLEGE
- MANY KNEW ENGLISH
SECOND WAVESECOND WAVE
NEW COMMUNIST POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, AND
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
- SEIZED AND
REDISTRIBUTED FARMLAND
- CLOSED ETHNIC-CHINESE
VIETNAMESE BUSINESSES
- FORCED RELOCATION FROM
URBAN TO RURAL AREAS
- “REEDUCATED” AND
TORTURED EVERYONE
INVOLVED WITH SOUTHERN
TROOPS
NEW COMMUNIST POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, AND
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
- SEIZED AND
REDISTRIBUTED FARMLAND
- CLOSED ETHNIC-CHINESE
VIETNAMESE BUSINESSES
- FORCED RELOCATION FROM
URBAN TO RURAL AREAS
- “REEDUCATED” AND
TORTURED EVERYONE
INVOLVED WITH SOUTHERN
TROOPS
SECOND WAVESECOND WAVE
OTHER PUSH FACTORS
- HIGH POVERTY RATES;
NEED TO FIND BETTER
WORK
- PARENTS WANTED SONS
TO ESCAPE DRAFT
- DISCRIMINATION AND
PERSECUTION
OTHER PUSH FACTORS
- HIGH POVERTY RATES;
NEED TO FIND BETTER
WORK
- PARENTS WANTED SONS
TO ESCAPE DRAFT
- DISCRIMINATION AND
PERSECUTION
SECOND WAVESECOND WAVE
ETHNIC-CHINESE VIETNAMESE
- WERE CHINESE THAT WERE
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- 40% OF SECOND WAVE
- FACED HOSTILITY FROM
VIETNAMESE SOCIETY FOR
DECADES
- TARGET OF DISCRIMINATION
BY COMMUNISTS
ETHNIC-CHINESE VIETNAMESE
- WERE CHINESE THAT WERE
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- 40% OF SECOND WAVE
- FACED HOSTILITY FROM
VIETNAMESE SOCIETY FOR
DECADES
- TARGET OF DISCRIMINATION
BY COMMUNISTS
SECOND WAVESECOND WAVE
THOSE WITH EDUCATION
- SMALL NUMBERS
- DOCTORS
- LAWYERS
- PROFESSORS, ETC.
- KNEW ENGLISH
THOSE WITHOUT
- FISHERMEN
- FARMERS
- STOREKEEPERS
- FROM RURAL AREAS, VILLAGES,
AND SMALL COASTAL CITIES
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW ENGLISH
- HIGHLY IMPOVERISHED
- IMMIGRATED WITH FAMILIES
THOSE WITH EDUCATION
- SMALL NUMBERS
- DOCTORS
- LAWYERS
- PROFESSORS, ETC.
- KNEW ENGLISH
THOSE WITHOUT
- FISHERMEN
- FARMERS
- STOREKEEPERS
- FROM RURAL AREAS, VILLAGES,
AND SMALL COASTAL CITIES
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW ENGLISH
- HIGHLY IMPOVERISHED
- IMMIGRATED WITH FAMILIES
THIRD WAVE (80’S AND 90’S)THIRD WAVE (80’S AND 90’S)
- TRYING TO ESCAPE WAR
BETWEEN VIETNAM AND
CHINA
- MOSTLY CHILDREN AND
TEENAGE BOYS
- PRISONERS OF WAR
- TRYING TO ESCAPE WAR
BETWEEN VIETNAM AND
CHINA
- MOSTLY CHILDREN AND
TEENAGE BOYS
- PRISONERS OF WAR
THE VOYAGETHE VOYAGE
ESCAPING THE COMMUNISTSESCAPING THE COMMUNISTS
- AIRLIFTED BY THE
AMERICANS
- FLED ON MILITARY CARGO
SHIPS
- LESS THAN TEN HOURS’
NOTICE
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW
WHERE TO GO; FOLLOWED
CROWD
- AIRLIFTED BY THE
AMERICANS
- FLED ON MILITARY CARGO
SHIPS
- LESS THAN TEN HOURS’
NOTICE
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW
WHERE TO GO; FOLLOWED
CROWD
ESCAPING THE COMMUNISTSESCAPING THE COMMUNISTS
“WHAT WAS THE ONE EVENT DURING THE TRIP [EVACUATION] YOU
WILL NEVER FORGET?”
- INTERVIEWER
“IT WAS WHEN ALL OF THESE PEOPLE WERE
TRYING TO GET ON THE PLANE AT THE AIRPORT.
I SAW PEOPLE JAMMING THE DOOR AND WOMEN
AND CHILDREN COULD NOT GET ON. THE
SHELLING CAME CLOSER AND THEN THE PLANE
TOOK OFF WITH PEOPLE STILL HANGING AT THE
DOOR.”
- VIETNAMESE WOMAN EN ROUTE FROM PHILIPPINES TO US
“WHAT WAS THE ONE EVENT DURING THE TRIP [EVACUATION] YOU
WILL NEVER FORGET?”
- INTERVIEWER
“IT WAS WHEN ALL OF THESE PEOPLE WERE
TRYING TO GET ON THE PLANE AT THE AIRPORT.
I SAW PEOPLE JAMMING THE DOOR AND WOMEN
AND CHILDREN COULD NOT GET ON. THE
SHELLING CAME CLOSER AND THEN THE PLANE
TOOK OFF WITH PEOPLE STILL HANGING AT THE
DOOR.”
- VIETNAMESE WOMAN EN ROUTE FROM PHILIPPINES TO US
ESCAPING THE COMMUNISTSESCAPING THE COMMUNISTS
“OPERATION NEW LIFE”
- REFUGEES TRANSFERRED TO
US BASES
- GUAM
- THAILAND
- WAKE ISLAND
- HAWAII
- PHILIPPINES
- AWAITED PROCESSING
- SENT TO FOUR REFUGEE CENTERS
IN US:
- CAMP PENDLETON (CA)
- FORT CHAFFEE (AK)
-EGLIN AIR FORCE (FL)
- FORT INDIANTOWN GAP (PA)
“OPERATION NEW LIFE”
- REFUGEES TRANSFERRED TO
US BASES
- GUAM
- THAILAND
- WAKE ISLAND
- HAWAII
- PHILIPPINES
- AWAITED PROCESSING
- SENT TO FOUR REFUGEE CENTERS
IN US:
- CAMP PENDLETON (CA)
- FORT CHAFFEE (AK)
-EGLIN AIR FORCE (FL)
- FORT INDIANTOWN GAP (PA)
THE “BOAT PEOPLE”THE “BOAT PEOPLE”
- EXTREMELY UNSAFE,
CROWDED FISHING BOATS
- MAIN MODE OF
IMMIGRATION
FROM SECOND WAVE ON
- LARGE STORMS
- STARVATION
- DEHYDRATION
- 2/3 ATTACKED BY PIRATES;
EACH BOAT AVG. 2 TIMES
- EXTREMELY UNSAFE,
CROWDED FISHING BOATS
- MAIN MODE OF
IMMIGRATION
FROM SECOND WAVE ON
- LARGE STORMS
- STARVATION
- DEHYDRATION
- 2/3 ATTACKED BY PIRATES;
EACH BOAT AVG. 2 TIMES
THE “BOAT PEOPLE”THE “BOAT PEOPLE”
"WE ENCOUNTERED PIRATES ON OUR
JOURNEY. THEY LOWERED A DINGHY
FROM THEIR SHIP TO COME TO OUR BOAT,
AND THEY RAPED THE WOMEN AND
YOUNG GIRLS. THEY INTENDED TO SINK
OUR BOAT.
WE HAD TO GIVE THEM ALL OF OUR
MONEY AND JEWELRY. AFTER THE
PIRATES LEFT,
[WE] SAILED FOR A WHILE,
THEN SAW A MALAYSIAN OIL TANKER.
"WE ENCOUNTERED PIRATES ON OUR
JOURNEY. THEY LOWERED A DINGHY
FROM THEIR SHIP TO COME TO OUR BOAT,
AND THEY RAPED THE WOMEN AND
YOUNG GIRLS. THEY INTENDED TO SINK
OUR BOAT.
WE HAD TO GIVE THEM ALL OF OUR
MONEY AND JEWELRY. AFTER THE
PIRATES LEFT,
[WE] SAILED FOR A WHILE,
THEN SAW A MALAYSIAN OIL TANKER.
THE “BOAT PEOPLE”THE “BOAT PEOPLE”
"IF WE HADN'T SEEN IT,
WE PROBABLY WOULD HAVE DROWNED,
BECAUSE THAT NIGHT THE WIND AND THE
CURRENT WERE VERY STRONG, AND OUR BOAT
WAS SMALL,
LIKE A SMALL FISHING BOAT. THERE WERE 126
PEOPLE ON BOARD, LYING NEXT TO ONE
ANOTHER. MANY CHILDREN BECAME SEASICK.
THEY VOMITED.
THEIR EYES WERE ALL WHITE.
[WE] THOUGHT THEY WERE DEAD."
- LE THI SEN
"IF WE HADN'T SEEN IT,
WE PROBABLY WOULD HAVE DROWNED,
BECAUSE THAT NIGHT THE WIND AND THE
CURRENT WERE VERY STRONG, AND OUR BOAT
WAS SMALL,
LIKE A SMALL FISHING BOAT. THERE WERE 126
PEOPLE ON BOARD, LYING NEXT TO ONE
ANOTHER. MANY CHILDREN BECAME SEASICK.
THEY VOMITED.
THEIR EYES WERE ALL WHITE.
[WE] THOUGHT THEY WERE DEAD."
- LE THI SEN
THE “BOAT PEOPLE”THE “BOAT PEOPLE”
- FLEEING TO ASYLUM CAMPS
IN:
- MALAYSIA
- THAILAND
- SINGAPORE
- INDONESIA
- PHILIPPINES
- HONG KONG
- WAITED FOR ACCEPTANCE FROM
FOREIGN NATIONS
- OFTEN WAITED YEARS
- 40-60,000 PICKED UP BY
AMERICAN NAVY SHIPS;
TRANSPORTED TO GUAM AND
PHILIPPINES
- FLEEING TO ASYLUM CAMPS
IN:
- MALAYSIA
- THAILAND
- SINGAPORE
- INDONESIA
- PHILIPPINES
- HONG KONG
- WAITED FOR ACCEPTANCE FROM
FOREIGN NATIONS
- OFTEN WAITED YEARS
- 40-60,000 PICKED UP BY
AMERICAN NAVY SHIPS;
TRANSPORTED TO GUAM AND
PHILIPPINES
WHY THEY CAMEWHY THEY CAME
WHY THEY CAMEWHY THEY CAME
- UNITED STATES
SUPPORTED SOUTH
VIETNAM
- ONLY COUNTRY TO ACCEPT
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
AT THE TIME
- SAFETY
- FREEDOM
- MORE OPPORTUNITIES
- GREATER ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL STABILITY
- UNITED STATES
SUPPORTED SOUTH
VIETNAM
- ONLY COUNTRY TO ACCEPT
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
AT THE TIME
- SAFETY
- FREEDOM
- MORE OPPORTUNITIES
- GREATER ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL STABILITY
WHY THEY CAMEWHY THEY CAME
- PEOPLE THOUGHT THEY
COULD RETURN TO
VIETNAM
- 1977 SURVEY:
41% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS PLANNED TO
MOVE BACK TO VIETNAM
- PEOPLE THOUGHT THEY
COULD RETURN TO
VIETNAM
- 1977 SURVEY:
41% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS PLANNED TO
MOVE BACK TO VIETNAM
WORK AND SETTINGWORK AND SETTING
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANT POPULATION IN US (1980 - 2012VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANT POPULATION IN US (1980 - 2012
SETTLING IN THE STATESSETTLING IN THE STATES
- MOSTLY SETTLED IN
WARMER STATES
- 40% IN CALIFORNIA
- 7.2% IN TEXAS
MAIN CITIES (IN ORDER OF POPULATION
- LOS ANGELES, CA
- LONG BEACH, CA
- SANTA ANA, CA
- SAN JOSE, CA
- SUNNYVALE, CA
- SANTA CLARA, CA
- HOUSTON, TX
- MOSTLY SETTLED IN
WARMER STATES
- 40% IN CALIFORNIA
- 7.2% IN TEXAS
MAIN CITIES (IN ORDER OF POPULATION
- LOS ANGELES, CA
- LONG BEACH, CA
- SANTA ANA, CA
- SAN JOSE, CA
- SUNNYVALE, CA
- SANTA CLARA, CA
- HOUSTON, TX
TOP DESTINATION STATES FOR VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS (2008-2012)TOP DESTINATION STATES FOR VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS (2008-2012)
TOP METROPOLITAN AREA DESTINATIONS FOR VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS (2008-2012)TOP METROPOLITAN AREA DESTINATIONS FOR VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS (2008-2012)
HOUSINGHOUSING
- COMPETED WITH
AMERICANS FOR LOW
INCOME HOUSING
- LIVED IN PROCESSING
CAMPS
- LARGER FAMILIES: ABOUT 5
- SUBURBS, URBAN AREAS
- COMPETED WITH
AMERICANS FOR LOW
INCOME HOUSING
- LIVED IN PROCESSING
CAMPS
- LARGER FAMILIES: ABOUT 5
- SUBURBS, URBAN AREAS
HOUSING AND EMPLOYMENTHOUSING AND EMPLOYMENT
- DESPITE EDUCATION OF
SOME, HAD TO GET
WHATEVER JOBS AVAILABLE
- JANITORS, LIMOUSINE
DRIVERS, ETC.
- CONTRIBUTED A LOT TO
FISHING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH
- OVER TIME, VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS (SECOND
GENERATION) TOOK THE
LEAD IN EDUCATION
- INCREASE IN AVERAGE
INCOME
- LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
5-6%
- DESPITE EDUCATION OF
SOME, HAD TO GET
WHATEVER JOBS AVAILABLE
- JANITORS, LIMOUSINE
DRIVERS, ETC.
- CONTRIBUTED A LOT TO
FISHING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH
- OVER TIME, VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS (SECOND
GENERATION) TOOK THE
LEAD IN EDUCATION
- INCREASE IN AVERAGE
INCOME
- LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
5-6%
HOUSING AND EMPLOYMENTHOUSING AND EMPLOYMENT
- WIDER VARIETY OF JOBS
- MANAGEMENT
- ART, SCIENCE
- SERVICE
- SALES, OFFICE,
GOVERNMENT
- NATURAL RESOURCES,
CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE
- FOOD: FISHING,
SHRIMPING, FARMING
- PRODUCTION,
TRANSPORTATION, MATERIAL
MOVING
- ~10% SELF-EMPLOYED IN 1990
- WIDER VARIETY OF JOBS
- MANAGEMENT
- ART, SCIENCE
- SERVICE
- SALES, OFFICE,
GOVERNMENT
- NATURAL RESOURCES,
CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE
- FOOD: FISHING,
SHRIMPING, FARMING
- PRODUCTION,
TRANSPORTATION, MATERIAL
MOVING
- ~10% SELF-EMPLOYED IN 1990
EMPLOYED IMMIGRANT WORKERS IN CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE (AGES 16+) BY OCCUPATION AND ORIGIN, 2012EMPLOYED IMMIGRANT WORKERS IN CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE (AGES 16+) BY OCCUPATION AND ORIGIN, 2012
VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN SAN JOSESAN JOSE
VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN SAN JOSESAN JOSE
- MANY ENTREPRENEURS
- 40% OF RETAIL BUSINESSES
IN DOWNTOWN SAN JOSE
- MANY VIETNAMESE CUISINE
RESTAURANTS
- HAIR SALONS
- GRAND CENTURY MALL
- LEE SANDWICHES
- MANY ENTREPRENEURS
- 40% OF RETAIL BUSINESSES
IN DOWNTOWN SAN JOSE
- MANY VIETNAMESE CUISINE
RESTAURANTS
- HAIR SALONS
- GRAND CENTURY MALL
- LEE SANDWICHES
PREJUDICESPREJUDICES
JUDGED BY AMERICANSJUDGED BY AMERICANS
- DISLIKED BY AMERICAN
CITIZENS BECAUSE OF
COMPETITION AND MEDIA
- MEDIA ONLY FOCUSED ON
AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT
IN WAR; DIDN’T SHOW
VIETNAMESE PERSPECTIVE
- 1975 POLL: ONLY 36% OF
AMERICANS IN FAVOR OF
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRATION.
- DISLIKED BY AMERICAN
CITIZENS BECAUSE OF
COMPETITION AND MEDIA
- MEDIA ONLY FOCUSED ON
AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT
IN WAR; DIDN’T SHOW
VIETNAMESE PERSPECTIVE
- 1975 POLL: ONLY 36% OF
AMERICANS IN FAVOR OF
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRATION.
DISCRIMINATION AND STEREOTYPESDISCRIMINATION AND STEREOTYPES
- DISCRIMINATION IN
WORKPLACES, COURTS,
AND BY POLICE
- TARGETS OF KU KLUX KLAN
- DENIED ACCESS TO
EDUCATION AND VOTING
- CALLED “CHINK”
- "GO BACK TO CHINA”
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
OVERACHIEVERS IN
SCHOOL
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
REFUGEES
- DISCRIMINATION IN
WORKPLACES, COURTS,
AND BY POLICE
- TARGETS OF KU KLUX KLAN
- DENIED ACCESS TO
EDUCATION AND VOTING
- CALLED “CHINK”
- "GO BACK TO CHINA”
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
OVERACHIEVERS IN
SCHOOL
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
REFUGEES
DISCRIMINATION AND STEREOTYPESDISCRIMINATION AND STEREOTYPES
T.T.NHU COMMENTED IN SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS 1988:
“MANY REFUGEES FIND THAT THEY FACE
ANOTHER TYRANNY IN THIS COUNTRY IN
THE FORM OF INSISTENCE ON POLITICAL
CONFORMITY… IT IS REMINISCENT OF
NIGHTMARISH TIMES ALREADY
EXPERIENCED IN THIS COUNTRY DURING
THE MCCARTHY ERA.”
T.T.NHU COMMENTED IN SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS 1988:
“MANY REFUGEES FIND THAT THEY FACE
ANOTHER TYRANNY IN THIS COUNTRY IN
THE FORM OF INSISTENCE ON POLITICAL
CONFORMITY… IT IS REMINISCENT OF
NIGHTMARISH TIMES ALREADY
EXPERIENCED IN THIS COUNTRY DURING
THE MCCARTHY ERA.”
LAWSLAWS
INDOCHINA MIGRATIONAND REFUGEE ACT OF
197519751975
INDOCHINA MIGRATIONAND REFUGEE ACT OF
197519751975
PASSED BY FORD ADMINISTRATION TO SUPPORT
ARRIVAL OF VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
PASSED BY FORD ADMINISTRATION TO SUPPORT
ARRIVAL OF VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
REFUGEE ACT OF 19801980
REFUGEE ACT OF 19801980
PASSED BY CONGRESS TO HELP VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS
- REDUCED RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY
INTO US
- DEFINED REFUGEE
- CREATED OFFICE OF REFUGEE
RESETTLEMENT
- SET NUMBER OF ANNUAL REFUGEE
ADMISSIONS TO 50,000 (EXCEPT FOR
EMERGENCIES)
- REFUGEE COULD ADJUST STATUS
AFTER ONE YEAR TO BECOME
PERMANENT CITIZEN
- AFTER FOUR YEARS, COULD BECOME
US CITIZEN
PASSED BY CONGRESS TO HELP VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS
- REDUCED RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY
INTO US
- DEFINED REFUGEE
- CREATED OFFICE OF REFUGEE
RESETTLEMENT
- SET NUMBER OF ANNUAL REFUGEE
ADMISSIONS TO 50,000 (EXCEPT FOR
EMERGENCIES)
- REFUGEE COULD ADJUST STATUS
AFTER ONE YEAR TO BECOME
PERMANENT CITIZEN
- AFTER FOUR YEARS, COULD BECOME
US CITIZEN
OTHER LAWSOTHER LAWS
- GRANTED ENTRY INTO US
TO CHILDREN OF AMERICAN
SERVICEMEN AND FORMER
POLITICAL PRISONERS
- GRANTED ENTRY INTO US
TO CHILDREN OF AMERICAN
SERVICEMEN AND FORMER
POLITICAL PRISONERS
Thank you for listening
BIBLIOGRAPHY