APEC 2015 Expert Consultation on Assessment Methodology of Fishery and Livestock Losses

Vietnam Voluntary Report on Food Losses in Fishery

By BACH Van Hanh

Department of Science, Technology and International Cooperation Directorate of Fisheries (D-FISH), MARD, Vietnam

Vietnam: A Brief Introduction

- Total area: approx. 330,000 sq. km

- Population: 90 millions

- Sea waters: approx. 1 billion sq. km

- Coastal line: 3,260 km long

- Tidal areas: 600,000 ha

- Lagoons: 300-400,000 ha

- Ponds and lakes: 120,000 ha

- Reservoirs: 340,000 ha

- Rice-fields: 580,000 ha

Capture Fishery and Aquaculture: An Overview (1)

Capture Fisheries: -approx. 130,000 fishing boats: + by horse power:

85% of < 90HP

15% of ≥ 90HP

+ by length:

97,3% of < 20m

2,7% of ≥ 20m

+ Hull material:

99% by wood

- Target species:

Larger pelagic (tuna and tuna-like species), small

pelagic, demersal, cephalopods (squid,) shrimp, etc.

Aquaculture: - Total areas: approx. 1,200,000 ha + Fresh water: 36.1%

+ Brackish and marine: 63.9%

- Target species: + Pangasus: 5,500 ha

+ Whiteleg shrimp: 95,000 ha

+ Tiger shrimp: 590,000 ha

Capture Fishery and Aquaculture: An Overview (2)

Total production over years

Capture Fishery and Aquaculture: An Overview (3)

Seafood export over years

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (1)

Size class (HP)

YEAR

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

TUNA

LONGLINE/HANDLINE

50 - 89 280 161 122 7

5

90 - 149 99 97 513 144 0

150 - 249 382 326 738 384 165

250 - 399 209 227 251 663 600

> 400 7 54 54 536 667

Unclassified - - - - 170

Total 977 714 1,678 1,734 1,607

GILLNET 50 - 89 709 627 605 212 133

90 - 149 245 261 200 307 60

150 - 249 160 184 174 175 86

250 - 399 222 216 204 132 199

> 400 33 24 21 72 261

Unclassified - - - - 240

Total 1,369 1,312 1,204 898 979 PURSE SEINE 50 - 89 139 134 136 131 78

90 - 149 115 184 194 118 68

150 - 249 117 44 56 114 109

250 - 399 131 233 206 242 356

> 400 5 20 0 409 726

Unclassified - - - - 244

Total 507 595 592 1,014 1,581

Nymber

of

fishing

boats

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (2)

Annual

catch of

major

species

(tones,

by gear

over

years )

Purse seine

2008 456 17,100 5,244 0 0

2009 345 12,926 3,964 0 0

2010 325 12,190 3,738 0 0

2011 688 18,350 3,899 0 0

2012 965 22,638 3,336 0 0

2013 805 18,895 2,784 0 0

2014 1,572 27,485 4,229 0 0

Gillnet

2008 641 11779 935 0

2009 708 13016 1033 0

2010 646 11866 942 0

2011 606 11142 884 0

2012 363 20998 1024 1259

2013 400 36496 2823 2189

2014 641 32789 173 2015

Year ALB BET SKJ YFT MLS SWO

Longline/

Handline

2008 15 3358 0 10375 0 375

2009 13 2992 0 9244 0 334

2010 4 2441 0 9513 0 820

2011 15 3424 0 10576 0 382

2012 15 3761 0 12456 0 372

2013 251 2260 0 13917 0 388

2014 N/A 2350 0 11603 515 434

ALB:

Albacore;

BET:

Bigeye

tuna;

EFT:

Yellow-fin

tuna;

SKJ:

Skipjack

tuna;

MLS:

Malines;

SWO:

Sword fish)

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (3)

Annual catch of key species

(tones, by gear)

Gear type BET YFT SKJ Total (2014)

Gillnet 641 173 32,789 33,603

Purse seine 1,572 4,229 27,485 33,286

Longline/Handline 2,350 11,603 - 13,952

Total 4,563 16,004 60,274 80,841

BET: Bigeye tuna; EFT: Yellow-fin tuna; SKJ: Skipjack tuna

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (4)

Tuna export value (key product in 2014)

Product code Value (USD) Percentage

(%)

Increased rate

to 2013

HS code 03 251,944,395 52.03 -7.38

Fresh /frozen/dried tuna belonging to

HS03 (exclusive HS0304) 58,764,847 -45.63

Tuna (HS0304) 193,179,548 +17.83

Processed tuna HS16 232,290,169 47.97 -8.79

Canned tuna (HS16) 177,017,676 -11.28

Other processed tuna (HS16) 55,272,492 +0.23

Total 484,234,564 100.00 -8.06

In 2014, Vietnamese tuna exports reduced about 8.06 percent comparing to 2013. This was a

challenge for the tuna industry of Viet Nam. This decline was due to reduction of fresh/frozen tuna

(HS 03) with declined rate was 45.63% compared to 2013. Although there was a large increase on HS

0304 (+17.83) but this was not enough to contribute for a general downtrend of exported values on

tuna products of Viet Nam in 2014.

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (5)

Tuna export value by markets in 2014 (USD)

Markets Q I/2014 Q II/2014 Q III/2014 Q IV/2014 Total 2014 % compared to

2013

US 38,557 46,453 43,125 47,082 175,217 -6.5

EU 33,430 35,964 31,128 34,693 135,215 -3.9

Germany 9,868 10,531 7,910 9,416 37,725 -12.1

Italia 6,151 6,626 2,880 4,902 20,559 -22.6

The Netherlands 6,418 5,508 2,511 2,131 16,567 +64.8

Asean 6,661 7,195 11,875 9,254 34,985 -1.5

Thailand 5,293 5,419 8,770 7,581 27,063 +8.1

Japan 7,050 6,575 5,170 3,768 22,564 -46.3

Israel 7,205 6,410 4,323 2,933 20,872 +16.6

Canada 2,376 4,257 2,364 2,960 11,958 +15.7

Tunisia 1,471 4,045 0,760 0,795 7,072 -33.2

Mexico 0,908 0,938 1,405 1,684 4,935 -33.2

Other 16,932 17,890 18,492 18,103 71,417 -4.5

Total 114,591 129,727 118,644 121,273 484,235 -8.1

In 2014, Viet Nam’s tuna products were shipped to many foreign markets. The U.S., the EU, Japan,

ASEAN, Israel, Tunisia, Canada and Mexico were the main markets for Vietnamese tuna products,

accounting for a large percent of total tuna export value.

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (6)

Supply chain for tuna products

(1) Boat owner: - Fishing - On-boat preservation - Landing - Selling

(2a) Domestic market: - Local market - Restaurant

(3) International market - Fresh - Frozen - Dried - Caned - others

(2b) Middle man: -Landing site preservation -Fishing port preservation

(2c) Tuna company - Processing - Export - Import

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (7)

Food losses

(1) Boat owner: - Long soaking time - Low selectivity - Low tech-preservation on-boat - Offshore fishing ground - Low preservation condition at

landing site/fishing port

(2a) Domestic market: - Low preservation

condition at local market

(3) International market - Fresh - Frozen - Dried - Caned - others

(2b) Middle man: - Low preservation

condition at landing site/fishing port

(2c) Tuna company - Processing - Export - Import

(Lack

information,

roughly

estimated of

approx. 20-

30%)

(Lack information)

(Lack information)

(Lack information)

Food Losses in Fishery: An example for tuna fisheries (8)

Recommendation to reduce food losses

(1) Boat owner: - High selectivity - High tech-preservation on-boat - Good preservation condition at

landing site/fishing port

(2a) Domestic market: - High preservation

condition at local market

(3) International market - Fresh - Frozen - Dried - Caned - others

(2b) Middle man: - High preservation

condition at landing site/fishing port

(2c) Tuna company - Processing - Export - Import

END

Thank you for your attention!