vietnam -land transparency closing the gap between law and practice annual world bank conference on...
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VIETNAM -Land Transparency Closing the Gap between Law and Practice
Annual World Bank Conference on Land and PovertyMarch 23-27, 2015
Huong Thi Lan Tran, Governance Specialist, World [email protected]
1. Vietnam at a Glance
2. Why Land Transparency?
3. Land Transparency Study
4. What did the Study Find?
5. Bridging the Land Transparency Gap in Vietnam
1. Vietnam – At a Glance
East Asia Pacific
Population: 89.71 million (2013)
63 provinces
GNI/capita: $1,740 (2013)
Poverty Rate: 17.2 (2012)
GDP growth: 5.6% (2014)
Much Work on Land Related Issues during the past 5 years
Led by the Bank, or joint work with Government of Vietnam and/or other development partners
Transparency matters
The Implementation Gap
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010%
40%37%
29%30% 30%
31%
23%
21%23%
34%
17%
Openness and TransparencyLowest 10% ----------------------------------------- Highest 10% of Districts of Dis-
tricts
Per
cen
t o
f C
itiz
ens
in t
he
Dis
tric
t P
ay
ing
Bri
bes
Land administration perceived as among the most corrupt
17.Traf
fic p
olice
12.Lan
d adm
inist
ratio
n
8.Constr
uction
5.Custo
ms
14.Hea
lthca
re
1.Tax
ation
7.Tran
sport
13.Min
erals
man
agem
ent
6.Plan
ning an
d Inves
tmen
t
15.Educa
tion
18.Eco
nomic
police
3.Ban
king
21.Court
2.Fin
ance
19.Insp
ecto
rate
9.Elec
tricit
y
16.Ward
/com
mune p
olice
22.Civ
il ju
dgemen
t enfo
rcem
ent
4.Trea
sury
20.Pro
curac
y
11.Med
ia
10.Post
and T
eleco
mm
unicatio
n0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Public OfficialsEnterprisesCitizens
Per
cent
indi
catin
g se
ctor
as
amon
g m
ost c
orru
pt
Source: World Bank and Government Inspectorate of Vietnam. “Corruption from the Perspective of Citizens, Firms, and Public Officials—Results of Sociological Surveys. 2012.
Part of the Vietnam Transparency Project (VTP)…
Better implementation of
laws & policiesBetter laws
& policies
systematically measuring, recording and sharing good practices, the VTP will help improve implementation of laws and policies
Methodologies
Existing VTP
Method
Sample surveys of firms and citizens
Direct observation
on site
How people perceive the transparency of Land-Related Information
Whether and how Land-Related Information is actually made available at a point in time
National Coverage of the Land Transparency Study
Online On site
No. of cities/provi
nces
No. of districts
No. of wards/communes
Total
Survey 2013
51 102 204 357
Survey 2010 & 2013
63 12 24 117 153
Total 63 63 126 321 510
Land Transparency Study Data:
Groups of Information Online Onsite1. Administrative procedures and process implementation of admin. procedures
2. Land use plans and planning 3. Urban planning 4. Compensation, support and resettlement plans
5. Land allocation and leases 6. Information on charges, fees and taxes related to land
All together, more than 300 discrete pieces of information were checked online, and 30 pieces of information inspected at province, district and commune-level offices
(1) Improvements in Land Transparency at All Levels
2010 20130%
25%
50%
75%
100%
32%
42%
Province (Online)
2010 20130%
25%
50%
75%
100%
25%
39%
District (On Site)
2010 20130%
25%
50%
75%
100%
54%63%
Commune/Ward (On Site)
Notes: Based on indices of availability of land related information, focusing on the types of information that are comparable between the two periods. The scales for the three charts are not the same, as the information examined was not the same for all levels. Sample sizes are 63 provinces, 24 districts, and 117 communes/wards. The changes are statistically significant at the 1% level for province web checks, and 5% level for both district and commune spot checks.
(2) Big Gap from Law to Practice (i)
CAN THO
HA NOI
BEN TRE
BA RIA
VUNG...
BINH T
HUAN
QUANG NAM
TRA VIN
H
THANH HOA
KIEN G
IANG
LONG AN
QUANG BIN
H
AN GIA
NG
HAU GIA
NG
YEN BAI
BINH D
UONG
GIA L
AI
SON LA
LAI CHAU
DA NANG
BAC NIN
H
LAM D
ONG
HOA BIN
H
THAI BIN
H
KHANH HOA
LANG SON
NINH B
INH
VINH P
HUC
DAK LAK
NGHE AN
HA TIN
H
BAC LIE
U
SOC TRANG
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Mandatory Online Information
Provincial Ranking on Land Transparency Online
(2) Big Gap from Law to Practice (ii)
THANH HOA
QUANG TRI
PHU YEN
SOC TRANG
BEN TRE
NINH B
INH
PHU THO
BINH T
HUAN
KIEN G
IANG
TAY NIN
H
BINH D
INH
LAI CHAU
NGHE AN
VINH P
HUC
BAC LIE
U
THAI BIN
H
BA RIA
VUNG T
AU
TUYEN QUANG
GIA L
AI
DA NANG
TP HO C
HI MIN
H
HUNG YEN
LONG AN
LANG SON
QUANG NAM
BINH D
UONG
LAM D
ONG
HAI PHONG
HA NOI
HAI DUONG
DONG NAI
SON LA
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Mandatory Spot Check Information
Provincial Ranking on Land Transparency On-site
There is still often a lack of awareness of the obligation to provide information
Researchers told they need approval of Chair of Commune PPC (Ca Mau, Binh Duong, Vinh Phuoc) for documents on Land Use Plans and Planning
Researchers detained by police and forced to delete photographs (Dong Thap, Dong Nai)
Commune officials say “go to the district”, and district officials say “go to the commune/ward” (Ha Noi, Bac Lieu)
Researchers told that Compensation Support and Resettlement Plans are “confidential” (Pho Moi ward, Lao Cai province)
Researchers told that all information is on the Internet and not posted (Ha Noi)
(4) Information Disclosure Online and Spot Check of all provinces *
Dak LakNinh Binh
Soc Trang
Hai Duong
Gia LaiHa Giang
Dien Bien
Hai PhongThai Nguyen
Ca Mau
Vinh Phuc
Tay Ninh
Bac Ninh
Long An
Cao Bang
Nghe An Phu Yen
Dak NongKhanh Hoa
Binh Thuan
Ha NamQuang Tri
Thai BinhNam Dinh
Tien Giang
Bac Kan
Binh Duong
Lam Dong
Hung Yen
Hoa BinhBac Giang
Quang Ngai
Ben TreBinh Dinh
Lao Cai
Ha TinhBac Lieu
Binh Phuoc
Quang Binh
Ba Ria Vung Tau
Hau Giang
Tuyen Quang
Ninh Thuan
Phu Tho
Dong Nai
Vinh Long
Quang Nam
Kien Giang
Lai Chau
Ho Chi Minh City
Yen Bai
Tra Vinh
An Giang
Son La
Kon Tum Dong Thap
Thua Thien Hue
Da Nang
Can Tho
Ha Noi
Thanh Hoa
Quang Ninh
Lang Son
0.2
.4.6
.8P
rovin
ce
Web
Ch
eck 2
013
- A
dequ
acy o
f M
an
da
tory
La
nd
In
fo.
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1Province Spot Check 2013 - Adequacy of Mandatory Land Info.
* Figures are calculated based on the adequacy of information subject to disclosure
(5) More Land Transparency, Less Poverty
Ha Noi
Hai Phong
Vinh Phuc
Bac Ninh
Hai Duong
Hung Yen
Ha Nam
Nam DinhThai Binh
Ninh Binh
Ha Giang
Cao BangLao Cai
Bac KanLang Son
Tuyen Quang
Yen BaiThai NguyenPhu ThoBac GiangQuang Ninh
Lai Chau
Dien Bien
Son La
Hoa Binh
Thanh Hoa
Nghe An
Ha Tinh
Quang Binh
Quang Tri
Thua Thien Hue
Da Nang
Quang Nam
Quang Ngai
Binh Dinh
Phu Yen
Khanh Hoa
Kon Tum
Gia Lai
Dak Lak
Dak Nong
Lam Dong
Ho Chi Minh City
Ninh Thuan
Binh Phuoc
Tay Ninh
Binh Duong
Dong Nai Binh Thuan
Ba Ria Vung Tau
Long An
Dong Thap
An Giang
Tien Giang
Vinh Long
Ben Tre
Kien Giang
Can Tho
Hau GiangTra VinhSoc TrangBac Lieu
Ca Mau
0.1
.2.3
.4.5
Ad
eq
ua
cy o
f L
an
d Info
rma
tion C
om
mu
ne
Spo
t C
hecks
0 20 40 60 80Poverty Rate 2010
Two-pronged approach
Supply side – State Agencies
Attitude
Capacity
Leadership
Demand side – Firms and Individuals
Be aware of the right to information and use this right.
A Law on Access to Information that makes information disclosure as a norm except for the “negative” list!
Evidence of Leadership – More Interested Provinces Produce Better Results
Average score of
transparency online in 2010
Average score of transparency
online in 2013 – Round 1
Improved average score 2010-2013
Round 1
Average score on transparency online of 33 provinces that received notification letter of the survey
0.32 0.42 +0.103
- For 6 provinces that contacted again
0.23 0.46 +0.229
- For 27 provinces that did not contact again 0.37 0.46 +0.097
Note: The improved score has low statistical significance of 15%. The Table consolidates only the improvements before notification letters are sent by the survey team.
Actionable recommendations in provincial tailored reports aimed at…
learning good practices from other provinces.
http://www.worldbank.org/vn/governance http://www.vtp.org.vn
Huong Thi Lan Tran
Twitter: @GaoteHanoi
Email: [email protected]
James Anderson
Twitter: @jimnosredna
Email: [email protected]