video vocab 04 - law 1: basic legal terms
DESCRIPTION
In this epsiode of Video Vocab we’re going to look at basic vocabulary related to the law. This is the first in a three-part series: part 1 covers basic legal terms, part 2 will look words related to a court case and part 3 will look at the vocabulary related to commercial law. Key Vocabulary: 1. Law (civil, criminal, contract, property, trust, tort, constituational, administrative & international) 2. Lawyer (AmE = Attorney, BrE = Solicitor) 3. Defense 4. Prosecution 5. CaseTRANSCRIPT
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Law 1: Basic Vocabulary
Video Vocab 04
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Law
Part 1: Basic Legal Terms
Part 2: Court Vocabulary
Part 3: Commercial Law
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collocationsWord partnerships or
words that are commonly used together by native
speakers.
Word + Word = Collocation
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wikipediaOnline encyclopedia
made up of contributions from many different
people.
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lawA system of rules that people are supposed to follow in a society or country.
The courts and police enforce this system of rules and punish people who break the law.
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lawA legal code is a written code of laws that are enforced.
A lawyer is a professional who studies and argues the rules of law.
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lawlaw + adjective:
civil lawcriminal law
collocationslaw + verb:
break the lawenforce the lawbecome lawpass a law
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civil lawPart of the law that deals with disagreements between private individuals.
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civil lawComes from 2 sources:
1. legislation - laws created by the government.
2. common law - laws based on previous legal decisions and tradition.
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criminal lawCriminal law is a system of law concerned with crimes and the punishment of criminals.
Most criminal law is based on government legislation.
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contract lawContract law sets rules on agreements to buy and sell items and services.
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property lawProperty law states the rights and obligations that a person has when they buy, sell or rent homes and buildings.
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trust lawTrust law sets out the rules for money that is put into an investment, such as pension funds.
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tort lawTort law helps people to make claims for compensation when someone hurts them or their property.
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constitutional law
Constitutional law relates to the running of governments and civil rights.
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administrative law
Administrative law is used by citizens when they want to challenge government decisions.
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international law
International law is used to set out rules on how countries interact in areas such as trade, environment or war.
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lawyerSomeone who has studied law and has a special qualification to represent people in court or other legal actions.
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lawyerUSA = Attorney
UK = Solicitor
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trial lawyerUSA = Counsel
UK = Barrister
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defense lawyer(defence BrE)The lawyer
that represents the person accused of a crime.
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prosecution lawyer
The lawyer that represents the government side.
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caseA case is a legal action that will be decided in a court of law.
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case
court case A case that will be heard in court.
criminal case A case involving a criminal act.
civil caseA case under civil law.
collocations
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casecollocationsbring a case (against
somebody) To file charges against another person.
defend a caseTo try to prove that the accused is innocent.
consider a case To hear the defence and prosecution arguments and reach a decision.
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casecollocationshear a case
(Same meaning as to consider a case.)
handle a case To be in charge of representing either side.
prosecute a case When the prosecution decides to press charges and asks a court to hear the case.
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casecollocations
dismiss a caseTo end a case without reaching a verdict.
settle a caseTo reach an agreement without finishing the trial.
drop a caseTo decide not to prosecute a case.
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