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Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland

Description:Restricted to near coastal localities on secondary or tertiary dunes behind Coastal Dune Scrub. Usually dominated by awoodland overstorey of Coast Banksia Banksia integrifolia to 15 m tall over a medium shrub layer. The understorey consists of anumber of herbs and sedges, including scramblers.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haBanksia spp. 50 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Banksia spp. Coast Banksia

Life Forms:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 3 40% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% MNGGround Fern 1 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-treeLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Haloragis brownii Swamp RaspwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Galium australe Tangled BedstrawSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004

© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004

This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or at cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriatefor your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layerrich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deepsandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus baxteri s.s. Brown Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 15 25% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 6 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGGround Fern 1 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







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EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS r Boronia nana var. nana Dwarf BoroniaPS Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Heath XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellMH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Nertera granadensis Matted NerteraSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea var. setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassTTG Isolepis marginata Little Club-sedgeTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens var. scandens Common Apple-berry

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury low lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland

Description:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low,dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species.

+ eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 50 cm 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MS Small Shrub 8 20% SS Prostrate Shrub 3 5% PS Medium Herb 3 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GF Scrambler or Climber 3 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Gompholobium ecostatum Dwarf Wedge-peaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG r Lepidosperma canescens Hoary Rapier-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushTTG Schoenus breviculmis Matted Bog-sedgeGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 6: Sand Heathland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion


Organic Litter:20% cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 6_61: Treed Sand Heathland

Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion


Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/ha

50 cmEucalyptus spp. 15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:#Spp %Cover LF CodeLifeform

Medium Shrub 30% MS6

Small Shrub 20% SS8

Prostrate Shrub 5% PS3

Medium Herb 5% MH3

Small or Prostrate Herb 5% SH2

Large Tufted Graminoid 10% LTG2

Large Non-Tufted Graminoid 5% LNG1

Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 15% MTG6

Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid 1% MNG1

Ground Fern 1% GF1

Scrambler or Climber 5% SC3

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BL

Soil Crust 10% S/C

Description:Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, denseheathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species.

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 6_61: Treed Sand Heathland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Banksia marginata Silver Banksia

MS Epacris impressa Common Heath

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree

MS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-tree

SS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bush

SS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flower

SS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-pea

SS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bells

PS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-pots

PS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath

PS Gompholobium ecostatum Dwarf Wedge-pea

MH Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata Tall Sundew

MH Goodenia geniculata Bent Goodenia

SH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden Violet

LTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grass

LTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-tree

LNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge

MTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass

MTG Lepidosperma canescens Hoary Rapier-sedger

MTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush

MTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge

MNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rush

GF Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern

SC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

SC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurel



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC

www.dse.vic.gov.au

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the NominatedOfficer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.


This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposesand therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

December 2004



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland to 5 m tall although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lowerslopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by arange of sedges, grasses and shrubs.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 7 50% MSSmall Shrub 6 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSMedium Herb 3 5% MHSmall Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Leucopogon australis Spike Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgePS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Acianthus spp. Mosquito OrchidSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus Button GrassLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.s. Grass Trigger-plantMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushMNG Schoenus lepidosperma Slender Bog-sedgeMNG Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hairy Rice-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lycopodium deuterodensum Bushy ClubmossSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurel










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 8: Wet Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh

Description:Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zonesin the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment.Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSMedium Herb 2 30% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Sclerostegia arbuscula Shrubby GlasswortSS Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flower


Organic Litter:10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMTG Critesion marinum Sea Barley-grass high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland

Description: Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish or occasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and often fringed by a tall scrub layer of Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia or Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum at the landward edge.

Life Forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Medium Shrub 1 1% MS Large Herb 3 10% LH Medium Herb 4 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 4 15% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 25% LNG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNG Scrambler or Climber 1 5% SC

Total understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

MS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree LH Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed MH Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed MH Lobelia anceps Angled Lobelia SH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-mat SH Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula SH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flower SH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping Cotula LTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass LNG Phragmites australis Common Reed MNG Triglochin striatum Streaked Arrowgrass SC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years

Organic Litter: 10% cover

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact LH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high low LH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high low LH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high low MH Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup high high MH Lotus uliginosus Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil high high MH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high high MH Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache high high MTG Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent high high MNG Polypogon viridis Water Bent high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007


This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged;

• no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and

• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.


This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate

for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity of species and lifeforms in each stratum. Includes a variety of heathyunderstorey shrubs. It grows on a wide variety of geology and soils.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Eucalyptus willisii Shining Peppermint Eucalyptus baxteri s.s. Brown Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 16: Lowland Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Correa reflexa Common CorreaMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Pultenaea stricta Rigid Bush-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Dipodium punctatum s.l. Hyacinth OrchidLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Austrostipa muelleri Wiry Spear-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gulliesleading into creeks and rivers. Soils are fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by talleucalypts, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grassesand herbs.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Austrocynoglossum latifolium Forest Hound's-tongueSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills toexposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor inform to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leavedshrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 20% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Tetratheca labillardierei Glandular Pink-bellsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cicendia quadrangularis Square Cicendia high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfallareas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity andvariability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to lowshrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Ironbark

Eucalyptus baxteri Brown StringybarkEucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% T Medium Shrub 4 20% MS Small Shrub 3 10% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PS Large Herb 1 1% LH Medium Herb 2 5% MH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Spyridium parvifolium Dusty MillerMS Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle WattleMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Hop-bushMS Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush-peaSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Isopogon ceratophyllus Horny Cone-bushSS Pultenaea humilis Dwarf Bush-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma semiteres Wire Rapier-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock Grass



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to mediumheight forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer includinga number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest ischaracterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite offern species.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark

Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 7 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Acacia aculeatissima Thin-leaf WattlePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas ofmoderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall openforest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbsand grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum

Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T Medium Shrub 3 20% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Large Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 6 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Scrambler/Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Tall GreenhoodMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Variable Sword-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderatelyfertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understoreycharacterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoidsand herbs in the ground stratum.



Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved Peppermint Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 7 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 15% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS k Pultenaea muelleri var. reflexifolia Mueller's Bush-peaSS Acacia aculeatissima Thin-leaf WattleSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial oralluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. The tall, open overstorey to 25 m tall may carry a variety ofeucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich arrayof herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may besparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 16 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Myoporum sp. 1 Sticky BoobiallaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLTG Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Bulbil Watsonia high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 48: Heathy Woodland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian oroutwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 mtall usually lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs exceptwhere frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but theground cover is normally fairly sparse.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. Brown Stringybark

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 7 35% MSSmall Shrub 9 20% SSProstrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 48: Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-peaSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathSS Boronia pilosa Hairy BoroniaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaPS Boronia nana Dwarf BoroniaMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMNG Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hairy Rice-grassMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low




EVC 53: Swamp Scrub

Description: Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with high nutrient and water availability. Soils vary from organic loams to fine silts and peats which are inundated during the wetter months of the year and is dominated by Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermun lanigerum which often forms a dense impenetrable thicket, out-competing other species. Emergent trees (eg. Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata) may some times be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort herbaceous ground cover is often present.

Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name 60% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree Melaleuca squarrosa Scented Paperbark Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

Understorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Large Herb 5 10% LH Medium Herb 13 30% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 9 15% LTG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTG Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

LH Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flower LH Epilobium pallidiflorum Showy Willow-herb MH Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Wing Pennywort MH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian Lilaeopsis MH Hydrocotyle muscosa Mossy Pennywort SH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted Pratia SH Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula LTG Juncus procerus Tall Rush LTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedge LTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grass LTG Amphibromus recurvatus Dark Swamp Wallaby-grass MTG Schoenus maschalinus Leafy Bog-sedge MTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grass MTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf Rush

Recruitment: Continuous

Organic Litter: 20% Cover









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 53: Swamp Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact LH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high low MH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high high MH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high MTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at lowelevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. Thisvariant occupies areas receiving approximately 500 – 700 mm annual rainfall.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 12 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low

EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 - Plains




40 cmAllocasuarina luehmannii 15 / ha

70 cmEucalyptus spp.

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey BoxAllocasuarina luehmannii BulokeEucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum


Immature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Medium Shrub 5% MS2

Small Shrub 5% SS2


Large Herb 1% LH1

Medium Herb 20% MH20






Soil Crust 10% S/C

Description:Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbsadapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall perannum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from formerQuaternary swamp deposits.


EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 -Plains Woodland)

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust Wattle

MS Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle

SS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common Eutaxia

PS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry Heath

LH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed

MH Acaena echinata Sheep's Burr

MH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-heads

MH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush

MH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow Plantain

SH Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot

SH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf Goodenia

SH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrel

SH Solenogyne dominii Smooth Solenogyne

LTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grass

MTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass


MTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grass

MTG Dianella revoluta var. revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MNG Wurmbea dioica Common Early Nancy

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:10 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowCommon Sow-thistleSonchus oleraceusLH high lowSmooth Cat's-earHypochoeris glabraMH high lowCape WeedArctotheca calendulaMH high lowVelvety PinkPetrorhagia dubiaMH high lowSuckling CloverTrifolium dubiumMH high lowPimpernelAnagallis arvensisMH high lowCluster CloverTrifolium glomeratumSH high lowWild OatAvena fatuaLNG high lowOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high lowLesser Quaking-grassBriza minorMTG high lowLarge Quaking-grassBriza maximaMTG high lowWimmera Rye-grassLolium rigidumMTG high lowSquirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoidesMTG high lowRat's-tail FescueVulpia myurosMNG high lowCapitate RushJuncus capitatusMNG high lowRed BromeBromus rubensMNG high lowNarrow-leaf CloverTrifolium angustifolium var.

angustifoliumMH high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or acacia/sheoak woodland to 10 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat orgently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy andherbaceous ground layer. This variant occupies areas receiving greater than 700 mm annual rainfall.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAcacia melanoxylon 40 cmAllocasuarina verticillata 40 cm


Eucalyptus viminalis Manna GumAcacia melanoxylon BlackwoodAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Chysocephalum apiculatum Common EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa morrisii Soft Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass


Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian VolcanicPlain bioregion


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.




Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland

Description:An open eucalypt woodland to 20 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious andaquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often inconjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertilealluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum

Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Myoporum sp. 1 Sticky BoobiallaLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Rumex brownii Slender DockSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine LilyMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Schoenus nitens Shiny Bog-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassEP Muellerina eucalyptoides Creeping MistletoeSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plainbioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high lowMH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Atriplex prostrata Hastate Orache high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs in low rainfall areas (<550 mm per annum) on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stonysoils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey consists of a variety of eucalypts to 20 m tall, often including oneof the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layerranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses.



Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.s. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber* 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life formTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Crassula decumbens var. decumbens Spreading CrassulaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Hyalosperma demissum Moss SunraySH Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented SundewSH Drosera glanduligera Scarlet SundewLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Drosera macrantha Climbing Sundew



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland

Description:Low open (mallee) woodland to 8 m tall with an understorey dominated by chenopod (saltbush) species, occasional grasses andseasonal herbs. Occurs on laterised clays and duplex soils that tend to have a high salt content and are largely impervious towater.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box

Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Eucalyptus behriana Bull Mallee

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 5% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 20% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia implexa LightwoodT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakT Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata MoonahMS r Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant SaltbushMS Dodonaea viscosa ssp. cuneata Wedge-leaf Hop-bushMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Einadia hastata SaloopMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Carpobrotus modestus Inland PigfaceSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrostipa densiflora Dense Spear-grassSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plainbioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn low highSS Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Galenia high highLH Phytolacca octandra Red-ink Weed high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drainedduplex soils with sandy loam overlying a heavier clay subsoil. Understorey consists of few, if any shrubs with the strikingfeature of this EVC being the high species-richness of the ground-layer and the low biomass of this cover, particularly insummer.



Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb* 8 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life form



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerSS Hibbertia stricta s.l. Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Viola cleistogamoides Hidden VioletSH Siloxerus multiflorus Small WrinklewortSH Drosera pygmaea Tiny SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Triglochin nanum Dwarf ArrowgrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Aphelia pumilio Dwarf ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed high lowMH Parentucellia latifolia Red Bartsia high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceousground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on awide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid andherbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or systemof interconnected small ponds.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 3 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia retinodes WirildaMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lemna disperma Common DuckweedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-garssLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plainbioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Salix fragilis Crack Willow high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed high highLH Verbena bonariensis s.l. Purple-top Verbena high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high highMH Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLTG Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet high highMTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high highMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A dry, open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall often with a sparse shrub layer. The understorey is dominated by a carpet of herbsand grasses. Soils are generally shallow but fertile, and outcropping rock is not uncommon. This seasonally dry environment isfavourable for annual herbs, with the fertile nature of the various geologies also supporting perennial herbs. Landform can varyfrom relatively flat ground to ridge tops on sedimentary sandstones (along seams of mineral-rich sandstone) to undulating,rounded, granite hill landforms.



Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant treesoften being stunted.



Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Bundy

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 5 5% MSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 11 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Grevillea alpina Cat's Claw GrevilleaMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMH Senecio hispidulus var. dissectus Rough FireweedMH Isotoma axillaris Rock IsotomeMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Narrow Rock-fernEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira spp. Hair Grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locallydominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses andsedges in the ground layer.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Olearia glandulosa Swamp Daisy-bushMS Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Rosemary EverlastingLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Persicaria praetermissa Spotted KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelMH Euchiton involucratus s.l. Star CudweedSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf RushMTG Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower RushMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plainbioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia high lowMH Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush high highMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMNG Vulpia spp. Fescue high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 104: Lignum Swamp

Description:Shrubland to 3 m tall or open woodland to 15 m tall, with an understorey that can be rich in herbaceous species. Occurs oninundation-prone heavy grey soils in depressions or floodways in low rainfall areas.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 80 cm 5

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmatrure Canopy Tree+ 5% ITMedium Shrub 1 20% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 3 15% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta LignumLH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyLH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooMH Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Lesser JoyweedMH Myriophyllum muelleri Hooded Water-milfoilSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lobelia concolor Poison PratiaLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Juncus subsecundus Finger RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years.


Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high highLH Cynara cardunculus Spanish Artichoke high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland

Description:This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Swamp GumEucalyptus ovata. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grassesand small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in thewetter central areas.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 128: Grassy Forest

Description:Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubsand understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests andtaller herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments.



Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 4 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 30% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Pultenaea gunnii Golden Bush-peaSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Grey Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gymnoclada Naked BluebellMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 128: Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine low highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Agrostis capillaris s.l. Brown-top Bent high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation mostly less than 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies fertile crackingbasalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving at least 500 mm annual rainfall.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 5% LH Medium Herb 12 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 40% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust* na 20% BL

* Note: treat as one life form in this EVC

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerLH Rumex dumosus Wiry DockMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Thelymitra pauciflora s.l. Slender Sun-orchidMNG Microtis unifolia Common Onion-orchidSC Convolvulus erubescens Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland

Description:Treeless vegetation mostly < 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies cracking basalt soils proneto seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving < 500 mm annual rainfall.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeSmall Shrub* 1 5% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb* 2 5% LH Medium Herb 8 20% MH Small or Prostrate Herb* 3 10% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust** na 20% BL

* Largely seasonal life form** Note: treat as one life form in this EVC

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSS Pimelea curviflora s.s. Curved Rice-flowerPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushLH Ptilotus macrocephalus Feather-headsMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassMTG Whalleya proluta Rigid PanicMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years.








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Trifolium striatum Knotted Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 134: Sand Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring on deep, low fertility sand deposits subject to high fire frequency. The understorey isvisually dominated by Austral Bracken and the overall diversity is low.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis Rough-barked Manna-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 3 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 1 50% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Astroloma conostephioides Flame HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Goodenia geniculata Bent GoodeniaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Xanthorrhoea australis Austral Grass-treeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grassMTG Lomandra nana Dwarf Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 134: Sand Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Aira praecox Early Hair-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 136: Sedge Wetland

Description:Seasonal wetlands containing generally treeless vegetation dominated by sedges. May contain a fringe of shrubs and isolatedshrubs may also be present throughout. Usually of low diversity in central areas but richer on verges and in some moreephemeral forms of the EVC. Frequently on soils of high organic content, in depressions with sandy terrain.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 1 5% LH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 20% LNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 55%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLTG Baloskian tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rushLTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsLTG Baumea articulata Jointed Twig-sedgeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rush

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years


Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high highMTG Critesion hystrix Mediterranean Barley-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 136: Sedge Wetland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland

Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong waveaction and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 40% MSMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 25%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Avicennia marina ssp. australasica White MangroveMNG Zostera muelleri Dwarf Grass-wrack









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub

Description:Coastal Dune Scrub occupies the secondary dunes along ocean and bay beaches and lake shores. Closed scrub to 3 m tall withoccasional emergent trees on siliceous and calcareous sands that are subject to high levels of saltspray and continuousdisturbance from onshore winds.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 5 50% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia longifolia s.l. Coast WattleMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushMS Monotoca elliptica s.l. Tree Broom-heathMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Lepidosperma concavum Sandhill Sword-sedgeMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion




EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub

Description: Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses of extreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west. Occurs on shallow sands along rocky sections of the coast.

Life forms:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Medium Shrub 7 50% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Large Herb 2 1% LH Medium Herb 4 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG Scrambler or Climber 2 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name MS Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree MS Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast Wattle MS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry Saltbush MS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath SS Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed SH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flower MTG Dianella brevicaulis Small-flower Flax-lily MTG Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Coast Blown-grass MTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grass MTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass MNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge SC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis SC Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach


Organic Litter: 40 % cover

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high high MS Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Myrtle-leaf Milkwort high high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high high









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland

Description:A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and thestrong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 10% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 90%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Correa alba White CorreaLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herbMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerSH Leptinella reptans s.l. Creeping CotulaLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Isolepis cernua Nodding Club-sedgeMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Dianella revoluta var. brevicaulis Coast Flax-lilyMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLTG Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Woodland or open forest to 15 m tall occurring on creek terraces and along shallow drainage lines with ephemeral flows. Soilsare mostly alluvial deposits of seasonally wet sands and silts. Characterised by a sparse shrub layer above a grassy/sedgyunderstorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark

Eucalyptus viminalis Manna GumEucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum

Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Narrow-leaf Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treePS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high highT Malus pumila Apple high highT Salix spp. Willow high highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highMH Lotus uliginosus Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush high highMTG Cyperus congestus Dense Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 175: Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak/Acacia woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layerof grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes orundulating hills on a range of geologies.+ eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing non-eucalypt areas)

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina spp. 40 cmAcacia spp. 30 cm


Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus viminalis Manna GumAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakAcacia implexa LightwoodAcacia mearnsii Black Wattle

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Cassinia arcuata Drooping CassiniaMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Atriplex semibaccata Berry SaltbushMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high high

EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy Woodland




30 cmAcacia spp. 15 / ha

40 cmAllocasuarina spp.

70 cmEucalyptus spp.

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Acacia implexa Lightwood

Acacia mearnsii Black WattleAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakEucalyptus ovata Swamp GumEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf PeppermintEucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum




Small Shrub 1% SS2


Medium Herb 20% MH8







Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses andherbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a rangeof geologies.


EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy Woodland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle

MS Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria

MS Cassinia arcuata Drooping Cassinia

SS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flower

PS Atriplex semibaccata Berry Saltbush

MH Acaena echinata Sheep's Burr

MH Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding Saltbush

SH Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber Crassula

SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed

LTG Various spp.

LTG Various spp.


MTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grass

MTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily

MTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush

MNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

SC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactAfrican Box-thornLycium ferocissimumMS high highPanic Veldt-grassEhrharta erecta var. erectaMTG high highChilean Needle-grassNassella neesianaMTG high highSerrated TussockNassella trichotomaMTG high highAnnual Veldt-grassEhrharta longifloraMTG high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high lowCape WeedArctotheca calendulaMH high lowHairy HawkbitLeontodon taraxacoides subsp.

taraxacoidesMH high low

Large Quaking-grassBriza maximaMTG high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 191: Riparian Scrub

Description:A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts maybe occasionally present. The understorey typically consists of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeksand minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name60% Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MS Large Herb 4 10% LH Medium Herb 8 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 20% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass



Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland

Description:Shrub-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey visually dominated by medium shrubs and including arange of sedges and grasses and herbs including a number of annuals. Occurs on moderately fertile, poorly-drained, shallowsand or silty topsoils over heavier clay subsoils that naturally impede drainage. Often associated with recent Quaternary swampdeposits and broad, seasonal drainage lines and outwash flats. Soils are generally inundated or waterlogged in winter andbaked hard in summer, which promotes sedges and annual species.




Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall Herb* 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

* Largely seasonal life form

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Melaleuca decussata Totem-polesMS Leptospermum scoparium ManukaSS Hibbertia riparia Upright Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Hypericum gramineum Small St. John’s-wortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus pallidus Pale RushMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Juncus amabilis Hollow RushMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedgeMNG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf Rush







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland

Description:Eucalypt forest or woodland to 15 m tall with sedge-dominated understorey. Occurs on flats along low gradient creeks anddrainage lines subject to seasonal inundation and waterlogging in moderately fertile habitats.




Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 5 20% MSMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 30% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMH Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus humilis Shade RaspwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLTG Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Tassel Cord-rushLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushMTG Dianella longifolia Pale Flax-lilyMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennel high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowSH Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall on stony rises (highly irregular terrain on recent basalt flows). Soils are fertile and well-drainedbut shallow or skeletal. Limited soil development outside of rock-cracks and dry summers promote annuals and deep-rootedperennials.


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 1 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Ranunculus sessiliflorus Annual ButtercupMH Parietaria debilis s.l. Shade PellitorySH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock FernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Veronica persica Persian Speedwell high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland

Description:Occurs in shallow depressions associated with broad plains or floodplains. Soils are poorly drained, cracking clays which canseasonally form shallow freshwater marshes. The vegetation is an open woodland to 15 m tall, with shrubs and understoreytrees generally absent, and sedges predominating in the ground layer. Herbs typical of inundated environments are present,but also grass, herb and geophyte species common to surrounding woodlands.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum

Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 4 15% LHMedium Herb 10 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 13 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 20% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland –Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS v Comesperma polygaloides Small MilkwortSS Eutaxia microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilLH Brachyscome cardiocarpa Swamp DaisyLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Myriocephalus rhizocephalus Woolly-headsSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLNG Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma congestum Clustered Sword-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Chorizandra enodis Black Bristle-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis glabra Smooth CentrolepisTTG Aphelia gracilis Slender ApheliaSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Cicendia filiformis Slender Cicendia high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high lowTTG Isolepis hystrix Awned Club-sedge high low

EVC 291: Cane Grass Wetland






Description:Open-grassland, typically very species-poor except on outer verges, often with monospecific (or virtually so) cane-grass dominatedcentres. Occur on alluvial plains in shallow (~1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, prone to turbidity when inundated(4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry.

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameSH Apium annuum Annual Celery

SH Azolla filiculoides Pacific Azolla

SH Lemna disperma Common Duckweed

MNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

MNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grass




www.dse.vic.gov.au




April 2011



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 292: Red Gum Swamp

Description:Open woodland to 15 m tall. Occurs on alluvial plains in the seasonally wet depressions of shallow drainage lines or priorstream meanders, typically associated with heavy paludal soils, sometimes with gilgai development. The annual rainfall acrossits distribution is generally below 700 mm, and the period of inundation may range from 2 to 6 months. River Red Gumwoodland with sedgy or grassy-herbaceous ground-layer, comprising various balances of true aquatics and species tolerant ofintermittent to seasonal inundation.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITLarge Herb 2 10% LH Medium Herb 7 25% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNG

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Eryngium ovinum Blue DevilMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Lythrum hyssopifolia Small LoosestrifeMH Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Pale SundewMH Haloragis aspera Rough RaspwortSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Schoenus tesquorum Soft Bog-sedgeMTG Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood – desrirable period of disturbance is once every 5 years


Logs:10m/0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMNG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland

Description:Low shrubland to 1.5 m tall occurring in sheltered coastal areas where sand deposits have formed as a result of low energywave action. Contains a number of halophytic species over a ground layer of grasses and herbs.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 10% MHSmall Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 70%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Atriplex cinerea Coast SaltbushMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey CudweedMH Actites megalocarpa Coast Sow-thistleSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume GrassMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Austrofestuca littoralis Coast FescueMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Boneseed high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Conyza albida Tall Fleabane high lowMH Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 641: Riparian Woodland

Description:Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 15 m tall generally dominated byEucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs mayoccur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T Medium Shrub 2 10% MS Small Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 4 15% LH Medium Herb 5 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Viminaria juncea Golden SpraySS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedLH Myriophyllum crispatum Upright Water-milfoilMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Mentha australis River MintMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water-ribbonsMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 641: Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20m / 0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland

Description:Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey of shrubs and grasses, presumed originally quite species-rich.Occurs on well-drained to seasonally damp fertile soils in higher rainfall areas of volcanic plain.



Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 2 5% MSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 15% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grassLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Pinus radiata Radiata Pine high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Gamochaeta purpurea s.s. Spiked Cudweed high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowSNG Sisyrinchium iridifolium Blue Pigroot high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. Associated with tuff (volcanic ash) volcanoes.




Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 20% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heathMS Solanum laciniatum Large Kangaroo AppleLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Wiry DockLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland

Description:Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavyclay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbarkshrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low tomoderate, but higher towards drier margins.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 40% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNG

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Stellaria angustifolia Swamp StarwortMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Pale Swamp EverlastingSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootLTG Carex tereticaulis Hollow SedgeMTG k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Wetland Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG v Amphibromus sinuatus Wavy Swamp Wallaby-grass



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMTG Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush high high







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland

Description:Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurson low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severesummer dryness.

+ woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 3 10% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 11 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 25% MTGTiny Tufted Graminoid 2 5% TTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattlePS Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Senecio glomeratus Annual FireweedMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John’s WortMH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep’s BurrSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassTTG Carex breviculmis Short-stem SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Great Mullein high highLH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMTG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMTG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMTG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch low low

EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll Shrubland



Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria




Large Herb 1% LH2





Tiny Tufted Graminoid 5% TTG2

Ground Fern 5% GF2


Soil Crust 10% S/C

Description:Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs on lowstony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe summer dryness.

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge Wattle

MS Melicytus dentatus s.l. Tree Violet

PS Kennedia prostrata Running Postman

LH Senecio glomeratus Annual Fireweed

LH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed

MH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's Burr

MH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's Wort

MH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrel

MH Rumex brownii Slender Dock

SH Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber Crassula


SH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort



MTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

MTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass


TTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge


EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair

GF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken



Logs:5 m/0.1ha. (note: large log class does not apply).

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactToowoomba Canary-grassPhalaris aquaticaLTG high highSerrated TussockNassella trichotomaMTG high highCocksfootDactylis glomerataMTG high highRat-tail GrassSporobolus africanusMTG high highMontpellier BroomGenista monspessulanaMS high highFennelFoeniculum vulgareLH high highGreat MulleinVerbascum thapsus subsp. thapsusLH high highYorkshire FogHolcus lanatusLNG high highPepper TreeSchinus molleT high highAfrican Box-thornLycium ferocissimumMS high highHeart-leaf Ice-plantAptenia cordifoliaSH high highPaterson's CurseEchium plantagineumLH high highHorehoundMarrubium vulgareSS high highSoft BromeBromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceusMTG high lowSquirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoidesMTG high lowOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high lowFalse Hair-grassPentaschistis airoides subsp. airoidesMTG high lowPerennial Rye-grassLolium perenneMTG high lowRat's-tail FescueVulpia myurosMTG high lowRed BromeBromus rubensMTG high lowBearded OatAvena barbataMTG high lowSilvery Hair-grassAira caryophylleaMTG high lowHairy Bird's-foot TrefoilLotus subbiflorusMH high lowNarrow-leaf CloverTrifolium angustifolium var.


Hop CloverTrifolium campestre var. campestreMH high lowHare's-foot CloverTrifolium arvense var. arvenseMH high lowRough Sow-thistleSonchus asper s.l.LH high lowHedge MustardSisymbrium officinaleLH high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowSlender CentauryCentaurium tenuiflorumLH high lowLarge Quaking-grassBriza maximaMTG high lowOx-tongueHelminthotheca echioidesLH high lowPrickly LettuceLactuca serriolaLH high lowBurr MedicMedicago polymorphaSH high lowCluster CloverTrifolium glomeratumSH high lowRed-flower MallowModiola carolinianaSH high lowWild OatAvena fatuaLNG high lowAnnual Veldt-grassEhrharta longifloraMTG high lowSubterranean CloverTrifolium subterraneumMH high lowCommon Sow-thistleSonchus oleraceusLH high lowCommon Mouse-earChickweed

Cerastium glomeratum s.l.MH high low

Common VetchVicia sativa subsp. sativaSC low low




Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground layer dominated by tussock grasses, sedges and herbs. Shrubs are often scatteredthroughout. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 15% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 30% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Melaleuca gibbosa Slender Honey-myrtleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffMH Centella cordifolia CentellaMH Lobelia anceps Angled LobeliaMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelSH R r Lobelia beaugleholei Showy LobeliaSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortLTG Gahnia trifida Coast Saw-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Poa clelandii Noah's ArkMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLTG Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 652: Lunette Woodland

Description:An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a grassy and herb-rich understorey. Occupies on generally fertile, relatively well-drained, clay-loam soils on source-bordering lunettes.



Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 652: Lunette Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion




Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 653: Aquatic Herbland

Description:Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquaticherbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 2 10% LH Medium Herb 5 40% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 10% SH Large Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Water-milfoilMH Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Floating PondweedMH Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel PondweedMH Marsilea drummondii Common NardooSH Azolla filiculoides Pacific AzollaSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lemna disperma DuckweedLNG Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike-sedgeMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain high highMH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high highMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland

Description:Creekline Tussock Grassland occurs along low gradient ephemeral and intermittent drainage lines across the volcanic plains.Soils are generally fertile heavy dark clays. Exposed basalt rocks can be common. Dominated by a dense sward of CommonTussock-grass Poa labillardierei primarily with small herbs and typically mat-forming grasses in the inter-tussock spaces. ThisEVC often includes small areas of sedgeland and/or wetland.

Life forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 11 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Senecio quadridentatus Cottony FireweedLH Senecio tenuiflorus Narrow-leaf GroundeslLH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Calocephalus lacteus Milky Beaty-headsLH Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Woodland Swamp-daisyMH Microseris sp. 1 Yam DaisyMH Haloragis heterophylla Varied RaspwortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Carex tereticaulis Rush SedgeLTG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf RushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt GrassMNG Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Mat GrassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment: Episodic – fire/grazing – desirable period of disturbance is every 10 years








www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highMNG Agrostis capillaris Brown-top Bent high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp

Description:Shrubland to 2 m tall, typically very species-poor except on outer verges. May include species typical of more saline areas.Occurs in low rainfall areas (<500 mm per annum) in shallow (to 1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, proneto turbidity when inundated (4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 1 25% MSProstrate Shrub 2 10% PSMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 40% MNGSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 75%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Muehlenbeckia florulenta Tangled LignumPS Wilsonia rotundifolia Round-leaf WilsoniaMNG Eragrostis infecunda Southern Cane-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked Arrow-grass










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 656: Brackish Wetland

Description:Treeless EVC dominated by sedges and herbs that are generally indicative of saline conditions. True halophytic species such assamphires, if present, only occur with very low cover. Occurs in estuaries and along poorly defined drainage lines or associatedwith shorelines of brackish lakes.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover 80%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Smooth Willow-herbMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedMH Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flowerLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeLNG Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Sea RushLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-sedgeMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Schoenoplectus pungens Sharp Club-sedgeMNG Triglochin striatum Streaked ArrowgrassSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed

Recruitment:Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 656: Brackish Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland

Description:Shrub-dominated low eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, with a range of grasses, sedges and herbs in the understorey. Occurs onheavy soils along low-gradient boggy drainage lines on relatively high rainfall volcanic plains.



Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 4 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Acacia verticillata Prickly MosesMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Centella cordifolia CentellaMH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian LilaeopsisMH Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Fairies' ApronsSH Eryngium vesiculosum PrickfootSH Neopaxia australasica White PurslaneSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortLTG Juncus flavidus Gold RushLTG Amphibromus nervosus Common Swamp Wallaby-grassLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Glyceria australis Australian Sweet-grassMTG Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf RushMTG Austrodanthonia duttoniana Brown-back Wallaby-grassMNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedgeMNG Eleocharis pusilla Small Spike-sedge







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit high lowLTG Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Holcus setosus Annual Fog high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowTTG Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 710: Damp Heathland

Description:Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability.Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergenteucalypts.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 20% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeSS Pultenaea stricta Rigid Bush-peaSS Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Bundled Guinea-flowerSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaSS Leucopogon glacialis Twisted Beard-heathPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Argentipallium obtusifolium Blunt EverlastingMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewSH Drosera pygmaea Tiny SundewMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flagMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushMNG Leptocarpus tenax Slender Twine-rushMNG Baumea juncea Bare Twig-sedgeSC Cassytha pubescens s.s. Downy Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel










www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 710: Damp Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland

Description:Woodland to 10 m tall with tall dense heathy understorey which becomes tall scrub if long unburnt in high rainfall areas. Theground layer consists of grasses, herbs, small shrubs and tough-leaved monocots. Developed on sandy soils of moderate tolow fertility, typically wet in winter due to impeding layer in soil and dry in summer.



Eucalyptus ovata Swamp GumEucalyptus willisii Jimmy’s Shining Peppermint

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 11 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Prickly MosesMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Lobelia pratioides Poison LobeliaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-treeLNG Lepidosperma longitudinale Pithy Sword-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Lepyrodia muelleri Common Scale-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland)

Description:Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophyticherbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils,derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm


Allocasuarina luehmannii Buloke Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box

Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 20 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 16 45% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains GrassyWoodland) - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Acacia pycnantha Golden WattleMS Acacia acinacea s.l. Gold-dust WattleSS Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Common EutaxiaPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena echinata Sheep's BurrMH Plantago gaudichaudii Narrow PlantainMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-headsSH Solenogyne dominii Smooth SolenogyneSH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Daucus glochidiatus Austral CarrotSH Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf GoodeniaLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grassMNG Wurmbea dioica Common Early NancyTTG Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy CentrolepisTTG Centrolepis aristata Pointed CentrolepisEP Amyema miquelii Box MistletoeSC Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lilySC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear high lowMH Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed high lowMH Petrorhagia velutina Velvety Pink high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Lolium rigidum Wimmera Rye-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Juncus capitatus Capitate Rush high lowMNG Bromus rubens Red Brome high low




EVC 821: Tall Marsh

Description: Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity.

Life Forms:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Large Herb 3 10% LH Medium Herb 2 5% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 6 10% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTG Large Non-tufted Graminoid 2 40% LNG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNG


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name LH Myriophyllum verrucosum Red Water-milfoil LH Myriophyllum salsugineum Lake Water-milfoil LH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flower MH Rumex bidens Mud Dock MH Lilaeopsis polyantha Australian Lilaeopsis MH Lepilaena bilocularis Small-fruit Water-mat SH Lemna disperma Common Duckweed SH Azolla filiculoides Pacific Azolla SH Wolffia australiana Tiny Duckweed SH Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flower LTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water Ribbons LTG Juncus ingens Giant Rush LNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedge LNG Phragmites australis Common Reed LNG Typha domingensis Cumbungi LNG Typha orientalis Broad-leaf Cumbungi MNG Lepilaena cylindrocarpa Long-fruit Water-mat MNG Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge

Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years

Organic Litter: 10% cover

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MH Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons high high MNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high high









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 821: Tall Marsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland

Description:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall may sometimesbe present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky streambed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.

+ eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)


Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 10 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 5 10% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SC

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushLH Persicaria decipiens Slender KnotweedLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Crassula helmsii Swamp CrassulaSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Sea CelerySH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield PennywortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedLNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedgeMTG Triglochin procerum s.l. Water RibbonsMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedgeSC Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Ulex europaeus Gorse high highLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high lowLH Aster subulatus Aster-weed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Plantago major Greater Plantain high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Nassella neesiana Chilean Needle-grass high highMTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMNG Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail high lowMNG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMNG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMNG Paspalum distichum Water Couch high highSC Galium aparine Cleavers high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch high low

EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland





Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum



Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 10% T2


Large Herb 5% LH3








Description:Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall is present. Occurs alongrivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which areoften dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters.



LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle

T Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

MS Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Sweet Bursaria

MS Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush

MS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree


LH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herb

LH Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed

MH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee

MH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield Pennywort


SH Apium prostratum subsp. prostratum Sea Celery

SH Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula


SH Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield Pennywort

LTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass

LNG Phragmites australis Common Reed

LNG Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani River Club-sedge

MTG Triglochin procera s.l. Water Ribbons

MNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge


SC Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Large Bindweed



Logs:10 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactToowoomba Canary-grassPhalaris aquaticaLTG high highHawthornCrataegus monogynaT high highGorseUlex europaeusMS high highChilean Needle-grassNassella neesianaMTG high highWater CouchPaspalum distichumMNG high highCocksfootDactylis glomerataMNG high highYorkshire FogHolcus lanatusLNG high highSweet BriarRosa rubiginosaMS high highSquirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoidesMTG high lowSoft BromeBromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceusMTG high lowGreat BromeBromus diandrusMTG high lowPerennial Rye-grassLolium perenneMTG high lowOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high lowLarge Quaking-grassBriza maximaMTG high lowWhite CloverTrifolium repens var. repensSH high lowGreater PlantainPlantago majorMH high lowSuckling CloverTrifolium dubiumMH high lowNarrow-leaf CloverTrifolium angustifolium var.


Cat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowAster-weedAster subulatusLH high lowOx-tongueHelminthotheca echioidesLH high low



Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactRough Dog's-tailCynosurus echinatusMNG high lowBearded OatAvena barbataMNG high lowClustered DockRumex conglomeratusLH high lowCleaversGalium aparineSC high lowPrairie GrassBromus catharticusMTG high lowRibwortPlantago lanceolataLH high lowCurled DockRumex crispusLH high lowCommon Sow-thistleSonchus oleraceusLH high lowLesser Quaking-grassBriza minorMTG high lowRough Sow-thistleSonchus asper s.l.LH high lowCommon VetchVicia sativa subsp. sativaSC high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au







EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub

Description: Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) and largely stable sand dunes and swales commonly dominated by Moonah Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata. It occurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550-950 mm, and it occurs on a variety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 8 m tall, typically with a medium shrub layer, small shrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer.

Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name 30% Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Moonah Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet Bursaria

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF code Medium Shrub 3 20% MS Small Shrub 1 1% SS Prostrate Shrub 1 5% PS Large Herb 2 1% LH Medium Herb 5 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTG Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTG Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNG Scrambler or Climber 2 1% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name MS Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Coast Wattle MS Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath MS Acacia retinodes var. uncifolia Coast Wirilda SS Hibbertia sericea s.l. Silky Guinea-flower PS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berry MH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisy MH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil Cranesbill MH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee SH Dichondra repens Kidney-weed SH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrel LTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush MTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lily MTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge MTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grass MTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grass MNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge SC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis SC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper









www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion


Organic Litter: 40 % cover

Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn low high MS Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed high high LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high MTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high low MNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high low MNG Vulpia spp. Fescue high low



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland

Description:Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall over a grassy to bracken-dominated understorey with arange of herbs. Occurs on the slopes of freely-draining scoria cones and spatter areas of more coarse boulder-forming flowsources. Soils are fertile but often skeletal.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / haAllocasuarina spp. 40 cm


Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 2 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 20% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Bursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Rumex brownii Wiry DockLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s BurrMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Short-stem SedgeMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high



Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland

Description:Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to highfertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.

+ eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required)


Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Acacia implexa Lightwood

Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakAcacia mearnsii Black WattleBursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MS Small Shrub 2 5% SS Large Herb 3 5% LH Medium Herb 4 10% MH Small or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SH Large Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 9 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GF Scrambler or Climber 1 5% SC Bryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS r Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant SaltbushMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletSS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby SaltbushLH Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted BluebellMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless BluebushMH Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Nodding SaltbushSH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat SpurgeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grassMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMTG Austrodanthonia setacea Bristly Wallaby-grassMNG Panicum effusum Hairy PanicGF Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005






www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland -Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha+.5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactT Schinus molle Pepper Tree high highMS Lycium ferocissimum African Box-thorn high highMS Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom high highSS Marrubium vulgare Horehound high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Helminthotheca echioides Ox-tongue high highLH Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce high lowLH Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Great Mullein high highLH Echium plantagineum Paterson's Curse high highLH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high lowLH Foeniculum vulgare Fennel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMH Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high lowMH Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Narrow-leaf Clover high lowMH Lotus suaveolens Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowSH Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic high lowSH Trifolium glomeratum Cluster Clover high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowSH Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaf Ice-plant high highLTG Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highLNG Avena fatua Wild Oat high lowMTG Nassella trichotoma Serrated Tussock high highMTG Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass high lowMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high lowMTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Soft Brome high lowMTG Sporobolus africanus Rat-tail Grass high highMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMTG Romulea rosea Onion Grass high lowMTG Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides False Hair-grass high lowMTG Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass high highMTG Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot high highMTG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMTG Bromus rubens Red Brome high lowMTG Avena barbata Bearded Oat high lowMTG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Vetch high low

EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland





Tree Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Acacia implexa Lightwood

Acacia mearnsii Black WattleAllocasuarina verticillataBursaria spinosa Sweet BursariaEucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis Manna Gum



Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 10% T3


Small Shrub 5% SS2

Large Herb 5% LH3

Medium Herb 10% MH4






Ground Fern 5% GF1



Soil Crust 10% S/C

Description:Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, arewell-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt shrubland to 8m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common.



LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Various spp.


MS Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbushr

SS Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush

LH Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted Bluebell

MH Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding Saltbush

MH Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush


SH Chamaesyce drummondii Flat Spurge


LTG Austrostipa bigeniculata Kneed Spear-grass

LNG Various spp.

MTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grass


MNG Panicum effusum Hairy Panic

GF Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak-fern

SC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

SC Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink Bindweed



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactHedge MustardSisymbrium officinaleLH high highHorehoundMarrubium vulgareSS high highRat-tail GrassSporobolus africanusMTG high highHeart-leaf Ice-plantAptenia cordifoliaSH high highGreat MulleinVerbascum thapsus subsp. thapsusLH high highMontpellier BroomGenista monspessulanaMS high highPerennial Rye-grassLolium perenneMTG high highOx-tongueHelminthotheca echioidesLH high highPepper TreeSchinus molleT high highFennelFoeniculum vulgareMH high highSerrated TussockNassella trichotomaMTG high highToowoomba Canary-grassPhalaris aquaticaLTG high highPaterson's CurseEchium plantagineumLH high highYorkshire FogHolcus lanatusLNG high highAfrican Box-thornLycium ferocissimumMS high highCocksfootDactylis glomerataMNG high highRed BromeBromus rubensMNG high lowSlender CentauryCentaurium tenuiflorumLH high lowWild OatAvena fatuaLNG high lowBearded OatAvena barbataMNG high lowHare's-foot CloverTrifolium arvense var. arvenseMH high lowPrickly LettuceLactuca serriolaLH high lowSilvery Hair-grassAira caryophylleaMNG high lowCommon VetchVicia sativa subsp. sativaSC high lowRed-flower MallowModiola carolinianaSH high lowNarrow-leaf CloverTrifolium angustifolium var.


Squirrel-tail FescueVulpia bromoidesMTG high low



Weediness:

LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactRat's-tail FescueVulpia myurosMNG high lowOnion GrassRomulea roseaMTG high lowFalse Hair-grassPentaschistis airoides subsp. airoidesMTG high lowCluster CloverTrifolium glomeratumSH high lowBurr MedicMedicago polymorphaSH high lowCommon Mouse-earChickweed

Cerastium glomeratum s.l.MH high low

Common Sow-thistleSonchus oleraceusLH high lowAnnual Veldt-grassEhrharta longifloraMTG high lowSubterranean CloverTrifolium subterraneumMH high lowRough Sow-thistleSonchus asper s.l.LH high lowLarge Quaking-grassBriza maximaMTG high lowHairy Bird's-foot TrefoilLotus subbiflorusMH high lowSoft BromeBromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceusMTG high lowCat's EarHypochoeris radicataMH high lowHop CloverTrifolium campestre var. campestreMH high low

www.dse.vic.gov.au






Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregionEVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland

Description:Closed to open grassland to 1.5 m tall with occasional shrubs occurring on estuarine flats often associated with current or oldbeach berms or sand sheets that are occasionally inundated by high tides. Occupies areas on marginally higher ground inlandfrom Coastal Saltmarsh.

Life Forms:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 2 5% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 15% MHSmall Herb 4 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 15% MNGTotal understorey projective foliage cover 85%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Atriplex cinerea Coast SaltbushMS Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Seaberry SaltbushSS Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heathLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselMH Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Beaded GlasswortMH Suaeda australis Austral SeabliteMH Samolus repens Creeping BrookweedSH Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Rounded Noon-flowerSH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-matSH Hemichroa pentandra Trailing HemichroaLTG Austrostipa stipoides Prickly Spear-grassLTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedgeMTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grassMTG Lachnagrostis billardierei ssp. billardierei Coast Blown-grassMNG Spinifex sericeus Hairy SpinifexMNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grassMNG Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Boneseed high highLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Conyza albida Tall Fleabane high lowMH Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMNG Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue high lowMNG Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Grass high low







www.dse.vic.gov.au

EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion

EVC 934: Brackish Grassland




Large Herb 1% LH1

Medium Herb 5% MH3






Description:Grassland or sedgeland occurring on silts in low-lying areas within brackish floodplains. Often occurs in association with BrackishWetland.

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameLH Senecio glomeratus Annual Fireweed

MH Calocephalus lacteus Milky Beauty-heads

MH Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed

MH Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Glasswort

MH Sebaea albidiflora White Sebaea

SH Selliera radicans Shiny Swamp-mat

SH Utricularia tenella Pink Bladderwort

LTG Gahnia filum Chaffy Saw-sedge

LTG Gahnia trifida Coast Saw-sedge

LTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass

MTG Austrodanthonia geniculata Kneed Wallaby-grass

MTG Poa poiformis Coast Tussock-grass

MTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge

MNG Distichlis distichophylla Australian Salt-grass





EVC 934: Brackish Grassland

www.dse.vic.gov.au




victorian volcanic plain bioregion - environment...victorian volcanic plain bioregion evc 3: damp...

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