vico phase ii__rena.docx

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TITLE:RISK ASSESSMENT OF FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSING INSTALLATION (PHASE II)

AND FREE SPAN ANALYSIS OF VICO INDONESIAEAST KALIMANTAN

DOCUMENT NO.: REV: REVISION DATE: PAGE:

00 15 Apr! "01# 1 of 137

_________________________

INTERIM REPORT

__________________________

RISK ASSESSMENT OF FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSINGINSTALLATION (PHASE II) AND FREE SPAN ANALYSIS OF

VICO INDONESIA EAST KALIMANTAN

00 15 Apr! "01# ISSUED FOR REVIEW LPPM ITS K$A%MA%DN%KS

REV. REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY CHECKED BYAPPROVED

BY


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REVISION MODIFICATION LOG

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S%&"o$

D#%'"&"o$

00 & I'r* F'+! Rp,r

TABLE OF CONTENT


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TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................3

LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................5

LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................7

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................9

1.1. BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................91.2. OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................................91.3. OBJECT AND SCOPE OF WORK ....................................................................................101.4. RISK MEASURES AND CODES......................................................................................131.5. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................14

2. REFERENCES..........................................................................................15

3. FACILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA......................................................16

3.1. PIPELINE DATA.........................................................................................................163.2. BASIS DATA............................................................................................................163.3. PIPELINE UTM COORDINATE.......................................................................................13.4. BAT!"METR" AND RIVERBED PROFILE...........................................................................19

4. HAZARD SCREENING IDENTIFICATION....................................................23

4.1. PIPELINE ROUTE.......................................................................................................234.2. !A#ARD COMPATIBILIT".............................................................................................24

5. METHODOLOGY......................................................................................25

5.1. RISK ASSESSMENT OF FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSING INSTALLATION.......................................255.2. FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS................................................................................................34

5.3. S TABILIT" AND SOIL SETTLEMENT ANAL"SIS...................................................................41

6. RIS! ASSESSMENT..................................................................................44

6.1. FRE$UENC" ANAL"SIS...............................................................................................446.2. CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS...........................................................................................36.3. RISK MATRI%...........................................................................................................&0

7. RIVER BED STABILITY ANALYSIS..............................................................."3

.1. PROJECT OVERVIEW..................................................................................................&3.2. OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................&3.3. SCOPE OF WORK .....................................................................................................&3.4. INTRODUCTOR" REMARKS..........................................................................................&4

.5. DATA SET FOR ANAL"SIS............................................................................................9&". FREE S#AN ANALYSIS..............................................................................99

&.1. GENERAL.............................................................................................................. 112&.2. ENGINEERING RE$UIREMENTS...................................................................................114&.3. CONSTRUCTION RE$UIREMENTS................................................................................114&.4. !ANDLING' !AULING' S TORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF RE$UIRED MATERIAL AND E$UIPMENT

115&.5. GROUTBAGS INSTALLATION AND AC!OR RELEASE WORK ................................................115&.6. DAIL" REPORTS......................................................................................................120&.. CLEAN(UP' RESTORATION AND DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS MATERAILS...................................120&.&. APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS.......................................................................121&.9. GROUTBAGS S TABILIT"............................................................................................121

9. #I#ELINE STABILITY ANALYSIS...............................................................123

9.1. VERTICAL S TABILIT" ANLA"SIS...................................................................................124


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9.2. LATERAL S TABILIT" ANLA"SIS....................................................................................129.3. BUCKLING ANLA"SIS................................................................................................133

1$. CONCLUSION.....................................................................................13"


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LIST OF FIG+R

"

FIGURE 3.1 RIVERBED PROFILE OF DAPUR 12) CROSSING...........................................................19FIGURE 3.2 RIVERBED PROFILE OF DAPUR 1&) CROSSING...........................................................20FIGURE 3.3 RIVERBED PROFILE OF DAPUR 20) CROSSING...........................................................20FIGURE 3.4 RIVERBED PROFILE OF DAPUR 24) CROSSING...........................................................20FIGURE 3.5 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BALOK 12) CROSSING............................................................21FIGURE 3.6 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BALOK 20) * 24) CROSSINGS................................................21FIGURE 3. RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 12) CROSSING.............................................................21FIGURE 3.& RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 24) CROSSING.............................................................21FIGURE 3.9 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 1&) CROSSING.............................................................21FIGURE 3.10 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 20) CROSSING...........................................................22

FIGURE 5.1 PIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENT MET!ODOLOG"................................................................25FIGURE 5.2 RISK MATRI% ACCORDING TO DNV(RP(F10.............................................................26FIGURE 5.3 EVENT TREE ANAL"SIS...........................................................................................2FIGURE 5.4 DROPPED ANC!OR IMPACT DIAGRAM........................................................................29FIGURE 5.5 CAD# AREA.......................................................................................................30FIGURE 5.6 S TRESSES AT A TRAWL LINE SEGMENT IN SOIL............................................................31FIGURE 5. ACTING FORCES ON VESSEL SINKING........................................................................32FIGURE 5.& OVERVIEW OF MAIN COMPONENTS IN A FREE SPAN ASSESSMENT....................................34FIGURE 5.- FLOW CHART FOR FREE SPAN DESIGN........................................................................35FIGURE 5.10 FLOW C!ART OVER DESIGN C!ECKS FOR A FREE SPAN...............................................36FIGURE 5.11 VELOCIT" FOR ONSET OF MOTION..........................................................................40FIGURE 5.12 SOIL SETTLEMENT ANAL"SIS PROCESS.....................................................................43

FIGURE 6.1 DROP ANC!OR EVENT TREE OF VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER

.................................................................................................................................. 4FIGURE 6.2 DRAGGED ANC!OR EVENT TREE OF VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER.......................................................................................................................... 56

FIGURE 6.3 S!IP SINKING EVENT TREE OF VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER.................................................................................................................................. 65

FIGURE 6.4 RISK MATRI% DUE TO DROPPED ANC!OR VESSEL GROUP C TO CROSSING 12) FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER................................................................................................................&1

FIGURE 6.5 RISK MATRI% DUE TO S!IP SINKING VESSEL GROUP C TO CROSSING 12) FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER................................................................................................................&1

FIGURE 6.6 RISK PROFILE OF ALL CROSSING FLOWLINE DUE TO DROPPED ANC!OR..........................&1FIGURE 6. RISK PROFILE OF ALL CROSSING FLOWLINE DUE TO DRAGGED ANC!OR..........................&2FIGURE 6.& RISK PROFILE OF ALL CROSSING FLOWLINE DUE TO S!IP SINKING.................................&2

FIGURE .1 SIMPLIFIED FIGURE S!OWN RIVER BED INSTABILIT" DUE TO INCREASING PORE(WATER PRESSURE.....................................................................................................................&4

FIGURE .2 DEFINITION OF RIVER FLOW AND BED INTERACTION....................................................&5FIGURE .3 SOIL BE!AVIOR CLASSIFICATION C!ART BASED ON NORMALISED CPT+ CPTU DATA

,ROBERTSON' 1990-......................................................................................................&9FIGURE .4 SOIL UNIT WEIG!T FROM CPTU RESULTS ,LARSSON AND MULABDIC' 1991-..................90FIGURE .5 EFFECT OF SAND COMPRESSIBILIT" ON $C DR RELATION...........................................92FIGURE .6 RELATIONS!IPS BETWEEN / DR ,SC!MERTMAN' 19&-..........................................92FIGURE . EVALUATION OF "OUNG/S MODULUS FROM CPT FOR SILICA SAND ,BELLOTTI ET AL' 19&9S-

.................................................................................................................................. 93FIGURE .& ! JULSTRM DIAGRAM...........................................................................................94FIGURE .9 ! JULSTRM DIAGRAM S!OWING BED LOAD TRANSPORTATION.......................................95FIGURE .10 A COMPARISON BETWEEN T!E ! JULSTRM CURVE AND T!E S!IELDS CURVE..................95

FIGURE .11 T!E MOOD" DIAGRAM DETERMINED WIT! T!E SWAMEE JAIN E$UATION........................9


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FIGURE &.1 FLOWC!ART OF CALCULATION PROCESS TO DETERMINE MA%IMUM ALLOWABLE FREE SPAN LENGT!........................................................................................................................ 99

FIGURE &.2 RISK PRIORIT" RANKING PROCESS FLOWC!ART........................................................100

FIGURE &.3 ROCK DUMPING FOR UNDER WATER PIPELINE..........................................................110FIGURE &.4 GROUT BAGS FOR UNDER WATER PIPELINE.............................................................110FIGURE &.5 E%AMPLE OF GROUTBAGS DIMENSION ,FSPS60+150-.............................................121

FIGURE 9.1 LATERAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS................................................................................12&FIGURE 9. 2 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BALOK 20) * 24) CROSSINGS.............................................132FIGURE 9. 3 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 24) CROSSING..........................................................132FIGURE 9. 4 RIVERBED PROFILE OF BULU 20) CROSSING..........................................................132FIGURE 9. 5 DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE CURRENT LOAD...............................................................134


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LIST OF TABL

TABLE 1.1 SCOPE OF T!IS STUD"............................................................................................10

" TABLE 3.1 PIPELINE DATA......................................................................................................16 TABLE 3.2 PIPELINE BASIS DATA.............................................................................................16 TABLE 3.3 UTM COORDINATE OF DAPUR FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSING............................................1 TABLE 3.4 UTM COORDINATE OF BALOK FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSING............................................1 TABLE 3.5 UTM COORDINATE OF BULU FLOWLINE RIVER CROSSING..............................................1&

TABLE 4.1 POSSIBLE !A#ARD TO T!E PIPELINE..........................................................................23 TABLE 4.2 POTENTIAL CONSE$UENCE TO T!E PIPELINE...............................................................23 TABLE 4.3 $UALITATIVE T!REAT SCREENING FOR PIPELINE...........................................................24 TABLE 4.4 !A#ARD COMPATIBILIT"..........................................................................................24

TABLE 5.1 FRE$UENC" RANKING ACCORDING TO DNV(RP(F10..................................................26 TABLE 5.2 CONSE$UENCE RANKING ACCORDING TO DNV(RP(F10..............................................26 TABLE 5.3 DRAG COEFFICIENT................................................................................................30 TABLE 5.4 FRICTION COEFFICIENT...........................................................................................31 TABLE 5.5 CONSTANTS BASED ON FOUNDATION S!APE................................................................43

TABLE 6.1 DATA FOR BASE CASE FRE$UENC"...........................................................................44 TABLE 6.2 DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOWLINES AT DAPUR RIVER........................................................45 TABLE 6.3 DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOWLINES AT BALOK RIVER........................................................45 TABLE 6.4 DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOWLINES AT BULU RIVER..........................................................45 TABLE 6.5 DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOWLINES AT TIRAM RIVER.........................................................45 TABLE 6.6 DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOWLINES AT MANIS RIVER.........................................................46 TABLE 6. FRE$UENC" OF DROPPED ANC!OR VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR

RIVER.......................................................................................................................... 46 TABLE 6.& SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER.......4& TABLE 6.9 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BALOK RIVER.......49 TABLE 6.10 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER.......50 TABLE 6.11 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER

CONT/D........................................................................................................................ 51 TABLE 6.12 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT TIRAM RIVER......52 TABLE 6.13 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER.....53 TABLE 6.14 SUMMAR" OF DROPPED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER

CONT/D........................................................................................................................ 54 TABLE 6.15 FRE$UENC" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR

RIVER.......................................................................................................................... 55 TABLE 6.16 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER....5

TABLE 6.1 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BALOK RIVER.....5& TABLE 6.1& SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER......59 TABLE 6.19 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER

CONT/D........................................................................................................................ 60 TABLE 6.20 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT TIRAM RIVER.....61 TABLE 6.21 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER.....62 TABLE 6.22 SUMMAR" OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER

CONT/D........................................................................................................................ 63 TABLE 6.23 FRE$UENC" OF S!IP SINKING VESSEL GROUP A TO CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER64 TABLE 6.24 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER............66 TABLE 6.25 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BALOK RIVER............6 TABLE 6.26 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER..............6& TABLE 6.2 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT BULU RIVER CONT/D 69

TABLE 6.2& SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT TIRAM RIVER.............0 TABLE 6.29 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER............1


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TABLE 6.30 SUMMAR" OF S!IP SINKING ANAL"SIS FOR CROSSING FLOWLINE AT MANIS RIVER CONT/D.................................................................................................................................. 2

TABLE 6.31 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DROPPED ANC!OR ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER..............................................................................................3 TABLE 6.32 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DROPPED ANC!OR ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER ( CONTINUED............................................................................4 TABLE 6.33 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER..............................................................................................5 TABLE 6.34 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DRAGGED ANC!OR ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER ( CONTINUED............................................................................6 TABLE 6.35 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF S!IP SINKING ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER.............................................................................................. TABLE 6.36 CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF S!IP SINKING ,VESSEL GROUP A- FOR CROSSING 12)

FLOWLINE AT DAPUR RIVER ( CONTINUED............................................................................& TABLE 6.3 SUMMAR" ON CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS FOR 12) FLOWLINE.........................................9 TABLE 6.3& SUMMAR" ON CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DROPPED ANC!OR.....................................9

TABLE 6.39 SUMMAR" ON CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF DRAGGED ANC!OR.....................................&0 TABLE 6.40 SUMMAR" ON CONSE$UENCE ANAL"SIS OF S!IP SINKING............................................&0

TABLE . 1 ESTIMATION OF CONSTRAINED MODULUS M' FOR CLA" ,MITC!ELL AND GARDNER' 195-. 91 TABLE . 2 ESTIMATION OF SOIL PERMEABILIT" ,K - FROM SOIL BE!AVIOR C!ART ,FIGURE .3- B"

ROBERTSON ET AL' 19&6................................................................................................91

TABLE &.1 TIRAM CROSSING GAS PIPELINE 6) DATA.................................................................101 TABLE &.2 TIRAM CROSSING GAS PIPELINE 6) OPERATIONAL DATA..............................................101 TABLE &.3 TIRAM CROSSING GAS PIPELINE 6) COATING DATA....................................................101 TABLE &.4 TIRAM RIVER GAS PIPELINE 6) FREE SPAN CONDITION...............................................102 TABLE &.5 WORKS!EET FOR 6) GAS FLOWLINE AT TIRAM RIVER..................................................102 TABLE &.6 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS TIRAM RIVER CROSSINGS.......................................106 TABLE &. SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS BALOK 12) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING.....................106 TABLE &.& SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS BULU 12) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING.......................10 TABLE &.9 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS BULU 1&) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING.......................10 TABLE &.10 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS DAPUR 12) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING..................10& TABLE &.11 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS DAPUR 1&) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING..................10& TABLE &.12 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS DAPUR 20) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING..................109 TABLE &.13 SUMMAR" OF FREE SPAN ANAL"SIS DAPUR 24) PIPELINE RIVER CROSSING..................109 TABLE &.14 GROUT BAGS SPECIFICATION...............................................................................111 TABLE &.15 COMPARISON BETWEEN ROCK DUMPING AND GROUTBAGS.........................................112 TABLE &.16 MA%IMUM ALLOWABLE CURRENT FOR GROUT BAGS SPECIFICATION..............................122

TABLE 9.1 PIPELINE AND SOIL DATA FOR ON(BOTTOM STABILIT" ANAL"SIS....................................123

TABLE 9.2 PIPELINE WEIG!T AT VARIOUS CONDITION ,OIL TRANSFER PIPELINE FOR E%AMPLE-..........124 TABLE 9.3 VERTICAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS ,A- ,OIL TRANSFER PIPELINE FOR E%AMPLE-.....................125 TABLE 9.4 VERTICAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS ,B- ,OIL TRANSFER PIPELINE FOR E%AMPLE-.....................126 TABLE 9.5 SUMMAR" FOR VERTICAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS............................................................12 TABLE 9.6 LATERAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS ,A-............................................................................129 TABLE 9. LATERAL S TABILIT" ANAL"SIS ,C-............................................................................131 TABLE 9. & SUMMAR" OF BUCKLING ANAL"SIS.........................................................................135


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1. INTROD+CTION

1.1. B/%0'o$

VICO I','/+ ,pr+/ + Pr,,' S2+r'3 C,'r+ +r+ ,4 S+'3+ & S+'3+ PSC,' 2+!4 ,4 /!4 +' + '*r ,4 p+rp+'/ ' I','/+' 6,' V'r/. I,pr+/ /7' ,! +' 3+/ pr,'3 4!/ ,'/2,r ,4 E+/ K+!*+'+'8 I','/+8!,/ , M+2+9+* D!+. T2 +r $++98 N!+*8 P+*+3+'8 S*r+28 M+r+8$r+/8 +' L*p+9. T2 ,! +' 3+/ pr, +r pr,// ' 4,r *+' pr,,'p!+'/. T2 4r/ 7!,p*' ;+/ ' $++98 ' 1-


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,'/@'/. T2/ 7+!/ +' ,*p+r ;2 +p+! r/9 rr+/ ' 2 DNV ,/.

U'r+9'3 ,'/@' +'+!// ,4 +2 2++r , r*' 2

*+3' ,4 2 r/9. A////'3 2 r/9/ ,*''3 ,2 2 ,'/@' +' 4r@'

+'+!// /'3 DNV&RP&F10< , r*' 4 2 r/9 / +p+!.4 I4 r/9/ +r ', ALARP8 2' pr,7'3 r,**'+,'/ ,' 2,; , r 2

r/9 , ALARP ,r +p+! !7!.

". T, pr4,r* r/9 +////*' ,4 4!,;!'/ + ;22 '4 +/ !9! ' 2 p,/,',4 r,//'3 2 r7r r+'/p,r+,' !+'/.

. T, pr4,r* r/9 +////*' ,4 4!,;!' + /7r+! r7r r,//'3/ +' pr,7r,**'+,' , *3+ 2 r/9 4 2 r/9 / '+p+! ,r ALARP.

#. T, +//// 2 /+! +'+!// +' /,! /!*' +'+!// ,4 2 4!,;!' ;2r/p , ,pr+,'+! ++ ,4 2 4!,;!' +' '7r,'*'+! ++ ' ;22 24!,;!' , !+.

5. T, +rr , 4r /p+' +'+!// ,4 2 4!,;!' +' , r,**' *3+,' ,r /+43+r/ , ,7r,* 2 /+,' 4 2 4r /p+' /.

. T, r,**' 2 / *2, ,4 2 4!,;!' pr,,' (4 r/9 / '+p+!)


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I' G'r+!8 2 /,p/ ,4 2/ / +r:

1 R7; +' 7r4+,' ,4 ++/ r!+ ;2 2 p!+' ,4 4!,;!' r,: r+44 ,4

/2p/ +r,// 4!,;!' r,8 +2*r8 /2p /p4+,'8 ;+2r ,',' (;'+' rr')8 4!,;!' /p4+,'8 p!+' ,4 /2pp'3 !+' +r,' 2 r,.

" H++r '4+,' 4!,;!' ,pr+,' ,'/r'3 r+448 ;+2r +' ,2r +/p.

Dr*' pr,+! ,4 4!,;!' 4+!r +' / ,'/@'/ 4,r +2 /p42++r '4.

# R7; +p+' rr+ ,4 r/9 pr,4! *+r ;2 r4r' /+'+r DNV&RP&F10


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U'r+9'3 + 4r@' +'+!// , r*' 2 !9!2,, ,4 4+!r /*+'3 2 2++r 4r@'/ ,4 ,rr' +' ,*''3 ;2 2,'/@'/. T2/ 7+!/ +' ,*p+r ;2 +p+! r/9 rr+ / '

2 DNV ,/.

# U'r+9'3 ,'/@' +'+!// ,4 +2 2++r , r*' 2 *+3' ,4 2 r/9. A////'3 2 r/9/ ,*''3 ,2 2 ,'/@' +' 4r@'+'+!// /'3 DNV&RP&F10< , r*' 4 2 r/9 / +p+!.

5 I4 r/9/ +r ', A/ L,; A/ R+/,'+! Pr++! (ALARP)8 2' pr,7'3r,**'+,'/ ,' 2,; , r 2 r/9 , ALARP ,r +p+! !7!.

PHASE28 Df"$ /$ "$&"f= /$= 9"&"/&"o$ /%&"o$ fo' /%< f"$ '"#0"$%:"$ %o$#"'/&"o$ &o & ":"$ 'o&%&"o$ "f '>"' /$ "!'%o99$/&"o$ of %o$&'o: 9/#'# &


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PHASE8 E!/:/&"o$ of "9:9$& f' #/$ '%&"f"%/&"o$ 'o'/9 /$$';/&' ":"$ 'o&%&"o$ 'o'/9

P


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b !alam hal kedalaman dasar laut 13 (tiga belas) meter atau lebih maka pipa dapat diletakkan di dasar laut, serta dilengkapi dengan sistem pemberat agar pipa tidak tergeser atau berpindah.

c "etelah diselesaikannya penggelaran pipa, pada daerah keberadaan pipaharus dilengkapi dengan "arana #antu $a%igasi Pelayaran ("#$P) sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

T2/ / ;!! *+/r 2 r/9 /'3 r+, ;' ''3 pr +*r ,4 2 pp!'(δ%D).

T2/ / ;!! r4r , /7r+! ,/ +' /+'+r/ +/ !,;:• DNV&RP&F10< (R/9 A////*' ,4 Pp!' Pr,,')• API 5=1 (R/9 $+/ I'/p,')• DNV&RPF101 (C,rr, Pp!'/)

• DNV&RPF111 (I'r4r' $;' Tr+;! G+r A' Pp!'/)• DNV&RPE0" (D/3' +' I'/+!!+,' ,4 Dr+3' P!+ A'2,r/ ' C!+ )• DNV&OS&F101 (S*+r' Pp!' D/3' +' C,'/r,')• ASME $1.= (G+/ Tr+'/*//,' +' D/r,' Pp'3 S/*/)• SNI 1&#


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2. REFERENCES

T2/ / ;!! r4r , /7r+! ,/ +' /+'+r/ +/ !,;:

1. Dr ,4 M'/r ,4 Tr+'/p,r+,' N,.=%"0118 >A!r P!++r+' L+?.". Dr ,4 2 M'/r ,4 M'/ +' E'r3 N,.00.K%=%M.PE%1--Pp!' S/+ Rp+r?8 O,r "00I'r4r' ;' Tr+;! G+r +' Pp!'/8 Sp*r 1--


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3. FACILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

T2 4+! +' '7r,'*'+! ++ ,4 2 r/9 +////*' 4,r 4!,;!' r7r r,//'3

'/+!!+,' +' 4r /p+' +'+!// ,4 VICO I','/+ & E+/ K+!*+'+' +r ,*p!4r,* /7r+! /,r/ +/ /r !,;.

.1. P":"$ D/&/

T+! .1 Pp!' D++

N, D/rp,' R*+r9/1 D/3' L4 & +r/" Pp D+*r ('2) ?8 1"?8 1=?8 "0?8 "#?

M+r+! Gr+ API 5L GR 58 #"8 5"

# SMYS (p/) 50008 #"0008 5"0005 SMTS (p/) Pp Tp ERW< L'32 ,4 /'3! pp (*)= E' ,4 Pp $7!- Pp L'32 (*)10 C,rr,/,' C,+'3 Tp F/,' $,' Ep, C,+'311 C,'r W32 C,+'3 ','1" R'4,r*' ','1 C+2, Pr,,'1# P33'3 ','15 M+. W+r Dp2 (*)

1 N+r+! $''3 r+/

.". B/#"# D/&/

T+! ." Pp!' $+// D++

No ITEM PIPELINE

1. Pr, G+/ L4". D'/ (93%*) + "0 3 10-.1="

. P'*+ V/,/ + "0 3 ST 0.1#="

#. V+p,r Pr//r (' *r ,4 pr,)


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.. P":"$ +TM Coo'"$/&

T+! . UTM C,,r'+ ,4 D+pr F!,;!' R7r Cr,//'3

P,' ID

UTM COORDINATE (HONE 50 S)

E+/'3 N,r2'3 E!7+,' MSL

*r *r *r

T+! .# UTM C,,r'+ ,4 $+!,9 F!,;!' R7r Cr,//'3

P,' ID

UTM COORDINATE (ONE 50 S)

E+/'3 N,r2'3E!7+,'(MSL)

*r *r *r

INSERT DATA HERE

INSERT DATA HERE


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T+! .5 UTM C,,r'+ ,4 $! F!,;!' R7r Cr,//'3

P,' IDUTM COORDINATE (ONE 50 S)

E+/'3 N,r2'3 E!7+,'MSL

*r *r *r

T+! .# UTM C,,r'+ ,4 Tr+* F!,;!' R7r Cr,//'3

P,' ID


E+/'3 N,r2'3 E!7+,'MSL

*r *r *r

INSERT DATA HERE

INSERT DATA HERE


20/137




00 15 Apr! "01# 26 of 137

T+! .# UTM C,,r'+ ,4 M+'/ F!,;!' R7r Cr,//'3

P,' ID


E+/'3 N,r2'3 E!7+,'MSL

*r *r *r

.#. B/&


21/137




00 15 Apr! "01# 21 of 137

F3r ." R7r Pr,4! ,4 D+pr 1=? Cr,//'3

F3r . R7r Pr,4! ,4 D+pr "0? Cr,//'3

F3r .# R7r Pr,4! ,4 D+pr "#? Cr,//'3


22/137




00 15 Apr! "01# 22 of 137

F3r .5 R7r Pr,4! ,4 $+!,9 1"? Cr,//'3

F3r . R7r Pr,4! ,4 $+!,9 "0? "#? Cr,//'3/

F3r .< R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! 1"? Cr,//'3

F3r .= R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! "#? Cr,//'3

F3r .- R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! 1=? Cr,//'3


23/137




00 15 Apr! "01# 23 of 137

F3r .10 R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! "0? Cr,//'3


24/137

. HA@ARD SCREENING IDENTIFICATION

#.1. P":"$ Ro&

$+/ ,' /3' '4,r*+,'8 I','/+ N++! C2+r (P+ L+ I','/+)8pr7,/ pr,B/ rp,r +' '4,r*+,' 4r,* /,* /,r/8 2 2++r '4+,'(HAID) '4 2 2r+ 2+ ,! +44 2 '3r ,4 2 pp!' +/ /2,;' 'T+! #.1.

T+! #.1 P,//! H++r , 2 Pp!'

NO. THREAT

1 T


25/137

T+! #. +!+7 T2r+ Sr''3 4,r Pp!'

NO THREAT ANALYSISTHREAT

CARRIEDFORWARD

1 T


26/137

*. METHODOLOGY

5.1. R"#0 A####9$& of F:o;:"$ R"!' C'o##"$ I$#&/::/&"o$

T2 3'r+! pr,// ,4 2 4!,;!' r/9 +////*' / /2,;' !,;.

F3r 5.1 Pp!' R/9 A////*' M2,,!,3

T2 r/9 r+'3 / r*' ,*''3 2 pr,+! ,4 2 7' +' 2,'/@' ,4 2 7'. DNV&RP&F10R/9 A////*' ,4 Pp!' Pr,,'? /+,p +/ +' +////*' pr,,,! , r*' 2 r/9 r+'3 ,4 r/9 7'/ 4,r r,pp

+'2,r%,B8 r+33 +'2,r8 +' /2p /'9'3. T2/ pr,,,! // + 5 5 r/9 *+r ,r*' + r/9 r+'3 +/ / /2,;' ' F3r 5.". T+! 5.1 +' T+! 5." /2,; 2+''+! 4r@' rr+ +' ,'/@' rr+ +,p 4r,* DNV&RP&F10


27/137

CONSE+ENCE RANKING

1 2 3 ) *

VERY LOW LOW MODERATE HIGH MAOR

F R E +

E N C Y

R A N K I N G

*

F R E + E N T

)

P R O B

A B L E

3

O C C A S I O N

2

R E M O T E

1

I M P R O B A B

F3r 5." R/9 M+r A,r'3 , DNV&RP&F10<

T+! 5.1 Fr@' R+'9'3 A,r'3 , DNV&RP&F10<

R+'9'3 D/rp,' A''+! Fr@'

1 S, !,; 4r@' 2+ 7' ,'/r '3!3! 10&5

" E7' r+r! p , ,r 10 10&5

E7' '7+!! ', p , 2+pp'8 ;2'/**+r ,7r + !+r3 '*r ,4 pp!'/ 2+72 r! , 2+pp' ,' + +r

10& 10

#E7' '7+!! *+ p , ,r r'32 !4* ,4 2 pp!' (Tp+!! + 100 r /,r*)

10&" 10&

5 E7' '7+!! *+ p , ,r *,r2+' ,' r'3 !4*

10&"

T+! 5." C,'/@' R+'9'3 A,r'3 , DNV&RP&F10<

R/$0"$D$&D"/

9&' ()

I9/%&

E$'=D/9/ #%'"&"o$

Co$"&"o$/: P'o4/4":"&=

D1 D2 D3 R6 R1 R2

1 5 EE M',r +*+3 1 0 0 1 0 0

" 5 & 10 EEM+B,r +*+3

0.1 0.= 0.1 0.- 0.1 0L+9+3 +'p+

10 & 15 EE

M+B,r +*+3

0 0.


28/137

F3r 5. E7' Tr A'+!//

$!,; / /,* +//*p,'/ +9' 4,r 4r@' +'+!// 4,r +!! p,'+! 2++r/'4 ' 2/ /.

F'>$%= D'o /$%$%= of '/ /$%


29/137

• =0Q pr,+! ,4 +'2,r r+33 +4r / r,pp 7//!/ ;22 /,'/r7+7. S,* // +//* 50Q ,4 r,pp +'2,r/ ;!! r/! 'r+33 +'2,r/.

• T2 Cr+! A'2,r Dr+3 ,' (CADR) "< +'2,r 4!9 !'32.• Pr,+! 7//!/ '/ CAD: CAD% ;2 ;2' 4!,;!' +r+ ;2r 7//!/

+r ,'/r+! /r.

F'>$%= of #


30/137

T2 ' /8 pr// +/ + pr'+3 ,4 ,7r+!! 2 pp!' +*r8 / +' '+,'+/ , 2 !9!2,, ,4 + !+9 ,r rpr. T2 r!+,'/2p / pr// *+2*++!! +/4,!!,;/:

2

3

2

1

2

1

9

216

××

××

×=

D D

t

Dm E p

δ π

W2r: & : +/,r 'r3! : pp!' ODm p : p!+/ *,*' +p+ (0."5 SMYS ")δ : pp!' 4,r*+,' (' p2)t : pp!' ;+!! 29'//

T2 *p+ +p+ ,4 ,'r ,+'3 / +!!+ +,r'3 ,:

E=Y ∙ b ∙ h∙ x0

W2r: ' : r/2'3 /r'32 ,4 ,'r: #" 1" MP+b h : +r+ ,4 *p+'3 ,B: 0." * 0." *: 0.0# *" p,' !,+ o : *p+'3 p28 .. ,'r ,+'3 29'// (**)

T, +!!+ 2 'r3 *p+ ,4 2 +'2,r , 2 pp!'8 2/ !,; @+,' +' +pp!:

2

2

1)( T Dwater water v AC xg Vxm ×××=− ρ ρ

;2r:m : +'2,r ;328 (93)g : 3r+78 (-.=1 *%/") : +'2,r 7,!*8 (*) ρ water : /+;+r '/8 (10"5 93%*)* ! : +'2,r r+3 ,44'

+ : +'2,r pr,B +r+8 (*")% : +'2,r r,p 7!,8 (*%/)

A,r'3 , T+! 11 DNV&RP&F10


31/137

T2 9' 'r3 ,4 r,pp ,B + r*'+! 7!, / pr// 2 4,!!,;'34,r*!+:

2

2

1

T vm ET ×=

;2r8 m : *+// ,4 2 ,B (93) : r*'+! 7!,

Fr,* 2 +,7 4,r*!+,'8 ; 2' +' 3 2+:

−×

××= V

m

AC

g m ET

water D ρ

Cr+! +'2,r +*+3 ,' (CAD) / + r+! ,' ,4 2 pp!' ;2' +' +2,r r,p,' . T2/ ,' / r*' 2 ; ;2 ,4 2 +'2,r +' 2 pp!' +*r8+/ /2,;' !,;.

F3r 5.5 CAD Ar+

Fr,* 2 43r +,78 / !+r! /' 2+ 2 CAD / "# !. W2r # / +'2,r ;2 +' ! / 2 pp!' +*r ('!'3 2 ,'r ,+'3 29'//). T2 CAD/ + 7r *p,r+' r*',!,3 ;2' ; +!!+ 2 !9!2,, ,4 + pp!' /2r+' +' +'2,r r,pp 4r,* + 7//! (/+!! ' *r3' /+,' 2+ 4,r+ /2p , r,p +'2,r).

D'/ /$%


32/137

L/ : 2 !'32 ,4 !' '/,'W!X : ;32 ,4 r+;! pr ' !'32 : 4r,' ,44'8 ;22 7+! / /2,;' ' T+! .#.

T+! 5.# Fr,' C,44'

Wr L,;r D4+! Uppr ,'

W 0.1 0." 0.

C2+ L,;r D4+! Uppr ,'

W 0. 0.< 0.=

S


33/137

() P'r+,' Dp2

F3r 5.< A'3 F,r/ ,' V//! S'9'3

T, r*' ;22r 2 !,+ *p,/ + /'9'3 7//! / +p+! , 2 pp8 /'//+r , /+!/2 2 /+ +p+ ,4 2 pp!' /B , + p,' !,+ + 1",X!,9 4,r +' p,/ pp!' +' !' !,+ 4,r + r pp!'.

C,'/r'3 2 pp /,' +/ + ;, *'/,'+! r'38 2' 2 *+** ''3*,*' +/:

M!,+ (P R)%π

W2r R / r+/ ,4 pp +' P / 2 pr//r !,+.

C,'/r'3 2 *+** +p+ ,4 2 pp , 37' +/ + 4!! p!+/ ;+!! (../ p!+/ *,*' +p+)8 ,' 3/:

M +p+ 0."5 SMYS "

T'/;:"$ /%&"!"&=

T2 ,'/@' +'+!// / pr4,r* , /*+ 2 44/ ,4 2 2r p,'+!p2+// ,4 r+;! ,+r 'r+,' ;2 + pp!'. T2 *2,,!,3 / +/ ,'r,**'+,'/ pr/' ' DNV G!':

1. I*p+". P!!&,7r . H,,9'3

T'/;: Bo/' "9/%&. I*p+ !,+/ 4r,* r+;! ,+r/ ,r r+;! +*/ +r +//,+ ;22 r+'/4r ,4 'r3 4r,* 2 r+;! 3+r ', 2 pp +' / ,+'3. G7' 2+ 2r /!* '4,r*+,' +7+!+! r3+r'3 2 p ,4 r+;! 3+r / ' 2 pr,B +r+8 2+'+!// 2+/ ' pr4,r* +/ ,' p+r+*r/ 4,r p+! r+;! ,+r /

,**,'!. I / +//* 2+ 2/ pr,7/ + ,'/r7+7 /*+ ,4 2 44/ ,4 r+;!,+r *p+.

T'/;: Bo/' P::O!' . P!!&,7r +'+!// +!/ ;2 2 3!,+! r/p,'/ ,4 2 pp!'+/ 2 r+;! 3+r / 4,r , r,// ,7r 2 pp!'. Dr'3 2/ p2+/8 / ',',**,' 4,r 2 pp!' , /B , !+r3 r+'/7r/ !,+'3. T2 +'+!// 2+/' pr4,r* /*+'3 2 2,r,'+! +' 7r+! p!!&,7r 4,r/ /'3 2*2,,!,3 pr/' ' DNV G!' 1.

T'/;: Bo/' Hoo0"$. Tr+;! 3+r r,//'3 + pp!' *+ 3 /9 'r'+2 2pp!'. Fr /p+'/ rpr/' +' 'r+/ r/9 4,r 2,,9'38 2,;7r 7' ;2 pp!'/r/'3 ,' /+8 2,,9'3 +'', 3',r. T;, 2,,9'3 /'+r,/ +' ,r:

1. P+r p'r+,'". W3


34/137

P+r p'r+,' +' ,r 4,r +!! /p+' 232/. Fr'3 ,4 2 r+;! ,+r *+ !+ ,2 pp!' '3 !4 + 232 3,7r' 2 3,*r +' 2 4r,' ;' 2r+;! ,+r +' 2 pp.

W3 r+;! ,+r ,r/ 4,r 4r /p+'/ +,7 + r+! 232. Fr'3 ,4 2 r+;!,+r !+/ , 2 pp!' '3 !4 + 232 3,7r' 2 p,/,' ,4 2 ;+rp !'p,'. T2 r+! /p+' 232 4,r r+;! ,+r / +/ 4,!!,;/.

Hr 0.< $

;2r $ / 2+!4 232 ,4 2 r+;! ,+r. I4 2 *+** /p+' 232 / !,; 2 r+!/p+' 2328 2 pp!' / +'+! 4,r + /+ !4'3 232 H18 ;2r:

H1 0.< $ 0. D

;2r D / pp!' OD. I4 2 pp!' /p+' 232 / 2 r+! /p+' 2328 2pp!' / +'+! 4,r + /+ !4'3 232 ,4 H18 ;2r:

H1 $

T2 *+** ;+rp !' p!! / +/ ,' + /'3! ;+rp ;2 + p+! +p+ ,4 #00 9N.G7' 2 /*!+r 232 *'/,' 4,r r+;! ,+r/ pr/' ' DNV G!' 1.P,!7+!' ,+r p+r+*r/ 2+7 ' / 4,r 2 2,,9'3 +'+!//8 ;2r:$ ".= %" 1.#*

5.". F' S/$ A$/:=#"#

T2 *+' +/p/ ,4 + 4r /p+' +////*' ,32r ;2 9 p+r+*r/ +' *+'r/!/ +r !!/r+ ' 2 43r !,;.

F,r +!! *p,r+r +' pr*+'' 4r /p+'/ + 4r /p+' +////*' +r//'3 2

'3r ;2 r/p , 4+3 (FLS) +' !,+! 9!'3 (ULS) /2+!! pr4,r*.Vr+,'/ , 7,r /2'3 +' r ;+7 !,+/ +r +p+! pr,7 24+3 +' ULS rr+ /p4 2r' +r 4!4!!. I' +/ /7r+! p,'+! 7r+,'*,/ +' ,* +7 + + 37' 4!,; 7!,8 +!! 2/ *,/ /2+!! ,'/r.U'!// ,2r;/ ,*' 2 +*+3 ,'r,' 4,r 7r *, /2,! r!+ ,2 /+* r+! (;!) !,+,'.

F3r 5.- /2,;/ p+r ,4 + 4!,; 2+r 4,r + p+! pp!' /3'. A4r '3 ,'+*r8 *+r+!8 ;+!! 29'//8 r'2'3 ,r ', +' ,+'3 4,r ;32 +' '/!+,'8+' 3!,+! 9!'3 /3' +' r!+/ ,4 447 ++! 4,r '/ , +r//4,r 2 4r /p+'/ +r , +////. I */ *p2+/ 2+ 2 4r /p+'+////*' */ +/ ,' + r+!/ /*+ ,4 2 447 ++! 4,r8 +' +'2+'3/ , /+33'3 ' /p+'/8 !+r+! 9!'38 ' p+'/,'8 2+'3/ ' ,pr+,'+!,','/8 . */ pr,pr! +,' 4,r. T2 /@' ' F3r 5.- / ',4,!!,; ' +!! pr,B/. N,r*+!! +' '+! r,'3 ;!! pr4,r* 4,r +!pp!' /3' / /+r. A/ /2 + p+! /3' pr,// ;!! , 4,!!,; 2/ 4!,; 2+r' r+,'/ '! + 4'+!8 +p+! /3' / 4,'.

M/"$Co9o$$

E$!"'o$9$&/:D#%'"&"o$8

%< 3

S&'%&'/: R#o$#8%< , 7

R#o$# Mo:Fo'% Mo:8

%< *

A%%&/$%C'"&'"/8 %< 2

K=P/'/9&'#

Pr,B ++ Pp ++ VR S+4 !+//

Crr' /+// S+ KC S+4 4+,r/

Crr' pr,4! Pp pr,4! SN r7W+7 /+/ S,! ++ D*p'3W+7 /pr* L+ '/,' Fr /p+' p+r+*r/


35/137

Dr,'+! Opr+,'+! ,','/

Tr!'

D#"$C'"&'"/

M/"$ R#

SCREENING

W+7 rr'rr' pr,

7+!7N+r+! 4r@'

OK%', OK (/p+'!'32)

FATIG+E

W+7 rr'

!,'3 r*/rp,'

N+r+! 4r@'

/r// +*p!

Sr// r+'3/ ', ,4

!/

OK%', OK

(4+3 !4)

+LS

W+7 rr'rr' pr,

7+!7

N+r+! 4r@'8Sr// r+'3/8 S+

''3Er* /r// OK%', OK (!,+!

9!'3)

F3r 5.= O7r7; ,4 M+' C,*p,''/ ' + Fr Sp+' A////*'

A/ /p+' !'32%232 +' 447 ++! 4,r *+ 2+'3 /3'4+'! 4,r 44r',pr+,'+! ,','/8 ,' p+r!+r 2+!!'38 /p+!! 4,r 4!,; !'/8 ,*/ , 2 *,/ r+!%3,7r''3 /p+' /'+r,/. T2/ ;!! +!/, p' ,' +' 3!,+!9!'3 ,r ,2r r!+/ ,4 447 ++! 4,r ' p+'/,' ,r /+33'3 ', /p+'/8.

T2 4,!!,;'3 4','+! r@r*'/ +pp! 4,r 2 4r /p+' +'+!//.• T2 +* ,4 4+3 /3' / , '/r +' +@+ /+4 +3+'/ 4+3 4+!r

;2' 2 /3' !4 ,4 2 pp!'.• T2 4+3 +'+!// /2,! ,7r + pr, ;22 / rpr/'+7 4,r 2 4r /p+'

p,/r pr,.• A!! /r// 4!+,'/ *p,/ r'3 2 'r /3' !4 ,4 2 pp!' +p+! ,4

+/'3 4+3 +*+3 /2+!! +,' 4,r.• T2 !,+! 4+3 /3' 29/ +r , pr4,r* + +!! 4r /p+'''3 pp

/,'/ +,''3 4,r +*+3 ,'r,'/ 4r,* +!! p,'+! 7r+,' *,/r!+ , 2 ,'/r /p+'/.


36/137

F3r 5.- F!,; C2+r 4,r Fr Sp+' D/3'


37/137

F3r 5.10 F!,; C2+r ,7r D/3' C29/ 4,r + Fr Sp+'

S&/&"% A::o;/4: S/$T2 *+** /p+' !'32 +/ ,' /+ /r// ,'/r+,'/8 / 3,7r' ppX//!4&;328 pr//r8 *pr+r +' '7r,'*'+! !,+'3/. T2 r!+7 *p,r+'

,4 +2 ,4 2 +,7 */ p'/ ,' 2r *+3' +' 2 ,r'+,' ,4 2pp!'. T2 +!!,;+! /+ /p+' !'32 4,r + pp!' / +!!+ !*'3 2@7+!' /r// ' 2 /p+' , (B+ ;2r (B+ / 2 +!!,;+! ''3 /r// +/ ,'2 V,' M// @+,' ',rp,r+'3 2 ++! /r//.

Sp+'''3 +'+!// / +rr , +//*'3 + XX4&p''XX ,'+r ,','. T2+'+!// / pr4,r* 4,r '/+!!+,'8 2r,/ +' ,pr+,' ,','/. T2 4,!!,;'3@+,'/ +r / ' 2 +!!+,'/ ,4 2 *+** +!!,;+! /+ /p+'.

V,' M// E@7+!' Sr//:

σ e=√ σ H 2 +σ L

2+σ H σ L

;2r:σ E@7+!' /r// (MP+)σH H,,p /r// (MP+)σL L,'3'+! /r// (MP+)T2 ,r/,'+! /2+r /r// / +//* 3',r ' 2/ @+,'.

Lo$"&"$/: S&'##Fr,* 2 *+** ''3 /r// , 2,r,'+! +' 7r+! 4,r/82 *+**+!!,;+! !,'3'+! /r// / +!!+. T2 *+** +!!,;+! !,'3'+! /r//

!*/ / 37' :σ L=σ L ± σ b;2r:


38/137

σ A A+! /r// (P+)σ $''3 /r// (P+)

A"/: S&'##

Dp''3 ,' 2 ' ,','8 2 ++! /r// (σ A) / ,*p +/ 4,!!,;/.F,r ++!! r/r+' pp!'8

σ AR=v σ H − E α ∆ T + N i

AF,r ,' ' r/r+' pp!'8

σ AP=π

4

Pi Di2

A −

f W vert X

A;2r:σ AR A+! /r// 4!! r/r+' (P+)σP A+! /r// p+r+!! r/r+' (P+) ν P,//,'X/ r+, (&)α L'+r p+'/,' ,44' 4,r /! pp!' (1%OC)E M,!/ ,4 !+/ (N%*")ZT D44. ;' *+** ,pr+'3 '/+!!+,' *pr+r (OC)

A Cr,//&/,'+! +r+ ,4 /! pp (*")N R/+! ++! '/,' (N)P D/3' pr//r (P+)D I'r'+! +*r ,4 pp!' (*) L'32 ,4 pp!' 4r,* 2,%,! ' (*)4 L,'3'+! 4r,'+! 4+,r (&)

B$"$ S&'##

$''3 /r// (σ) , /p+' ''3 +' 2,r,'+! r7 / pr// +/ 4,!!,;/.

σ b=√ σ bs2 +σ bc

2

$''3Sr// F!! R/r+' P+r+!! R/r+'

σ bs W . L

k .

tank . L [ tan( k . L2 )−( k . L2 )]tank . L−k . L

.D

2 !

W L2

10 .

D

2 !

σ bc W . L

k .

tan k . L [ tan( k . L2 )−( k . L2 )]tank . L−k . L

.D

2 !

W L2

10 .

D

2 ! +

E . D

2 R

;2r:

[/ $''3 /r// , 7r+! 4,r (N%*"

)[ $''3 /r// , 2,r,'+! 4,r +' r7+r (N%*")W U'4,r*! /r !,+ pr ' !'32 (N%*)

W7r ,r W2,rW7r T,+! 7r+! 4,r (N%*)

W/ F/W2,r T,+! 2,r,'+! 4,r (N%*)

FD FI F/L M+** /+ /p+' !'32 (*)OD Pp ,r +*r (*)I S,' *,*' ,4 +r+ (*#)R R+/ ,4 r7+r (*)

FD Dr+3 4,r (N%*)FI I'r+ 4,r (N%*)F/ S/* 4,r (N%*)


39/137

W/ S*r3 pp ;32 (N%*)9 D4!,' ,44' (1%*)

√ N e E . !

N E447 ++! ,*pr//7 4,r (N)

(1−2v ) Pi . π . Di

2

4+α . ∆ T . A . E− N i

E:' B/' B%0:"$ S/$T2 E!r +r 9!'3 ,4 2 pp!' /2+!! +//// ' +,r+' ;2 +pp' $ ,4 DNV&1-=1. T2 447 ++! 4,r ;2 r/p , +r 9!'3 / 37' :

"= N +π

4 ( D−2t )2 Pi−

π

4 D

2 Pe

;2r:S E447 ++! 4,r (N)N A+! 4,r (N)P I'r'+! pr//r (MP+)P Er'+! pr//r (MP+)D S! Pp ,r +*r (**) S! W+!! 29'// (**)

N =(v σ H − E α . ∆ T ) As;2r:

7 P,//,'/ r+, (&)[H H,,p Sr// (MP+) C,44' ,4 2r*+! p+'/,' (1%,C)ZT TD & TATD D/3' *pr+r (1%,C)TA A*' *pr+r (1%,C)E Y,'3/ M,!/ (MP+)

A/ S! r,// /,'+! +r+ (**")

T2 r+! /p+' !'328 L8 / +!!+ +/ :

L=√ # π

2 E!

";2r:' E' 4 ,'/+' 4,r +r 9!'3

D=$/9"% A::o;/4: S/$D , 2 4!,; ,4 ;+r p+/ + 4r /p+' ' /+ 4!,; p+r'/ 7r+,'/ *+ ,r '2 pp!' , 7,r /2'3.

N,r*+!! ;, p/ ,4 ,/!!+,'/ +r ','rO/!!+,'/ ' !' ;2 2 7!, 7,r ('&!').O/!!+,'/ prp'!+r , 2 7!, 7,r (r,// 4!,;)

F,r r+' 4!,; 7!,/ 2 7,r /2'3 4r@' *+ ,' ;2 ,r +*!p! ,4 2 2+r*,' ,r / 2+r*,' +,'/. T2 /p+' !'32 ;!! /!/2 2+ 2 2+r*,' 4r@' ,r '+r+! 4r@' ,4 2 /p+' ;!! !// 2+' 27,r /2'3 4r@' 2r 4,r '&!' ,r r,// 4!,; ,/!!+,'/.

,r '&!' ,/!!+,'/ + !// ,'/r7+7 *p'3 p+r+*r/ ;r / .. \ 0.1"+' + +!!+ 7+! ,4 r 7!,8 V8.

T2 pp!' / /3' /2 2+ ', ,/!!+,' / +!!,; +' , 2+ 448 2*+** +!!,;+! /p+' 4,r 2 VIV rr+ /2+!! !// 2+' 2 ,'/ ,4 '&!'


40/137

,/!!+,' r@r*'/. A/ '&!' ,/!!+,'/ +r ', +!!,;8 + 4+3 +'+!// ;!! ', [email protected] 3,7r''3 @+,'/ +r +/ 4,!!,;/:

1 Eff%&"! 9/## $ E= $ A+% $ &

;2r:ME E447 M+// ,4 pp pr ' !'32 (93%*)

MA T,+! *+// ,4 ,+ pp '!'3 ,'' pr ' !'32 (93%*)$ $,+' ,4 pp pr ' !'32 (93%*)CM A *+// ,44' +/ pr App' + ,4 DNV&1-=1

2 S&/4":"&= P/'/9&'

' s=2 $ E (

) * D2

;2r:KS S+! '*r (&)]; M+// '/ ,4 /+;+r (93%*)

OD O/ +*r ,4 ,+ pp (*)\ L,3+r2* r*' 0.1"

3 A::o;/4: R% V:o%"&=T2 r 7!, +' r*' 4r,* DNV&1-=1 App' A ;22 ,*pr// ,4 '&!' +' r,//&4!,; ,/!!+,' p2',*','. F,r '&!' *,,'8 2r // ;, r3,',4 '/+!. O' ,4 ;22 / +!! 2 4r/ '&!' ,/!!+,' *,,' (4r/ '/+!r3,') ' 7,r/ /2 /**r+!! 4r,* 2 pp !'r. T2 /,' /+!! 2 /,' '&!' ,/!!+,' *,,' (/,' '/+! r3,') +' / ' 7,r/ /2 +!r'+! 4r,* 2 pp !'r. T2 '//+r 7!, 4,r ,'/ ,4 *,,' *+ r*' F3r !,;.

F3r 5.11 V!, 4,r O'/ ,4 M,,'

R% V:o%"&=T2 r 7!,/ 4,r ,'/ ,4 '&!' +' r,//&4!,; 7r+,'/ +r 2' 37' 2@+,' !,;:

+ R= + c*

f # D

;2r:


41/137

VA R V!, (&)4' N+r+! 4r@' ,4 pp (1%/)V; VD 4,r '&!' +' r,// 4!,; *,,' (*%/)

U/ W+7 ' 7!, /'3 /3'4+' ;+7 (*%/)

* N/&'/: F'>$%= of #/$

1− N e L

2

b π 2. E!

E . !

$ e L4¿

f #= ,

2π √ ¿

;2r:+ Fr@' 4+,r E!r ,'/+'L D'+* /p+' !'32 (*)

V+!/ 4,r 2 4r@' 4+,r +' E!r ,'/+' +r 15.#0 +' ".05 r/p7! 4,r 4&p'' ,','. F,r + r+!/ /*+,' ,4 2 /p+'8 p''&4 ' r/r+',',' / ,'/r. M+** +!!,;+! '+* /p+' 4,r '&!' 4!,; / +/ ,'/+ rr'8 ;2! r,// 4!,; ,'/r/ ,2 /+ rr' +' ;+7 ' 7!, , *+** ;+7.

A####9$& C'"&'"/ A##9&"o$#T2 +!!,;+! 4r /p+' /2+!! +9' +/ 2 *,/ r+! ,4 2 4,!!,;'3 rr+:• T2 /p+' !'32 4,r ;22 2 @7+!' /r// ' 2 pp ;+!! r+2/ 2 !*/ +/

4' DNV R!/ 4,r S*+r' Pp!' S/*/ (1-=1)• T2 /p+' !'32 ;22 *+ +/ '+p+! +r 9!'3 ,4 ++!! r/r+'

/,'/ ,4 2 pp!'.

• T2 /p+' !'32 ;22 +// 2 ,'/ ,4 7,r ' 7r+,' (VIV) ,4 2pp!'

T2 +//*p,'/ *+ 4,r ' 2 +'+!// +r +/ 4,!!,;/:• T2 ,'' *pr+r 4,r '/+!!+,' +' 2r, / ,',' / +/ ,'

*+** /+;+r *pr+r + /+ +' /r4+ r/p7!.• A F&P'' ,'+r ,',' ;!! ! , r*' 2 /+ 4r /p+'

+' +//// 2 '+r+! 4r@' ,4 2 pp VIV /p+'.• E@7+!' ,'r '/ +/ pr ++ pr,7 VICO I','/+8 ,2r;/

4r2r ,'4r*+,' ;!! *+.• A7r+3 pr, '/ / / 4,r ,pr+'3 ,','.

• N, *+r' 3r,;2 / ,'/r ,' 2 pp!'.• N, r/+! !+ '/,' / ,'/r 4,r + ,'/r7+7 +'+!//.• 1.5** ,rr,/,' +!!,;+' / ,'/r 4,r ,pr+,' +/ +/ '/r • E'7r,'*'+! 4,r/ +'3 ,' 2 pp!' / +9' +/ 2 *+** ;+7 +'

rr' +'3 prp'!+r , 2 pp!' r'3 /+ /p+' +!!+,'. F,r '+* /p+' +!!+,'8 2 2r,'+* !,+'3/ ,'/r +r +/ ,'/3'4+' ;+7 +' pr,.

5.. S&/4":"&= /$ So": S&&:9$& A$/:=#"#

C,'/,!+,' / + pr,// ;22 /,!/ r+/ ' 7,!*. A,r'3 , K+r! Tr+32

,'/,!+,' / +' pr,// ;22 '7,!7/ r+/ ' ;+r ,'' ,4 + /+r+ /,!;2, rp!+*' ,4 ;+r +r. I' 3'r+! / 2 pr,// ' ;22 r,' '7,!* +9/ p!+ p!/,' ,4 ;+r 'r !,'3 r* /+ !,+/. I ,r/


42/137

;2' /r// / +pp! , + /,! 2+ +// 2 /,! p+r!/ , p+9 ,32r *,r 32!82r4,r r'3 / !9 7,!*. W2' 2/ ,r/ ' + /,! 2+ / /+r+ ;2 ;+r8;+r ;!! /@ , ,4 2 /,!. T2 *+3' ,4 ,'/,!+,' +' pr *+' 44r' *2,/. I' 2 C!+//+! M2,8 7!,p Tr+328 /,!/ +r/ ;2 +' ,,*r / , r*' 2r ,*pr//,' '. T2/ +' / ,pr 2 +*,' ,4 ,'/,!+,'. I' 2 pr,//8 2r +r 2r ,',' ,4 pp!'8/2 +/ I'/+!!+,' ,','8 2r,/ ,',' +' ,pr+'3 ,','. I'/+!!+,',',' ++ ;!! / 4,r '/+!!+,' r/9 +////*'. R/9 +////*' ;!! ,'

;2 rr+ 37' /+'+r (DNV&OS&F101) ;2r / 2 !+r+' ;' ;,r,//'3 pp /2,! 9p /p+r+ + 0. *.

$!,; +r 2 @+,' 37' Tr+32 , r*' !*+ +r'3 /r//:

L,'3 F,,'3 (;2 $r+2 $)

-=% N c+/ D f . N -+1

2 / & N /

S@+r 4,,'3 (;2 $ $ /)

-=1.3% N c+/ D f . N -+0.4/ & N /

Cr!+r 4,,'3 (;2 r+/ R)

-=1.3% N c+/ D f . N -+0.6/ R N /

+r+'3! 4,,'3 (;2 $ L /)

-=(1+0.3 &

L)% N c+/ D f . N -+

1

2 / & N / (1−0.2

&

L)

;2:- !*+ +r'3 /r//

C /,! ,2/,'/ /,! '/ Df p2 ,4 4,'+,'/ D f ,7rr' pr//r N / 8 N - 8 N c +r'3 4+,r r*' @+,' !,;:

N c=cot0 [ ,2

2cos2(45+

0

2) ]

N -= ,2

2cos2(45+

0

2)

N c=1

2 tan0 [ ' 12cos2 0−1]

W2:

,=e(3π 4 02 ) tan0

' 12=3tan2

[45+

(-+33

2

)]


43/137

O' 2 ,2r 2+'8 +r'3 /r// , /+ / +44 2 ;32 ,4 2 pp /!4 +' 2 2r,+r,' r'3 / ,pr+,'+! /+3. T, +!!+ 2 !*+ +r'3 /r//2 4,!!,;'3 4,r*!+ / +pp!.

-=Ws

&W2:W/ /*r3 ;32 ,4 pp

$ ;2 ,4 +r'3 +r+ ( "(D&))D ,/ +*r ,4 ,+ pp

S,! /!*' +'+!// 37' T*,/2'9, +' G,,r (1-51) / 2' 7+!+ /'3 2 4,!!,;'3 4,r*!+.

∆ H =-& 1−32

E s !

*

;2:@ T,+! !*+ +r'3 (@ 4,'+,'@ pp)$ r+2 ,4 4,'+,'

µ /,! /2r 4+,r E/ ,'3 *,!/

I; 4,'+,' 4+,r (T+! 5.5)

T+! 5.5 C,'/+'/ +/ ,' 4,'+,' /2+p

F!! R3

S2+p C'r A7r+3 I; I*C! 1.10 0.0# 0.=5 0.== .0S@+r 1.1" 0.5 0.-5 0.=" .<R+'3!:L%$ 0." & & & & "."-

0.5 & & & & .

1.5 1. 0.= 1.15 1.0 #.1"".0 1.5 0.


44/137

F3r 5.1" S,! S!*' A'+!// Pr,//


45/137

,. RISK ASSESSMENT

.1. F'>$%= A$/:=#"#

$+/ ,' /3' '4,r*+,' +' '4,r*+,' 4r,* /,* /,r/8 2 2++r'4+,' (HAID) ''4 2 2r+ 2+ ,! +44 2 '3r ,4 2 4!,;!' +//2,;' ' T+! #.. T+! .1 /2,;/ ++ 4,r 2 +/ +/ 4r@' +'+!//.

T+! .1 D++ 4,r $+/ C+/ Fr@'.

T+! .1 /2,;/ ++ ! 4,r 2 +/ +/ 4r@' +'+!//. A,r'3 , ++,+' 4r,* VICO I','/+8 r /r7 , / +' !,+! p,p!8 2 7//! +' 3r,p ', < (/7') 3r,p/8 +,r'3 , 2 / ,4 7//!. T2 3r,p/ ,4 7//!,'/r ' 2/ / +r8 Gr,p A 4,r 4/2'3 7//! ;2 +p+%/ p , 10 GT +'

Gr,p $ 4,r 4/2'3 7//!%/*+!! +r3, p , 0 GT. Gr,p C 4,r T3 $,+ p , "10 GT8Gr,p D 4,r LCT p , #00 GT8 Gr,p E 4,r O! $+r3 p ,


46/137

,2r) +' '7+! 4!,;!'. D/+' ;' 4!,;!' 4,r r7r r,//'3 + D+pr8$+!,98 $!8 Tr+* +' M+'/ +' /' ' T+! ." . r/p7!.

T+! ." D/+' ;' F!,;!'/ + D+pr R7r

T+! . D/+' ;' F!,;!'/ + $+!,9 R7r

T+! .# D/+' ;' F!,;!'/ + $! R7r

T+! .5 D/+' ;' F!,;!'/ + Tr+* R7r

T+! . D/+' ;' F!,;!'/ + M+'/ R7r

T2r /'+r,/ +r 7!,p 4,r 2 2++r ,4 r,pp +'2,r8 *p!*''3 (2r) 44r' 7//! /p: ".5 9', 5.0 9',


47/137

prp,/8 2/ / +//*/ 2+ 2 +r+ ,4 /r 7//!/ / 5 *!/ +!,'3 2pp!'.

T+! .< Fr@' ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r V//! Gr,p A , Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + D+pr R7r

A/ /2,;' ' T+! .


48/137

F3r .1 Dr,p A'2,r E7' Tr ,4 V//! Gr,p A , Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + D+pr R7r


49/137

T+! .= S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + D+pr R7r


50/137

T+! .- S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $+!,9 R7r


51/137

T+! .10 S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r


52/137

T+! .11 S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r ,'


53/137

T+! .1" S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + Tr+* R7r


54/137

T+! .1 S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r


55/137

T+! .1# S**+r ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r ,'


56/137

,.1.2 F'>$%= of '/ /$%


57/137

T+!/ .1 ."" /2,; 2 /**+r ,4 4r@' +'+!// , +'2,r r+3 , 24!,;!' + D+pr8 $+!,98 $!8 Tr+* +' M+'/ R7r/ r/p7!. A/ /2,;'8 4,r +!!7//! /p /'+r,/8 4r@' ,4 2++r +r ' 2 4r/ !7! ,4 4r@' +,r'3, DNV&RP&F10


58/137

T+! .1 S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + D+pr R7r


59/137

T+! .1< S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $+!,9 R7r


60/137

T+! .1= S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r


61/137

T+! .1- S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r ,'


62/137

T+! ."0 S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + Tr+* R7r


63/137

T+! ."1 S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r


64/137

T+! ."" S**+r ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r ,'


65/137

,.1.3 F'>$%= of S


66/137

T+!/ ."# .0 /2,; 2 /**+r ,4 4r@' +'+!// , /2p /'9'3 ,4!,;!' + D+pr8 $+!,98 $!8 Tr+* +' M+'/ R7r/ r/p7!. A/ /2,;'8 4,r +!!7//! /p /'+r,/8 4r@' ,4 2++r +r ' 2 4r/ !7! ,4 4r@' +,r'3, DNV&RP&F10


67/137

T+! ."# S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + D+pr R7r


68/137

T+! ."5 S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $+!,9 R7r


69/137

T+! ." S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r


70/137

T+! ."< S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + $! R7r ,'


71/137

T+! ."= S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + Tr+* R7r


72/137

T+! ."- S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r


73/137

T+! .0 S**+r ,4 S2p S'9'3 A'+!// 4,r Cr,//'3 F!,;!' + M+'/ R7r ,'


74/137

.". Co$#>$% A$/:=#"#

T2 /+* 7//!/ ++ / ! , ,' 2 ,'/@' +'+!// , r,pp+' r+33 +'2,r +/ ;!! +/ ,'/@' +'+!// , /2p /'9'3. T2/ /,','! pr/'/ ,' *,! ,4 +!!+,' (7//! 3r,p A / /! 4,r 2 *,!) +2 4,r +!! p/ ,4 2++r. D+! +!!+,' / 37' ' APPENDI8 +,r'3 , DNV&RP&F10


75/137

T+! ." C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r (V//! Gr,p A) 4,r Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!'+ D+pr R7r & ,''


76/137

T+! . C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r (V//! Gr,p A) 4,r Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!'+ D+pr R7r


77/137

T+! .# C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r (V//! Gr,p A) 4,r Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!'+ D+pr R7r & ,''


78/137

T+! .5 C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 S2p S'9'3 (V//! Gr,p A) 4,r Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!' +D+pr R7r


79/137

T+! . C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 S2p S'9'3 (V//! Gr,p A) 4,r Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!' +D+pr R7r & ,''

A/ /2,;' ' T+! .1 , T+! .8 2 !7! ,4 ,'/@' +,r'3 , DNV&RP&F10< / ' !7! 1. T+! .< /2,;/ 2 /**+r ,4 ,'/@' +'+!// ,4 2 1"?pr,,' 4!,;!' + D+pr R7r 4,r +!! 7//! 3r,p/.


80/137

I / /2,;' 2+ r+33 +'2,r +' /2p /'9'3 r/!/ ' !7! 5 (2 232/ !7!) 4,r 33r 7//! /. T2/ / *+'! , 2 p,/,' ,4 2 4!,;!' !+ ,' r7r. $+//*p,' 2+ +!! 4!,;!'/ pr4! !+ ,' r7r8 ' +/ ,4 7//!/ 3r,p A +' $pr,7 ', /3'4+' ,'/@' , 2 4!,;!'.

T+! .< S**+r ,' C,'/@' A'+!// 4,r 1"? F!,;!'

T+!/ .= .#0 /2,; /**+r ,4 ,'/@' +'+!// 4,r +!! 4!,;!'/ ,r,pp +'2,r8 r+33 +'2,r +' /2p /'9'3 r/p7!. Fr,* 2,/ +!/8 *,/!2 ,'/@' r+'9'3 , r+33 +'2,r +' /2p /'9'3 ,4 /2p 3r,p/ C8D8E8F+'3 G !+ ' r+'9'3 5. I *+'/ 2+ ''3 pr +*r 37' r+33 +'2,r +'/2p /'9'3 ,4 2/ 7//! / ;!! +44 , rpr , 2 4!,;!'.

T+! .= S**+r ,' C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 Dr,pp A'2,r


81/137

T+! .- S**+r ,' C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 Dr+33 A'2,r

T+! .#0 S**+r ,' C,'/@' A'+!// ,4 S2p S'9'3

.. R"#0 M/&'"

S,' .1 +' ." pr/'/ 2 4r@' +' ,'/@' +'+!// ,4 +!! p,'+!2++r/. $ ,*''3 2,/ ;, +'+!//8 ; +' 2' ,*' 2* ', r/9 *+r +/pr DNV&RP&F10


82/137

F3r .# R/9 M+r , Dr,pp A'2,r V//! Gr,p C , Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!' + D+pr R7r

F3r .5 R/9 M+r , S2p S'9'3 V//! Gr,p C , Cr,//'3 1"? F!,;!' + D+pr R7r

F3r .5 /2,;/ 2 r/9 *+r , /2p /'9'3 ,4 7//! 3r,p C. +/ /2,;'8 2 r/9/ ALARP (A/ L,; A/ R+/,'+! Pr++!)8 ,+' 4r,* 4r@' !7! 1 +','/@' !7! 5 (pp!' rpr). F3r . .= /2,;/ 2 /**+r ,4 +!! r/9pr/ ,4 2 4+!/ , r,pp +'2,r8 r+33 +'2,r8 +' /2p /'9'3r/p7!.

F3r . R/9 Pr,4! ,4 A!! Cr,//'3 F!,;!' , Dr,pp A'2,r


83/137

F3r .< R/9 Pr,4! ,4 A!! Cr,//'3 F!,;!' , Dr+33 A'2,r

F3r .= R/9 Pr,4! ,4 A!! Cr,//'3 F!,;!' , S2p S'9'3


84/137

7. RIVER BED STABILITY ANALYSIS


85/137

T2 // p,r pr//r *+ !+r3 ',32 , ' /2+r 4+!r ,r !@4+,' ,4 2 /,! +r,' pp!'/. T2/ /+,' / !!/r+ ' F3r


86/137

F3r


87/137

(


88/137

C+!!+'3 447 42 (F44). T2 F44 +' +!!+ /'3 :

α

α

Cos

Cos xi F eff ∑

∑=

.

;2r / 42 !'32 +' α / +'3! ,4 7+,'.

Pr'3 ;+7 p+r+*r/. W+7 232 +' ;+7 pr, ' p ;+r +' +!!+ /'3 2 4,!!,;'3 @+,'/ (S2,r Pr,,' M+'+!8 V,!. 18 1-=#):

H 0=5,112 x10−4

x 4 A x 5 0,5 t =3,2115 x ( 5

2

4 A )13

4 A=0,71 x 4 W 1,23 R L=

4 W

4 L

H r6s=√ 1 N ∑i=1 N

H 12 H ! =1,42 x H r6s

T 0=6,238 x10−2 x (4 A x 5 )0.33

;2r

H, : W+7 232 ' p ;+r (*)T, : W+7 pr, ' p ;+r (/) : W+7 r+,'

4 A : W' /r// 4+,r RL : R!+,' ;' UL +' UW (;' 7!, ' !+' +' /+)Hr*/ : H r,, *+' /@+r (*)H/ : S3'4+' ;+7 232 (*)

H+73 : A7r+3 ,4 ;+7 232 ' p ;+r (*)T+73 : A7r+3 ,4 ;+7 pr, ' p ;+r (/)

Pr'3 ;+7/ rr''3 pr,. T2 G'!!/ *2, / ',rp,r+ 4,r pr'32 rr''3 pr,:

Y 6= [−ln (1− P ) ]1 /k

Y r=[ln ( L x T r ) ]1 /k

H ,r¿ = A¿ x Y r+&

¿ H ,r

¿ = A¿ x Y 6+&¿

,=,1 x e,2 x N

¿−1,3+k [√ (−7#+ )]

"#r=( 1√ # ) x√ 1+, (Y r−c+e x ln (+ )2 )

,r="#r x sH s s=√( 1

N −1 ) x " ( H ,6− H r )2

;2rP : Pr,+! ,4 rpr/'+7 ;+7 232 *H/* :T2 * ;+7 232* : H32/ /3'4+' ;+7 232

NT : N*r ,4 ;+7 ,rr' r'3 r,r'3 *H'r : S3'4+' ;+7 232 ;2 rr''3 pr, Tr K : Pr, ,4 ++ (+r)


89/137

L : A7r+3 ,rr' ' + +r S'r : N,r*+! /+'+r 7+,'N : N*r ,4 /3'4+' ;+7 ++Sr : S+'+r 7+,' ,4 /3'4+' ;+7 232 rr,r ;2 rr''3 pr, Tr /H/ : S+'+r 7+,' /3'4+' ;+7 232

7..1 I$&''&/&"o$ of CPT T#& R#:S,! 2+7,r / ' 3'r+! ,*p!. I' +,' , p2/+! 'r+,'/ + 2 p+r!+,r !+ *'r+! /+!8 2r / ,p!'3 ,4 2 p,r 4! 4!,; ;2 2 /,! *+r4,r*+,' 2,;7r8 ,'! *+r,&2+7,r / 3'r+!! ,/r7 ' /,!/ /'3. I'r++! /'38 4,r +*p!8 ; *p,/ ;!!&,'r,!! +' 9',;' ,'+r ,','/ ,'/,! /+*p!/ , *+/r 2 /2+r /r'32 ,4 2 /+*p! r!. C,' p'r+,' ',/,!/ *p,// + ,*p!! 44r' +' ,*p! / ,4 ,'+r ,','/8 +' ; +9'r *+/r*'/ ,4 2 /,!/ r/p,'/ , 2/ *p,/ ,'+r ,','/ (..p+r+*r/ /2 +/ p r//+' ,r /!7 4r,') , r*' 2 /2+r /r'32 ,4 2 /,!. A/ + r/!8 'rpr'3 2 ,' p'r+,' / (CPT) / !+r3! *pr+!8 ;22 / *pr+! +ppr,+2/ 2+7'3 + /,' 2,r+! +//.

S,! 2+7,r p +' /r+3r+p2 'rpr+,' / +/ ,' r!+,'/2p/ ;' ,'+r'3 (@)8 /!7 4r,' (4/)8 +' p,r ;+r pr//r (). T2 4r,' r+, (R4) / ++!!+ p+r+*r 4' 1004/%@ +' / / , '4r /,! 2+7,r p.G'r+!!:

F"$'/"$ (%o


90/137


91/137

"0 4,r ,7r,'/,!+ (,..) !+/

A *,r +! 'r+' /2+r /r'32 pr,4! +' ,+' 4r,*:

;2r:

p, ,7rr' pr//rN9 15&1 4,r '.. !+/ 1=&1- 4,r ,.. !+/

%. Dfo'9/4":"&= S&"ff$##F,r ',r*+!! +' !32! ,7r ,'/,!+ !+/ (@ 1." MP+) +' @7+!' ,44',4 7,!* 2+'38 *78 +' r7 4r,* 2 r!+,'/2p:

;2r b p'' ,' 2 p!+/8 /! +' ,r3+' ,'' ,4 2 /,!. F,r +*p!Gr+'3*,2 XC+r/X !+/ +' G!+/3,; XC! A!!7*X 7+!/ ,4 + 5 ,


92/137

4. R:/&"! $#"&= F'"%&"o$ /$:

T2 r!+7 '/ (Dr) +' +'3! ,4 'r'+! 4r,' (φX) +' +!/, ,+' rr!+,'/2p ;2 2/ X@X 7+!.

F3r


93/137

F3r


94/137

F3r


95/137

F3r


96/137

F3r


97/137


98/137

F3r


99/137


100/137

+//3' + >MEDIUM? r+'98 ;2! 2,/ ;2, p+// ;,! +//3' + >HIGH? r+'9. T2+!/ ,4 2 r/9 pr,r r+'9'3 pr,// / +! ' 43r =." !,;:

F3r =." R/9 Pr,r R+'9'3 Pr,// F!,;2+r

T2 4r /p+' +'+!// / pr4,r* , 2 4,!!,;'3 pp!'/ ,4 VICO I','/+.1. 4 78 : D;7= C=88?

2. 3 78 : B@ R>7= C=88?3. 4 78 : B7= C=88?4. 2 78 : T= R>7= C=88?5. 1 7 : M8 R>7= C=88?

T2/ 2+pr ,'! pr,7 +!!+,' ,4 4r /p+' +'+!// 4,r ,' pp!' ? (3+/) ,4 Tr+* R7r r,//'3 +/ +!!+,' +*p!. T2 r*+''3 r/!/ ;!! /**+r.C+!!+,' +, *+** +!!,;+! 4r /p+' !'32 r@r/ ,*p! ++ 4r,*pp!' +' '7r,'*'. O2r Pp!' +' '7r,'*' ++ ;!! /r ,' App'.

T2 pp!' ++8 ,pr+,'+! ++ +/ ;!! +/ ,+'3 29'// / pr,7 !,;:


101/137

T+! =.1 Tr+* Cr,//'3 G+/ Pp!' ? D++

T+! =." Tr+* Cr,//'3 G+/ Pp!' ? Opr+,'+! D++

T+! =. Tr+* Cr,//'3 G+/ Pp!' ? C,+'3 D++

A/ /2,;' !,;8 4r /p+' ,',' ,4 Tr+* Cr,//'3 G+/ Pp!' ? / 37' 2+,'// ,4 /'3! pp!'. Fr /p+' !'32 +' / !7+,' +r 37' +,r'3!.

T+! =.# Tr+* R7r G+/ Pp!' ? Fr Sp+' C,','

T2 ;,r9/2/ !,; /2,;/ 2 +*p! ,4 4r /p+' +!!+,' ,4 Tr+* Cr,//'3 G+/Pp!' ? 4!,;!' ', 1. T2 /**+r ,4 4r /p+' +'+!// / pr,7 ' T+! =.

T+! =.5 W,r9/2 4,r ? 3+/ 4!,;!' + Tr+* R7r


102/137


103/137


104/137


105/137


106/137

T+! =. S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// Tr+* R7r Cr,//'3/

T+! =.< S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// $+!,9 1"? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3


107/137

T+! =.= S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// $! 1"? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3

T+! =.- S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// $! 1=? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3


108/137

T+! =.10 S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// D+pr 1"? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3

T+! =.11 S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// D+pr 1=? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3


109/137

T+! =.1" S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// D+pr "0? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3

T+! =.1 S**+r ,4 Fr Sp+' A'+!// D+pr "#? Pp!' R7r Cr,//'3

T+! =.


110/137


111/137

S,* ,'/r+,' 2+ ' , '/r 4,r 4r /p+' r4+,' /'3 3r, +3/+r:

a T2 3r, +3/ +' *' / 4,r r4+,' /2,! ,'4,r* ,/+'+r/ +! ' 2 '3 ,*'/.

a T2 7//!/ / 4,r 2/ ;,r9/ /2,! @pp 2r ;2

'+* p,/,''3 //* ,r 4,r&p,'/ *,,r'3 //*.a V//!/ @pp ;2 '+* p,/,''3 //* /2,! ,'4,r* ,

/+'+r/ +! ' '3 ,*'/.


112/137

a A pr&'/+!!+,' /r7 , +/r+' 2 !,+,'/ ,4 3r, +3/p!+*' +' +/ !+ ,',' ,4 2 /'+33 +'2,r /2+!! pr4,r*.

a A p,/&'/+!!+,' /r7 +4r 2 ;,r9 / ,' /2+!! pr4,r*.a F! rp+r/ /2,! pr4,r* 4,r +*+3 'rr 2

pp!'/ r'3 2 '/+!!+,'. T2/ rp+r/ /2,! +! ' 2 ;,r9rp,r.

a C+r /2,! +9' 2 ,'r+,r , '/r 2+ 2 r/!'34r /p+' +4r 3r, +3 '/+!!+,' , ', 2 !'32 /p4 ' 2

,*'/.T+! =.15 /2,;/ 2 ,*p+r/,' ;' +7+'3,/ +' / +7+'3,/ ,4 ,2*2,/. $+/ ,' +! =.158 2' 2 3r,+3/ *2, / r,**' , r4 2pp!'/.

T+! =.15 C,*p+r/,' ;' R,9 D*p'3 +' Gr,+3/

Co$"#'/&"o$ Ro%0 D9"$ G'o&4/#

E,',*+! • C2+pr • M,r p'/7T2'+! • S*p!r • M,r ,*p! pr,r

+' @p*'• L,+! ,'r+,r / !* • L,+! ,'r+,r / +/ ,4'

• S2+!!,; r+4 / ', p,//!,'/r'3 2 r+4 ,4 2 r,9*p'3 7//!

• S2+!!,; r+4 / p,//!

• L,'3r ,' * r+,' '3'r+! , 2'+! +' ','2'+! *+r/

• S2,r2r pr, ,4 pr,B,'

S+4 • S+4 ,4 pp!' / *,r 44!, ,'r,!

• S+4 ,4 pp!' / +/r ,,'r,!

• L// /+4 , p,p! r'3

'/+!!+,'

• S+4r , p,p! r'3

'/+!!+,'E'7r,'*'+! • L// *p+ , '7r,'*' • S!32! *,r *p+ ,'7r,'*' ,*p+r ,r,9 *p'3

$!,; / /,* pr,r/ , ,'/r r'3 2 '/+!!+,' ,4 3r,+3/.

-.1. G$'/:

C,'r+,r '/ , ,'/r 2 4,!!,;'3/:1. D,*'/ +!'3 2 ,','/ ,4 2 / (+' '7r,'*'+! % /p4

,','/ 2+ ,! 2'r ;,r9 pr,3r//8 4 +')8 2 pp!'/8 +' 2 /,p

,4 ;,r9.". D+!/ ,4 /p4+,' 4,r 2 7//!/ 2+ ;!! /8 @p*'8 ,,!/8*+r+!/8 ,'/*+!/8 !+,r/8 +' +' /p+! @p*' (4 +')pr7 +/ '//+r. M'** +p+!/ ,4 2 r/,r/ 2+ /2,! 4!4!! 2 ,'r+,r.

. T2 !+;/ +' r3!+,'/ 2+ 2 ,'r+,r /2,! 4,!!,;. T2/ '!/ 2/+'+r +' r4+/ 4,r 2 r/,r/ +! ' pr7,/ !! p,'.

#. C,'r+,r/ /*//,' ,4 /p&&/p +!/ ,4 2 ;,r9 2!! ,'3.5. T* 4r+* ,4 2 /+ ;,r98 +!,'3 ;2 B/4+,' 4,r 2 pr,p,/ * 4r+*

+' p,//! 2'r+' (4 * '//+r).. A +! pr,r , '/p +' *,',r 2 ;,r9 pr,3r//. A !+/ 2+

pr,7 4!! +// 4,r ,*p+' rpr/'+7 , 2/ '/p,' +'

*,',r'3 pr,r/8 +/ ;!! +/ ,*'+,' ,4 2 ,'3,'3 ;,r9.


113/137


114/137

". T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! +!!+ 2 /r/// ' ' 2 pp!'/ 23r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+,pr+,'/ T2 *+** +!!,;+! ,*' /r// (+!!+ +/ ,' V,'M// Crr/) ' 2 pp!' r'3 2 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ /2+!! =5Q ,4 2/p4 *'** ! /r'32 ,4 2 pp *+r+!.

. T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! ,!' 2 *2, +' +// ,4 2 +!!+,'/ ' 2,*'/ /* 4,r C,*p+' +ppr,7+!. I' +/ +' ,*pr pr,3r+**

+r pr,p,/8 C,'r+,r /2+!! 4r'/2 ' 2/ $8 + r4 /rp,' ,4 2+'+!+! *2,/ *p!, ' 2 pr,3r+* +!,'3 ;2 2 +// +' 2,r/.

#. F+!r , /* 2 r@r '4,r*+,' *+ '7+!+ 2 $.

-.3. Co$#&'%&"o$ R>"'9$

1. C,'r+,r /2+!! '7/3+ +' /! 2 +r3%7//! p,/,''3 //* +9'3', ,'/r+,':

+. W+r p2. G'r+! '/+!!+,'/

. S+ ,,* /,! ,','/. G'r+! '7r,'*'+! ,','/". C,'r+,r /2+!! ,'',/! *,',r /+&/+ +' 3'r+! *,r,!,3+!

,','/ 4r,* 2 ;+2r 4,r+/'3 r7'3 4+!/ 2r,32, 3r,+3/'/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/

. D7r ,pr+,'/ 4,r 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,'+' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ /2+!! *,',r !,/ r !7/,' +''r;+r +*r+. C,'r+,r /2+!! *+9 7, +p r,r'3 ,4 ,*p!'r;+r ;,r9 +' pr* C,*p+' Rpr/'+7 4,r TV 7;'3 , '+!*,',r'3 ,4 'r;+r ;,r9/. V, +p/ ,4 /2 r,r'3 /2+!! /*, 2 C,*p+' 4,r r,r prp,//. R,r'3 /2+!! ,' VHS 4,r*+ +p/+' /2+!! /+! 4,r PAL S/*/.

#. C,'r+,r /2+!! +rr , +!! ;,r9/ r!+ , 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/8 /r! '+,r+' ;2 2 r@r*'/ ,4 2/ /p4+,' +' 2 C,*p+'+ppr,7 r+;'3/ +' ,*'/8 ;2, +*+3'3 2 /'3 pp!''/+!!+,'/.

5. C,'r+,r /2+!! ', ,**' +' ;,r9 ,' 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ pr,r , 2+ppr,7+! ,4 2 *2,%pr,r/ C,*p+'.

-.. H/$:"$8 H/:"$8 S&o'/ /$ T'/$#o'&/&"o$ of R>"' M/&'"/: /$E>"9$&

1. C,'r+,r /2+!! r7 +' +9 ,7r +3+'/ r@/,' +!! C,*p+' /pp!*+r+!/ 4r,* C,*p+'/ /3'+ p!+(/) ,4 !7r +/ 4' ' 2C,'+. T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! ,+!! r/p,'/! 4,r +!! *+r+!/ '! 2+p+'/ ,4 2 ;,r9 2 C,*p+'.

". I' +/ C,*p+' /pp! *+r+!/8 Rpr/'+7/ ,4 2 C,'r+,r +' 2C,*p+' /2+!! B,'! '/p +!! +//,+ *+r+!/ + 2 * ,4 2+''3 ,7r.C,'r+,r /2+!! pr4,r* 7/+! '/p,' +' 4/8 4 +' ',8 /2+!! r,r /p+r+! ' 2 pr/' ,4 C,*p+' Rpr/'+7. T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! '! , r+ ,*p'/+,' 4,r rp+r +' r4+,' ,4 /2 4/'+,r+' ;2 2 pr,r/ pr7,/! +ppr,7 2 C,*p+' + 2r+/ / 4,r2 ' 2 C,'r+.

. C,'r+,r /2+!! '!,+8 !,+8 /,9p! +' r+'/p,r +!! +//,+ *+r+!//'3 /+! *+'/ +' ' + *+''r , +7, +*+3/ 4r,* /3'+p!+(/) ,4 !7r , 2 ;,r9 /(/).


115/137

#. C,'r+,r /2+!! /* , C,*p+' 4,r +ppr,7+! + +!pr,r%r+'/p,r+,' /2* '!'3 '//+r r+;'3/ ,4 +r3, +r3/4,r 2+'!'38 2+!'38 /,r+3 +' r+'/p,r+,' pr,r , ,**'*' ,4 +'2+'!'3 ,pr+,'/.

5. C,'r+,r /2+!! +rr , + '+* r+'/p,r+,' +'+!// +/ ,' 1&+r /,r* ,','/ *',' !/;2r ' 2 C,'r+8 ,'/r'3 2 pr,p,/*+r' r+'/p,r+,' /2* .. +r3, +r3/ +' 2 /r'3 +rr+'3*'+' /+!/2 2+ 2 pr,p,/ r+'/p,r+,' +rr+'3*' / /+4 +' /+!.

T2 r/! ,4 /2 +'+!// /2+!! /* , C,*p+' 4,r +ppr,7+!8 pr,r ,'r+9'3 2 r+'/p,r+,' ,4 +!! +//,+ *+r+!/ , 2 ;,r9 /(/).. A@+ /r+pp'3 +' p+'3 /2+!! pr,7 r'3 2+'!'3. A!! +!!

+//,+ *+r+!/ 2+'!'3 @p*' /2+!! +ppr,7 C,*p+' pr,r ,2r /. A!! !4'3 @p*' /2+!! ,4 /2 + /3' /, +/ , pr7' +*+3/, 2 /'3 pp ,r ,+'3.


116/137

232 r/,!,' '+73+,' //*%r+, p,/,''3 //* ;2 " *r/+r+8 ;22 /2+!! 447 7' r'3 +7r/ 7/! ,','/ +' +'32. C,'r+,r /2+!! 2+7 /44' /p+r p+r/ ,'&,+r , '/r + "# 2,r/+ + p,/,''3.

". C,'r+,r /2+!! prp+r +' /* + /r7 p,/,''3 pr,r '!'3+!/ ,4 2 +r3%7//! '+73+,'%p,/,''3 //* ;2 @p*' +'+!r+,' pr,r/8 /+,' /rp,'/8 . 4,r C,*p+' r7; +'+ppr,7+!.

A$%


117/137

+!r'+7 +rr+'3*'/ 7. ++2*' ,4 ,/ ;2 2 +'2,r'3 ;r/ + 2r,//'3 !,+,'8 . /2+!! +rr ,.

F": R/"'# &o D/9/ Co/&"$ (A$&"Co''o#"o$ A$ Co$%'&) D'"$ F'S/$ R%&"f"%/&"o$1. F! rp+r/ , +*+3 +'&,rr,/,' +' ,'r ,+'3/ /2+!!

+,*p!/2 ;2 *+r+!/ +' *2,/8 ;22 +r ,*p+! ;2 2 p+r',+'38 +' pr,7 + 2,!+ 4r ,+'3 ;22 +r +p+! , 2 C,*p+'

Rpr/'+7.". I4 2 ,'r ;32 ,+'3 / +*+3 , 2 ' 2+ 2+/ ,* !,,/4r,* 2 pp!' +' / /B , /p+!!'38 /2+!! rp+r ' +,r+' ;22 r@r*'/.

. I4 ,2 ,'r ;32 ,+'3 +' +'&,rr,/,' ,+'3 +r +*+38 2C,'r+,r /2+!! r*,7 +!! ;32 ,+'3 *+r+! ;2'


118/137

*',' ' 2 C,'r+ D,*' +' /* , C,*p+' 4,r +ppr,7+!.G'r+! +rr+'3*' ,4 2 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP,'/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ /2+!! +/ '+ ' 2 r!7+'r+;'3/ '! ' 2 C,'r+. Gr,+3/ /2+!! /3' , '/r ,'&,,* /+! 'r 2 100 +r /,r* ,','/. C+!!+,'/ /2+!! '!/+/ + *'** 2 +!!+,'/ 4,r /!*' ,4 /pp,r%/+! ,4 /pp,r8 +/,' /,! +r'3 +p+ /+!/2 r'3 2 /,! '7/3+,'

10. T2 !'32 ,4 2 4r /p+' ;' 2 ;, /pp,r/ /2+!! ', 2 !*/

+/ *',' ' 2 C,*p+' +ppr,7 ,*'/.11. T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! pr4,r* + +! '/p,' ,4 2 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8+'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ +' /*+' '/p,' rp,r +' pr!*'+r +/&! /r7 rp,r , 2 C,*p+' 4,r +ppr,7+!. T2 '/p,' /2+!! ,' 2 C,'r+,r/ 7r/ 1" 2,r/ +4r ,*p!,' ,4 2 '/+!!+,'. T2/ rp,r /2+!! +!/, '! 2 7, +pr,r'3 +' *'** ,4 4,r 3,, @+! 'r;+r p2,,3r+p2/ ,4 2 23r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+,pr+,'/. T2 C,'r+,r /2+!! /* , C,*p+' 2 pr,r +' 22'@ 2 pr,p,// , / 4,r /2 '/p,' 4,r +ppr,7+!.

1". A!! +7+!+! ++ (+2*r8 /,! ,','8 pp!' /3' ,pr+'3,','/8 .) +r '!,/ ;2 2 'r ,*'/. A,'+! /r7/

* '//+r 2 ,'r+,r /2,! ,' 2*/!7/ + ',+,'+! ,/ , 2 ,*p+'.1. P+pr ;,r9 /*//,' 4,r /2pp'3 2+''! !+r+' /, 2+ 2 ;,r9 ;!! ',

2'r p+//'3 7//!/.1#. C,'r+,r /2,! pr4,r* pr&/r7 4,r ;,r9 3'/ , '/r 2r +r ',

/rp+'/ ;' /'3 ,*'/ % ++ +' 2 r+! ,','.15. A4r +!! ;,r9/ +r ,'8 +',2r /r7 /2+!! ,' , '/r 2+ 2

/p4+,'/ !+ , ' 2 /,p ,4 ;,r9 +r * ;2 +p+! r/!/. A!!r*+! ;,r9/ ,' +4r 2/ /r7 /2+!! +!.

1. D+!/ ,4 2 p,/,''3 +' +'2,r'3 ,4 2 7//!/. D+!/ (/2 +/!+r+') /2,! p+ /, 2+ 2 +'2,r ;,! ', p,/ r/9 , 2 pp!'/.

1


119/137

'r;+r //* /+! 4,r *+** +' *'** ;+r p2/ '7,!7 '2 /,p ,4 ;,r9

. D/rp,' ,4 2 /p&&/p *2, ,4 ;,r9 4,r +2 pr,r ;22 ;!! ! 2 ,'r+,r.

#. D+!/ ,4 2 p,/,''3 //* 2+ ;!! / (4 +') , '/r 2+ 2'/+!!+,' / +rr , +!,'3 2 /3'+ !,+,' +!,'3 ;2 2 +r+ ,4 p,/,''3 C,*p! !/ ,4 *+'p,;r8 ,,!/8 @p*'8 +' ,'/*+!/ 2+;!! !.

5. L/ ,4 p,//! /pp!r/ +' /&,'r+,r/8 +!,'3 ;2 2r pr' '/*!+r !' ;2 2 4r/ !! p,' ,4 2/ /,'.. G'r+! ,r3+'+,' ,r ;,r98 /pr+8 /pp!/ +' r+'/p,r.


120/137

". L+ , 2 +!/ 4,r 2 r*,7+! ,4 /r+p +' r/ 4r,* 2 ;,r9. M+9 /r2+ ,*p!/ ;2 +pp!+! 3,7r'*' !+;.

. Dr'3 2 3r,+3/ '/+!!+,'8 +'2,r r!+/8 RrP, '/+!!+,' +' ,2r +//,+ ,pr+,'/ C,'r+,r /2+!! ', /+r + +' p,' +!,'3 2 pp!'r,/8 2 ,'/r,' *+r+!/8 /r+p ,r ,2r ,B/. A' /+9/8 ,/ ,r *p,r+r ,/r,'/ p!+ +!,'3 2 pp!' r32 ,4 ;+ ' 2 ;+r ,r ,'!+' /2+!! r*,7 + C,'r+,r/ p'/ '!// C,*p+' /p4+!!r@// 2+ 2 !4 ' p!+.

#. W,r9 /p+ 4r'/2 , 2 C,'r+,r /2+!! !+' ,4 +!! /r+p +' r/+' r/,r , /2 /+! +' /+! ,',' +/ *+ r+/,'+!,'//' ;2 2 ,',' ,4 2 r32 ,4 ;+ pr,r , !+'3 ,4 2 pp!'.

5. A!! /rp!/ *+r+!/ /pp! C,*p+' /2+!! ,!! 2 C,'r+,r +' !7r , C,*p+'/ ;+r2,/ +/ *',' !/;2r ' 2 C,'r+.C,'r+,r /2+!! 9p + r,r ,4 +!! *+r+!/ rr' , C,*p+' +' /2+!!/* 2 /+* 4,r C,*p+' '4,r*+,'.

. A!! /rp!/ +' 47 *+r+!/ /pp! C,'r+,r +' +!! r+/28 r4/+' /p,! *+r+! /2+!! ', /p,/ ,44 4r,* 2 7//!/ ', 2/rr,''3 ;+r /2+!! ,!! +' /p,/ ,44 C,'r+,r ' +*+''r /+/4+,r , C,*p+'.


121/137

Gr,+3/ /+! 7r +44 rr' 7!,8 /' 2 rr' pr//r ;,r9,' 3r,+3/ /r4+ ;!! r+ + 4,r + /,* !7! p' ,' rr' 7!,.Gr+/ pr//r ,rr + #5 3r prp'!+r , 3r,+3/ +/8 +/ /2,;'+ F3r =.58 /' 4r,* 2+ +'3!8 2 pr,B +r+ ,4 3r,+3/ / ;!! + /33/ 7+!. F,r ;,r9 ,' 3r,+3/ / +!!+ +/ 4,!!,;:

5 = Pressre . Are,

. 5 =

(1

2 ) +

2

). Are,

. 5 =( 12 ) + 2). H

2( A √ 2+& 82¿

W2r H 232 ,4 3r,+3/

W2! r//+' 4,r ,4 3r,+3/ / +!!+ +/ 4,!!,;:

R=+976e . :e#sit2 . ; .9,807

W2r ; / /,! 4r,' 4+,r8 +9' +/ 0.< +' -.=0< / +!r+,' ,4 3r+7.

$ 2,/ ;, +!!+,' +,78 *+** +!!,;+! rr' +' +!!+ +/4,!!,;:

T+! =.1 M+** A!!,;+! Crr' 4,r Gr, +3/ Sp4+,'

M7 T: V


122/137

. PIPELINE STABILITY ANALYSIS

T2/ ,*' pr/'/ 2 ,'&,,* /+! +'+!// ,4 RV&08 RV&08 RV&"0 +'r,//'3 4!,;!'/ + $+!,98 $!8 D+pr8 M+'/ +' Tr+* r7r ,4 VICO I','/+8 ;22,*pr// 2 !+r+! /+! +'+!//8 7r+! /+! +'+!// +' 9!'3 +'+!//+,r'3 , /p4 pp!' ++ pr,7 VICO I','/+. T2 !+r+! /+!+'+!// 7r4 ;22r ,r ', 2 /3' pp!' +27 /2,r +' !,'3 r* /+!/B7 , '7r,'*'+! !,+'3/8 ;2!/ 2 7r+! /+! +'+!// 7r4 2 pp!'

/+! rr+ , ,+' ,4 2 pp!'.T2 +'+!// / +rr , +/ pr:

1. S$I 1&#


123/137

-.1. V'&"%/: S&/4":"&= /$:/=#"#

T+! -." Pp!' W32 + V+r,/ C,',' (O! Tr+'/4r Pp!' 4,r E+*p!)


124/137

T+! -. Vr+! S+! A'+!// (+) (O! Tr+'/4r Pp!' 4,r E+*p!)


125/137

T+! -.# Vr+! S+! A'+!// () (O! Tr+'/4r Pp!' 4,r E+*p!)

T+! -."&-. /2,;/ 2 ,'&,,* /+! +'+!// 4,r 2 &'2 p,r 4!,;!'+,r'3 , pp!' ++ pr,7 VICO I','/+. I' 2 +'+!//8 2 4!,;!'/ ;r+'+! 4,r !+r+! +' 7r+! /+! , r*' 2 ,'r ;32 ,+'329'// r@r*' +/ ,' 2 /! pp ;+!! 29'//. T2 !+r+! /+! +'7r+! /+! +'+!// / pr4,r* /'3 '&2,//pr+/2.

$+/ ,' 2 r/!/ ,4 2 +'+!//8 *+** pp!' /!*' /+!! ,r/ r'32r,/ ,',' , 2 2+7 ;328 ;2! 2 *'** pp /p4 3r+7,r/ 4,r + ,rr, pp + 2 ' ,4 /3' !4. I / , ', 2+ pp!' 4!,+,' ;!!', ,r +/ ,4 r!+7! 232 /*r3 ;32 pr,7 ;32 ,4 2 pp!'/!4. T2 /p4 3r+7 ,4 2 p,r pp!' 2+/ /+/4 2 4!,++,' rr+ ,4 1.12'8 ', +94!! / r@r , /+! 2 pp 7r+!!. T2 *+** pp /!*'

3r+7 +r /**+r ' T+! -.5.


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A/ /r +,78 2 pp!' / +@+ , pr,7 ,2 /2,r&r* +' !,'3&r*7r+! /+! ;2 r/p , / /p4 3r+7 +' 4r2r 2+/ /+/4 2 4!,++,'rr+.

T+! -.5 S**+r 4,r Vr+! S+! A'+!//

Cr,//'3 PpEp S!*' (**)

I'/+!!+,

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$+!,9 1" 4.6& 20.53 6.6

$! 1" O! 4.6& 20.53 1&.&4

1= 1.22 22.5 3.1

Tr+* G+/ 15.24 20.03 15.9

O! 15.24 20.03 19.3

-.". L/&'/: S&/4":"&= /$:/=#"#

T2/ !+r+! /+! +'+!// / +rr , ;2 +' +//*p,' 2+ +!! 4!,;!'/ (RV&08RV&08 RV&"08 $+!,98 $!8 D+pr8 Tr+*8 M+'/ r7r) +r ,*p,/ '+!pp!' ;22 2+/ / ,4 ?8 1"?8 1=?8 "0?8 "#?. Fr2r8 /,* '7r,'*'+! ,','/+r ,+' 4r,* ++ /pp! VICO I','/+8 +' /,* +r +//* /'3 +,'/r7+7 7+!/.

T2 +////*' ;+/ +rr , +/ ,' DNV&RP&E058 ,' ,,* /+! /3' ,4 /*+r' pp!'/. T2,32 2 pp!'/ +r ', !,+ ,44/2,r8 +B/*' 2+/ '+rr , , 4 ;2 2 / /+'+r.T2 4,!!,;'3 +/ ,','/ ;r ,'/r 2r,32, 2 +'+!//:

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pp!' *+r+!). A' !,+,' ,p4 pp!' r/r+'/ (r7r r,//'3)

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T+! -. L+r+! S+! A'+!// (+)


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T+! -. L+r+! S+! A'+!// ()


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T+! -.< L+r+! S+! A'+!// ()

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2 /+! rr+ ;,! '+p+! (2 /'3 7+! ,4 2 r7r rr' / 0.#5*%/).

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-#7t < Ls = 5: < Lb

W2r :@'! N U!*+ $+r'3 C+p+ ,4 S,!L/ E//'3 L'32 ,4 Cr,//'3 4,r +2F R7r Crr' Dr+3 F,rL R,**' $r Pp L'32

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F3r -. " R7r Pr,4! ,4 $+!,9 "0? "#? Cr,//'3/

F3r -. R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! "#? Cr,//'3

F3r -. # R7r Pr,4! ,4 $! "0? Cr,//'3

F,r *%/ /*+ rr' 7!, (7r ,'/r7+7 +//*p,')8 / r,**', // +! -.< !,; +/ ,' ,4 2 ,p,' , '/r pp!' /+!1.

T+! -.< R,**' $r Pp L'32 (L)

Cr,//'3 PpMr

L /p+' L

R7 N,.1 36.2 11.31

N,." 41.95 1.51

N,. 3.34 15.5&

N,.# 39.0& 16.31

R7 N,.1 15'14 4'661

N,." 19'2 5'933

N,. 19'41 5'96

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N,.# 15'&1 4'&69

N,.5 16'92 5'21

N,. 1&'43 5'66

N,.< 1'& 5'503

N,.= 1&'0& 5'56&

N,.- 25'62 '&&9

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Cr,//'3 PpMr

L /p+' L

$+!,9 1" 5" 1801

$! 1" 55 18-#

1= 0 -8"-D+pr 1" 0 -8"-

1= 0 -8"-

"0 "#


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M+** /r// rr' :

D4!,' / +!!+ +/ 4,!!,;/:

A /+'+r 4!,' !* 4r,* DNV RP&F105 : L

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D


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16.CONCL+SION

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vico phase ii__rena.docx

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