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INTRODUCTIONTO

TURBOVISORY INSTRUMENTS

Surajit Ghosh

Sr. Supdt (C&I) BT!S


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Presentation outline

•Turbovisory Parameters

•Measurement of Turbovisory parameter

•Introduction to Vibration Measurement•Type of Vibration Sensors and their

installation

•Differential Expansion /Axial Shift and their

Installation

•Speed /r! Metal temp/Valve Position


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TURBOVISORY !"R"METERS

VIBR"TIONS

# S$"%T VIBR"TION ECCENTRICITY # BE"RING VIBR"TION

TURBINE E'!"NSION

# OVER" E'!"NSION

# DI%%ERENTI" E'!"NSION

# "'I" S$I%T S!EED OVERS!EED

O"D

BE"RING B"BBIT MET" TEM!ER"TURES

MS $R$ !RESSURE TEM!ER"TURE TURBINE MET" TEM!ER"TURE

V"CUUM UB OI !RESSURE TEM!ER"TURE

$! ! E'$"UST TEM!ER"TURE

G"ND STE"M $E"DER TEM!ER"TURE


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CROSS SECTION OF TURBINE


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ABS EXPANSION

REL EXPANSION

REL SHAFT VIBRATION

ABS BRG VIBRATION

ABS EXPANSION

AXIAL SHAFT POSITION

REL SHAFT VIBRATION

ABS BRG VIBRATION

REL EXPANSION

ECCENTRICITY

ABS BRG VIBRATION

RELATIVE EXPANSION

RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION

ABSOLUTE BRG VIBRATION




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VIBRATION MEASURING

INSTRUMENTATION

SHAFT VIBRATION / ECCENTRICITY- PROXIMITY PROBE

BEARING VIBRATION

- VELOCITY PICK UP


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What are the diferentways?

• Overall

• Time domain

• Frequency domain• Envelope analysis

• Cepstrum analysis

• Wavelet analysis• Etc


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Basic Theory Of VibrationSimple Sprin! Mass System

"pper #imit

$eutral Position

#o%er Position D

i s p l a c e m e n t

Max Acceleration& Min Velocity

Max Acceleration& Min VelocityMax Velocity& Min Acceleration

IT '(##()S SI$E *"+VE


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VIBRATION MONITORING

),AT IS VI+ATI($ -

),AT *A"SES VI+ATI($ -

,() D( )E MEAS"+E VI+ATI($ -

,() D( )E A$A#.SE VI+ATI($ -


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)hat Is Vibration-

It is the response of a

system to an internal or

external force %hichcauses the system to

oscillate


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0 Measurement direction 1

,ori2ontal& Vertical& Axial


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General rule o direction

• We measure H direction or machineson the oundation

• We measure ! direction or machines

on structures• We measure " direction when we

suspect misali#nment

• There are advanta#es$ %ut there aree&ceptions to this rule


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Modes of Amp!"#des

$ %ISPLACEMENT

$ VELOCITY

$ ACCELERATION

$ SPIKE ENERGY


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'hysical (i#ni)cance O !i%ration"mplitude

*isplacement + (train ,ndicator

!elocity + Fati#ue ,ndicator

"cceleration + Force ,ndicator


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The si#ni)cance

• *isplacement #ives the strain ener#y

• !elocity #ives the -inetic ener#y

• "cceleration #ives the orce• (pi-e ener#y.HF*.#E are special

ways to measure acceleration only


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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

%ISPLACEMENT - MICRONS

VELOCITY - MM / SEC&

ACCELERATION - MM / SEC' ( G


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MONITORING

AMPLITUE ESCRIPTORS

$ RMS - %!sp)*eme+"

Veo*!",

$ PEAK - &.. RMS %!sp)*eme+"

Veo*!",

A**ee)"!o+

$ PEAK-TO-PEAK - ' 0 PEAK %!sp)*eme+"


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VI+ATI($

SE$SITIVIT. DISP#A*EME$T

VE#(*IT.

A**E#E+ATI($

'+E3"E$*.

*PM

45 455 4555 45555 455 555

65

6

6

56

556

),E$ T( "SE DISP#A*EME$T& VE#(*IT. 7 A**E#E+ATI($


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RE" VIBR"TION

Time

8sec9

Amplitude

(mm)

're;uency f

8,29

Amplitude

(mm)

Time Domain

're;uency Domain 1 Vibration Si!nature


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"p*itud+ & %r+,u+-/

"p*itud+0It is th+ a1-itud+ o2 Vi3ratio- si1-a*.U-its0 Miro- MMS+ MS+4

%r+,u+-/0$o5 a-/ ti+s osi**atio- is ourri-1

2or a 1i6+- ti+ p+riod7U-its0 C!S($8) C!M


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VIBRATION MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS

– "-a*/s+r 0 M+asur+s a** th+ thr++harat+ristis 6i8. "p*itud+ %r+,. a-d !has+

– M+t+r 0 M+asur+s o-*/ "p*itud+

Thus 5+ a- ha6+ METERS o2 6arious t/p+s

Disp*. "-d V+*oit/# Nora**/ us+s 6+*oit/pi9up

Disp*. V+*oit/ "+*+ratio- a-d B+ari-1Co-ditio-# Nora**/ us+s "+*+ro+t+r

Th+ h+art o2 th+ i-stru+-t is th+ s+-sor


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Vi3ratio- S+-sors

• "+*+ratio- S+-sor #"+*+ro+t+r

• V+*oit/ s+-sor : V+*oit/s+-sor or s+isi s+-sor

• Disp*a++-t s+-sor # No-

Co-tat pi9up

"ccelerometer


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"+*+ro+t+r

• !i+8o+*+triit/

• E2 proportio-a*

to 2or+• E2 proportio-a*

to a+*+ratio-

(Mass o-sta-t)• $+-+ a**+d

a+*+ro+t+r "ccelerometer


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"ccelerometer cont/

• Us+s pi+8o+*+tri r/sta*• Nora**/ us+s i-t+r-a* ap*i;+r 2or 3oosti-1 si1-a*• It 5i** ha6+ *o5 t+p app*iatio- up to d+1r++ C• %or hi1h t+p+ratur+ app*iatio- ap*i;+r is -ot 1i6+-

i-sid+

• This aus+s *o5 si1-a* str+-1th a-d 5+ us+ 1o*d p*at+do-tats a-d sa** a3*+ *+-1ths (output rat+d i- pp+r 1). Th+ ap*i;atio- is do-+ outsid+

• Nora* a+*+ro+t+r (ap*i;+r i-sid+) 5i** ha6+stro-1 si1-a* output a-d a- sustai- a3*+ *+-1ths o2?>> +t+r

• "6ai*a3*+ i- s+6+ra* d+si1- a- 1o 2ro DC to 9 $8

2r+, (@>>>>> C!M)• Ca- +asur+ "+*+ratio- 6+*oit/ a-d disp*a++-t• It is ad6is+d to i-6o*6+ supp*i+rs or p+rso-s

9-o5*+d1+a3*+ i- this ar+a to hoos+ a+*+ro+t+rs2or o- *i-+ o-itori-1 app*iatio-s


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!elocity sensor

Output012l2! 1 3 l are constant

Output is proportio-a* to 6+*oit/ h+-+ th+ -a+ V+*oit/ s+-sor

Coil

4a#net

4a#net

"luminum case

*amper

(prin#

Terminals


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!elocity sensor cont/

• This is sel #eneratin# 5678 mv per mm.sec9

• Can sustain ca%le len#th o :;;; eet easily

• For lon#er len#th intermediate ampli)cation

is needed

• The temperature ratin# is hi#her up to


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>on contact type


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>on contactsensor,nstallationin a Tur%ine


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"1(O@TE 1E"A,>G!,1A"T,O>

!EOC,TB TA">(*@CEA(E,(4,C 4"(( TB'E

Wor-s on '@>GEA CO, 'A,>C,'E

Two permanent ma#nets ri#idly )&ed tothe casin# with coils arran#ed as seismicmass

The Aelative motion %etween the coil andma#net #enerates volta#e proportional tovi%ration velocity


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"1(O@TE (H"FT!,1A"T,O>

• AE"T,!E (H"FT !,1A"T,O> ,( 1"(E* O> E**BC@AAE>T 'A,>C,'E

• 'AO,4OTB 'AO1E (E>(E( THE *,(T">CE1ETWEE> THE 'AO1E T,' ">* THE O1(EA!E*(@AF"CE

• 'AO,4ETEA GE>EA"TE( " FAED@E>CB(,G>"$ WH,CH ,( A"*,"TE* THAO@GH THE'AO1E T,' ,>TO THE O1(EA!E* (@AF"CE E**BC@AAE>T( "AE GE>EA"TE* ,> THE (@AF"CE">* O(( OF (TAE>GTH ,> THE AET@A>(,G>" ,( *ETECTE* 1B THE 'AO,4ETEA


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S$"%T & BE"RINGVIBR"TION !ICA U!


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BEARING ! S"AFT VIBRATION PIC# UP

MOUNTE ON BEARING NO$ % PEESTAL


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RECOMMENDED OC"TIONS O% VIBR"TIONME"SUREMENTS %OR !EDEST" BE"RINGS


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RECOMMENDED OC"TIONS O% VIBR"TIONME"SUREMENTS %OR $OUSING TY!E

BE"RINGS (


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M+asuri-1

"p*i;+r

=O =O

!roiit/!i9#up

A(H"FT

RECOMMENDED OC"TIONS O% S$"%T

VIBR"TION ME"SUREMENTS


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M+asuri-1

"p*i;+r

!roiit/!i9#up

A(H"FT

RECOMMENDED OC"TIONS O% S$"%T

VIBR"TION ME"SUREMENTS


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ECCE>TA,C,TB

• *E!,"T,O> OF 4"(( CE>TEA FAO4 THEGEO4ETA,C" CE>TAE OF THE 1E"A,>G

O@A>"• 'AO'OAT,O>" TO 4" AOTOA *EFECT,O>

OCC@A,>G "T THE 4,**E OF (H"FT

• 4E"(@AE* 1B !"A,"T,O>( OF "> "C

C@AAE>T ,> " CO, *@E TO !"A,"T,O> ,>'AO,4,TB OF T"AGET 4"TEA,"

,>*@CT,!E TA">(*@CEA

'AO,4,TB5E**B C@AAE>T9 TA">(*@CEA


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,>*@CT,!E TA">(*@CEA

• TWO 4"G>ET,C"B AE@CT">CE TB'E TA">(*@CEA( ,> 1A,*GECO>F,G@A"T,O>$ EC,TE* 1B :;! "C5:= H9

• 1A,*GE O@T'@T ,( 4O*@"TE* 1B "'EACE>T"GE 'AO'OAT,O>" TO "4O@>TOF ECCE>TA,C,TB W,TH " 4O*@"T,>GFAED@E>CB 'AO'OAT,O>" TO AOTOA('EE*

• *E4O*@"TOA$ F,TEA$"4',F,EA 3"4',T@*E *ETECTOA


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'AO,4,TB TA">(*@CEA

• (E>(E( THE *,(T">CE 1ETWEE> THE'AO1E T,' ">* O1(A!E* (@AF"CE

• 'AO,4ETEA GE>EA"TE( AF (,G>"$A"*,"TE* THAO@GH 'AO1E T,' ,>TOO1(EA!E* (@AF"CE

• E**B C@AAE>T( "AE GE>EA"TE* ,> THE(@AF"CE ">* THE O(( OF (TAE>GTH ,> THE AET@A> (,G>" ,( *ETECTE*

• O(( OF 'OWEA 'AO'OAT,O>" TO G"'1ETWEE> 'AO,4ETEA 3 CO>*@CT,!E1O*B

E&PANSION MEASURING


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E&PANSION MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS

OVERALL EXPANSION- POSITION TRANSMITTER

%IFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT

- PROXIMITY PROBE

AXIAL SHIFT MEASUREMENT

- PROXIMITY PROBE


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*,FFEAE>T," E'">(,O>

• THE *,FFEAE>CE OF "," E'">(,O>1ETWEE> THE AOTOA ">* THE C"(,>G

• 'O(,T,!E ,F (H"FT E'">*( 4OAE TH">C"(,>G$>EG"T,!E ,F C"(,>G E'">*( 4OAE

TH"> (H"FT• C"(,>G E'">(,O> 3 AOTOA E'">(,O>

4E"(@AE* (E'"A"TEB ">* *,FF E'">(,O>,( C"C@"TE*

• AOTOA E'">(,O> 4E"(@AE* "T H' FAO>T 3,' AE"A$ ' AE"A

• 4E"(@A,>G CO"A ,( ,> THE FOA4 OF*O@1E CO>E


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IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION 'FOR SMALL

E&PANSION( ) A&IAL S"IFT PIC# UP


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IP IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION PIC# UP

MOUNTE ON BEARING NO$ * PEESTAL


49/72

LP IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION PIC# UP



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C"(,>G E'">(,O>• 4E"(@AE4E>T C"AA,E* O@T "T H' C"(,>G

FAO>T 3 ,' C"(,>G O> THE AE"A (,*E• *,('"CE4E>T (E>(OA 4O@>TE* O> THE

'E*E(T" CO!EA ">* CO>>ECTE* TO THE

C"(,>G !," " AO'E THE OTHEA E>* OF THEAO'E ,( CO>>ECTE* TO " AOT"1E4E"(@A,>G *E!,CE

• AOT"1E 4E"(@A,>G *E!,CE AOT"TE(

ECCE>TA,C TO THE TWO (E>(OA CO,( WH,CHCAE"TE *,FFEAE>T ",A G"'( 1ETWEE> THE4E"(@A,>G *E!,CE ">* THE CO,(


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"," (H,FT OF AOTOA

• 4E"(@AE4E>T B,E*( ,>FOA4"T,O> O> THE 'O(,T,O> OF THE (H"FT ,> THE THA@(T 1E"A,>G ">* O> WE"A OF THE

1E"A,>G• "," (H,FT 1EBO>* 'EA4,((,1E ,4,T

WO@* E"* 4ECH">,C"

,>TEAFEAE>CE 3 (@AF"CE A@11,>G• 4E"(@AE* 1B E**B C@AAE>T 'A,>C,'E

• 4"(@AE4E>T A">GE ,( I:= TO := 44


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OVERALL E&PANSION PIC# UP


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OVERALL E&PANSION MOUNTE

ON BEARING NO$ + PEESTAL


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IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION 'FOR SMALL

E&PANSION( ) A&IAL S"IFT PIC# UP


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IP IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION PIC# UP

MOUNTE ON BEARING NO$ * PEESTAL


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A&IAL S"IFT MEASUREMENT AT IP COLLAR


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IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION 'FOR LARGE

E&PANSION( PIC# UP


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LP IFFERENTIAL E&PANSION PIC# UP


SPEE LOA MEASURING


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SPEE, LOA MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS

SPEE% / OVERSPEE%

- KEY PHASOR

- HALL PROBE

LOA% MEASUREMENT

- CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

- POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS


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('EE* (E>(OA

• 4echanical #overnor +Aadius o Jywheelchan#es due to chan#e in speed 5efect ocentriu#al orces9

• Hydraulic Governor+ Hydarulic pressuredeveloped %y the primary oil pumpchan#es due to chan#e in speed

• Electrical #overnor+ Three no hall pro%esupply volta#e pulse each timepermanent ma#net pass them


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('EE* 4E"(@AE4E>T

• CO>(,(T( OF (OTTE* *,(C5F,TTE* "T THE T@A1,>E (H"FT9 W,TH 7; A"*,"(OT( ">* 4"G>ET,C 'AO1E5H"'AO1E9 4O@>TE* F"C,>G THE (OT(

• 8 >O OF H" 'AO1E($ @(E*$ : ('"AE

• '@(E CO>!EATEA W,TH ,(O"TE*O@T'@T( 5< "AE @(E*9

• < CH">>E 4E"(@AE4E>T(


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"ALL PROBE


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"ALL PROBE IN BEARING NO$ + PEESTAL


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OVERSPEE TRIP BOLTS IN BEARING NO$ + PEESTAL

PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, FLO-


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PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, FLO-

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT- PRESSURE TRANSMITTER

VACUUM MEASUREMENT

- KENETOMETER - MERCURY MANOMETER

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

- TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER( THERMOCOUPLE( RT%

FLO3 MEASUREMENT

- FLO3 NO44LES( ORIFICES


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T"ERMOCOUPLE

IN .OURNAL BEARING


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T"ERMOCOUPLE

BABBIT METAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

IN COMBINE .OURNAL ) T"RUST BEARING


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T"RUST PA ARRANGEMENT AN T"ERMOCOUPLE

LOCATION IN COMBINE T"RUST AN .OURNAL BEARING

T"ERMOCOUPLE


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!"!E 'O(,T,O>

• >O> CO>T"CT *,('"CE4E>T 4E"(@A,>GED@,'4E>T

• CO>(,(T( OF " (E>(OA W,TH TWO 'A,4"AB3 (ECO>*"AB CO,( ">* " (HOAT,>G A,>G

• THE (HOAT,>G A,>G ,( "TT"CHE* TO THE!"!E (TE4 ">* 4O!E( O!EA THE4"G>ET,C COAE

• 4O!E4E>T OF (HOAT,>G A,>G C"@(E(GE>EA"T,O> OF 'O(,T,O> *E'E>*E>T

O@T'@T !OT"GE ,> THE (ECO>*"AB CO,(


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TH">K BO@

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