Explaining Stroke

www.viachristi.org/stroke

www.viachristi.org/survivestroke

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Objectives

Definition of a stroke Act F.A.S.T.by recognizing & responding

to the signs of stroke. Treatment for stroke Primary and secondary stroke

prevention

Stroke Facts

3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. 4th leading cause of death in Kansas One stroke occurs every 40 seconds Leading cause of disability in the U.S 80% of stroke are preventable by reducing

your risk. Anyone can have a stroke

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Women & Stroke Facts

Kills twice as many women every year than breast cancer.

More women than men die from stroke Women suffer greater disability than men

after a stroke

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Even Celebrities have strokes

Gene Kelly Kirk Douglas Zsa Zsa Gabor Barry White Luther Vandross Sharon Stone Bret Michaels Teddy Bruschi

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Leonardo di Vinci Johann Sebastian Bach Charles Dickens Groucho Marx Al Capone Grace Kelly Betty Davis Lucille Ball

What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs when the blood flow to part of the brain suddenly stops due to a blocked or burst blood vessel.

When the blood stops, oxygen cannot circulate to that area of the brain and may cause part of the brain to die.

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Types of Stroke - Ischemic

Blockage in an artery

1. Embolic♦ Blood clot or plaque forms

in the body and travels through the blood stream to the brain.

2. Thrombotic♦ Fatty deposits develop in

the lining of the blood vessel wall which narrows the blood vessel.

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Types of Stroke - Hemorrhagic

Weakened blood vessel breaks & bleeding occurs in the brain.

1. Intracerebral Hemorrhage♦ Burst blood vessel bleeds

into the brain, causing brain cell to die.

2. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage♦ Blood vessel bursts near the

surface of the brain causing blood to pour into the area around the outside of the brain. Bleeding causes pressure and leads to injured brain cells. (Usually a result of an aneurysm)

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Transient Ischemic Attach (TIA)

“Mini stroke” Just like a stroke, only it lasts for a very

short time (minutes to hours) Leaves no permanent damage Warning sign of a future stroke

♦ Up to 40% will have a future stroke

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Stroke Symptoms – “Suddens”

Any sudden: Numbness of the face, arm, or leg Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding Trouble seeing in one or both eyes Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or

coordination Severe headache

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Act F.A.S.T.

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Treatments – Ischemic Stroke (clot)

Clot busting medication (tPA) Should be given within

3-4.5 hours of the time they were last known well without symptoms.

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Time Lost is Brain LostEvery minute 2 million brain cells die.

Treatments – Ischemic Stroke (clot)

Before After

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Clot Removal Devices

Treatments – Hemorrhagic Stroke

Clipping Coiling

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Controllable Risk Factors

High blood pressure♦ #1 cause of stroke♦ > 140/90 is too high

Tobacco use♦ Nicotine and carbon monoxide

damages blood vessels♦ Doubles risk for stroke

Diabetes♦ Leads to disease of blood

vessels in the brain.

Alcohol♦ Raises blood pressure♦ Limit to one/day♦ Binge drinking can lead to

stroke

High blood cholesterol♦ Increases risk of clogged

arteries♦ > 240 is too high

Physical inactivity & obesity♦ Increases risk of cardiovascular

disease

Atrial fibrillation & heart disease

♦ Irregular heart beats and incomplete emptying of the heart can allow blood to pool and clot.

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Uncontrollable Risk Factors …

Age♦ Risk doubles every decade after

the age of 55 (although can happen to anyone)

Race♦ African American twice the risk

compared to Caucasians.♦ Hispanic and Asian higher risk

than Caucasians.

Previous stroke or TIA

Family History – ♦ Your risk of stroke is higher if

your parent, grandparent, sister, or brother has had a stroke

Autoimmune Disorders – ♦ (such as Lupus) increase the risk

of stroke.

Clotting Disorders – ♦ (such as: thrombophilia, Protiein C

deficiency, Factor V Leiden, Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), etc.)

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Uncontrollable Risk Factors Cont.

Hole in the heart (PFO)♦ Patent Foramen Ovale♦ 1 in 5 have♦ All people are born with flap-like openings in their hearts and the opening

usually closes by itself shortly after birth. In some people, an open flap remains in the heart.

♦ This opening can allow a blood clot to travel through the flap and to the brain, causing a stroke.

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Closing

Know your risk factors (>80% of strokes are preventable)

Know the signs of stroke Dial 911

www.viachristi.org/stroke

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Via Christi Stroke Trends by Age

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5-14 15-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85-94 95 >

-10.0%

-8.0%

-6.0%

-4.0%

-2.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

3.0% 4.3% 5.1%

-8.5%

% Increase Total Strokes 2007-2011 by Age

Via Christi Stroke Trends

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Bibliography

stroke.org

heart.org

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