vi alacpa airport pavements seminar & ivalacpa.org/index_archivos/alacpa-spaulo-oct09a.pdf · 4...

VI ALACPA Airport Pavements Seminar & IV FAA Workshop

““Structural Evaluation & Structural Evaluation & Rehabilitation of Airfield Rehabilitation of Airfield Pavements: An OverviewPavements: An Overview””

Dr. S. Hautequest Cardoso, Ph.D. Senior International Consultant

SãoSão Paulo, 26 Paulo, 26 OctoberOctober 20092009

Structural Evaluation & Rehabilitation of Structural Evaluation & Rehabilitation of Airfield Pavements: An OverviewAirfield Pavements: An Overview

IntroductionIntroduction

Structural Evaluation of Airfield PavementStructural Evaluation of Airfield Pavement

Airport Operator DilemmaAirport Operator Dilemma

Pavement RehabilitationPavement Rehabilitation

FAA Evaluation ProcessFAA Evaluation Process

Summary & ConclusionSummary & Conclusion

RehabilitationRehabilitation

ReconstructionReconstruction


FAIL.FAIL.

REG.REG.

EXC.EXC.

V. POORV. POOR

40% 40% 75% LIFE75% LIFE

$1.00 $1.00

40% 40%

12%12%

$4.00 TO $ 5.00 $4.00 TO $ 5.00

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

TIMETIME


RoutineRoutine

PreventivePreventive


Systematic collection and analysis of data Systematic collection and analysis of data needed to make decisionsneeded to make decisions

That quality of a thing according to which it is That quality of a thing according to which it is thought of as being more or less desirablethought of as being more or less desirable

What is evaluation?What is evaluation?

To estimate the value ofTo estimate the value of……



Pavement evaluation procedures are Pavement evaluation procedures are essentially the reverse of design proceduresessentially the reverse of design procedures

What is Structural Evaluation of What is Structural Evaluation of Airfield Pavement?Airfield Pavement?



Why Evaluate Airfield Pavement?Why Evaluate Airfield Pavement?


••

Original design life is worn outOriginal design life is worn out

••

Pavement damaged due to overloadPavement damaged due to overload

••

Pavement in good condition to be Pavement in good condition to be used by heavier aircraftused by heavier aircraft

••

To report load capacity (PCN)To report load capacity (PCN)


Why Rehabilitate Airfield Pavement?Why Rehabilitate Airfield Pavement?


••

When life is When life is ““worn outworn out””

••

Poor surface conditions or materialPoor surface conditions or material-- related distressesrelated distresses

••

When pavement is overloaded in a When pavement is overloaded in a certain way that it is not economically to certain way that it is not economically to maintain at serviceable levelmaintain at serviceable level

••

When it is required to operate heavier When it is required to operate heavier aircraft, etc.aircraft, etc.


What is allowed What is allowed for the same for the same pavement?pavement?


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cessna150taildraggerC-GOCB02.jpg

http://www.airplane-pictures.net/image65979.html


Airport management

Bankruptcy

Catastrophe


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cessna150taildraggerC-GOCB02.jpg

http://www.airplane-pictures.net/image65979.html


Airport management

Overloaded pavementsOverloaded pavementsBankruptcyBankruptcy

Safety/accidentsSafety/accidents

FOD, roughness, skid FOD, roughness, skid resistance, rut depthresistance, rut depth

UnderloadedUnderloaded pavementspavements



Levels of evaluationLevels of evaluation

Structural Evaluation of Airfield Pavement Structural Evaluation of Airfield Pavement

One One particular particular

branchbranch

Entire airport or Entire airport or airports network airports network

Project levelProject levelNetwork levelNetwork level



Aircraft loadsAircraft loadsMaterial properties Material properties Aircraft mix Aircraft mix EnvironmentEnvironment

What should considerWhat should consider

Sound Theory: Sound Theory: MLET MLET FEM for linear or nonFEM for linear or non--

linear elastic material linear elastic material behaviorsbehaviors


Where we areWhere we are

Where we wereWhere we were

Where we are going toWhere we are going to


Past, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/38/27138-004-5BF3FA3E.jpg



Past: Where we werePast: Where we were



Present: Where we arePresent: Where we are



Future: Future: Where we are going toWhere we are going to



(b) Site Inspection(b) Site Inspection

(a) Records research(a) Records research

(c) Sampling & testing(c) Sampling & testing

(1) Direct sampling procedure(1) Direct sampling procedure

(2) NDT(2) NDT


(e) Evaluation Report(e) Evaluation Report

(d) PCI(d) PCI

(2) NDT(2) NDT

2.1 FWD/HWD2.1 FWD/HWD

2.2 GPR2.2 GPR

2.3 Infrared 2.3 Infrared thermographythermography (delaminating of PCC)(delaminating of PCC)



Flexible PavementFlexible Pavement

t, t, μμ, E, EACACGBGB

SBSBCBRCBR

SGSG



Rigid PavementRigid Pavement

Layer thicknessesLayer thicknesses

Concrete flexural Concrete flexural strengthstrength

SubgradeSubgrade modulus or Kmodulus or K

Layer materialLayer material

KE 284.126=

PCCPCC

slabslab

SBSB

SGSG




Increase life Increase life and/or and/or

improve load improve load capacitycapacity

Structural enhancements that:Structural enhancements that:

Includes: Restoration Includes: Restoration treatments & treatments &

structural overlaysstructural overlays



Techniques for Flexible PavementsTechniques for Flexible Pavements

••

HMA overlayHMA overlay

••

Surface treatmentSurface treatment

••

GeosyntheticsGeosynthetics

in HMAin HMA

••

GeosyntheticsGeosynthetics

in basesin bases

••

Concrete overlaysConcrete overlays

••

Reducing PCC into base/Reducing PCC into base/subbasesubbase

materialsmaterials

••

InIn--place surfacing recyclingplace surfacing recycling

••

FullFull--depth reclamation (FDR)/Recyclingdepth reclamation (FDR)/Recycling



AC Cold Recycling AC Cold Recycling (Not as wearing course)(Not as wearing course)

CIR/CCPR CIR/CCPR

FDR FDR

CIR/FOAMED CIR/FOAMED

PoorPoor

TimeTime

ConditionCondition

GoodGood



CIR recycling train (CIR recycling train (HajekHajek

et alet al, 2005), 2005)

FDR FDR ––

FullFull--Depth ReclamationDepth Reclamation



Hot InHot In--Place RecyclingPlace Recycling

HCPR HCPR ––

Hot Central Plant Recycling (applied to airfield Hot Central Plant Recycling (applied to airfield

pavement surface course (FAA recommends maximum pavement surface course (FAA recommends maximum 15 % of recycled material)15 % of recycled material)

HIR HIR ––





HIRHIR

HIR Type I (Surface Recycling) HIR Type I (Surface Recycling) ––

Hot InHot In--Place Recycling Place Recycling

(add recycling agent but no new aggregates)(add recycling agent but no new aggregates)

HIR Type II (Remixing) HIR Type II (Remixing) ––

Add new aggregates and Add new aggregates and

recycling agent (good for increasing thickness)recycling agent (good for increasing thickness)

HIR Type III (Repaving) HIR Type III (Repaving) ––

Combination of surface Combination of surface

recycling + remixing (uses new HMA as wearing course)recycling + remixing (uses new HMA as wearing course)



Techniques for Rigid PavementsTechniques for Rigid Pavements

•• FullFull--depth repairdepth repair

•• Partial depth repairPartial depth repair

•• Bonded concrete overlayBonded concrete overlay

•• UnbondedUnbonded

concrete overlayconcrete overlay

•• Partially concrete overlayPartially concrete overlay

•• Dowell bar retrofitDowell bar retrofit

•• Joint repair & diamond Joint repair & diamond gridinggriding

•• Structural Structural microconcretemicroconcrete



PCC Recycling ProcessPCC Recycling Process

BreakBreak--andand--Seat Seat ––

(1 to 4 ft) & seated firmly in place (HMA (1 to 4 ft) & seated firmly in place (HMA

overlay; PCC not common)overlay; PCC not common)

CrackCrack--andand--Seat Seat ––

(2 to 6 in) & seated firmly in place (2 to 6 in) & seated firmly in place

(Overlay HMA 4 to 8 in) (Overlay HMA 4 to 8 in)

RubblizationRubblization

––

SandSand--sized particles up to 6 in sized particles up to 6 in

interconnected (base course for new HMA & PCC) interconnected (base course for new HMA & PCC)

Recycled Concrete Aggregate Recycled Concrete Aggregate ––

Crushing, sizing & Crushing, sizing &

steel removal (unbound base/steel removal (unbound base/subbasesubbase

layers, asphalt or layers, asphalt or

cement treated layers, lean concrete base, etc.) cement treated layers, lean concrete base, etc.) (not (not permitted in the military permitted in the military ––

USA)USA)



PCC Recycling PCC Recycling ––

RubblizationRubblization

ProcessProcess


ConclusionConclusion

YearsYears

8080

6060

4040

2020

00

100100

PCIPCI RoutineRoutine

PreventivePreventive

RehabilitationRehabilitation

ReconstructionReconstruction

Ria Slides

Creo que el triunfo es el resultado del esfuerzo inteligente, que no depende de suerte, de magia, de amigos,

compañeros dudosos o de jefes.

Creo que el triunfo es el resultado del esfuerzo inteligente, Creo que el triunfo es el resultado del esfuerzo inteligente, que no depende de suerte, de magia, de amigos, que no depende de suerte, de magia, de amigos,

compacompaññeros dudosos o de jefes. eros dudosos o de jefes.

vi alacpa airport pavements seminar & ivalacpa.org/index_archivos/alacpa-spaulo-oct09a.pdf · 4...

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