VFR FLIGHT

IVAO Tunisia Division

VFR FLIGHT DEFINITIONVisual flight rules (VFR) are a set of

regulations which allow a pilot to operate an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minimums, as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. If the weather is worse than VFR minimums, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules.

VFR require a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's attitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft.

To avoid collisions, the VFR pilot is expected to "see and avoid" obstacles and other aircraft. Pilots flying under VFR assume responsibility for their separation from all other aircraft and are generally not assigned routes or altitudes by air traffic control. Near busier airports, and while operating within certain types of airspace, VFR aircraft are required to have a transponder to help identify the aircraft on radar. Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.

VMC CONDITIONS Weather conditions in which visual flight

rules apply. It is expressed in terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance from clouds along the path of flight.

Distance from cloud 1500 m horizontally 300 m (1000 ft) vertically .

Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface Flight visibility 5 km or more.

VFR FLIGHT PATTERN

Aircraft Structure

AIRCRAFT AXIS

How aircraft can fly?it is important to understand basic

aerodynamic concepts. Four forces act upon an aircraft in relation to

straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight. These forces are thrust, lift, weight, and drag.

Thrust is the forward force produced by the powerplant/propeller. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. As a general rule, it is said to act parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Airfoil Design

A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a surface force on it. Lift is defined to be the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is defined to be the component of the surface force parallel to the flow direction

LIFT DEFINITION

angle of attack

BASIC FLIGHT INSTUMENTS