vfr basics

7/28/2019 Vfr Basics

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Take-off LEG 1 : Basic VFRTake-off LEG 1 : Basic VFR

IntroductionIntroduction

What is a VFR-flight?What is a VFR-flight?

VFR in Uncontrolled andVFR in Uncontrolled and

Controlled airspaceControlled airspace

How to fly VFR in FS?How to fly VFR in FS?How to say it? (phraseology)How to say it? (phraseology)


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What is typical for a VFR flight?What is typical for a VFR flight?


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Navigation along roads, rivers,Navigation along roads, rivers,mountains, towns, navaids etc...mountains, towns, navaids etc...

by looking outside the cockpitby looking outside the cockpit


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Remain outside clouds in VisualRemain outside clouds in Visual

Meteorological Conditions (VMC)Meteorological Conditions (VMC)


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Visual separationVisual separation


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Visual Traffic CircuitVisual Traffic Circuit


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Standard CircuitStandard Circuit

LEFT turnsLEFT turns

1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)

BUTBUT

Jets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGLJets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGL


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WIND

CROSSWIND

UPWIND

DOWNWIND

FINAL

BASE

500 ftAGL

1000 ft AGL

500 ftAGL

STARTDescenthere


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Righthand CircuitRighthand Circuit

RIGHT TURNSRIGHT TURNS

1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)BUTBUT

Jets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGLJets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGL


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RIGHTHAND

CROSSWIND

WIND

UPWIND

RIGHTHAND DOWNWIND

FINAL

RIGHTHAND

BASE

500 ft

AGL

1000 ftAGL

500 ft

AGL

START

D

ESCE

NT

HERE


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VFR flightVFR flight

OUTSIDE CONTROLLED airspaceOUTSIDE CONTROLLED airspace


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MINIMUM Flight Visibility:MINIMUM Flight Visibility:

5km5km above 3000ft night and dayabove 3000ft night and day

1500m1500m 3000ft or below, day only, Local3000ft or below, day only, Local

800m800m for helicopters below 1000ftfor helicopters below 1000ft

AND - remain outside cloudsAND - remain outside clouds- always ground or- always ground or

water in sightwater in sight


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Flight in 5 Km Visibility at 3000 ft

Flight in 1500 m Visibility


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Minimum height for VFR flight:Minimum height for VFR flight:(except for take-off and landing)(except for take-off and landing)

Over populated areas:Over populated areas: 1000ft1000ft

300ft for helicopters300ft for helicopters

Elsewhere :Elsewhere : 500ft500ft



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Cruising levelCruising level

Up to 3000 AGL included:Up to 3000 AGL included:

ANY altitude: 1255 ft, 2076 ft... etcANY altitude: 1255 ft, 2076 ft... etc

above 3000 AGL:above 3000 AGL:

select aselect a VFRVFR cruising level accordingcruising level accordingthe magnetic track:the magnetic track:

3500 ft, 4500ft, FL55, etc...3500 ft, 4500ft, FL55, etc...

NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!


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Table of cruising levelsTable of cruising levels

000

179

359

180

VFR

3500 ft

FL 55

FL 75

FL 95

FL 115

FL 135

FL 155FL 175

FL 195

VFR

4500 ft

FL 65FL 85

FL 105

FL 125

FL 145

FL 165

FL 185

Magnetic TracK

EVEN

Levels

ODD

levels


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GENERAL RULES:GENERAL RULES:

Avoiding CollisionsAvoiding Collisions


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Navigation lightsNavigation lights


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Right of way on the APRONRight of way on the APRON


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Right of way in the AIRRight of way in the AIR


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HAS

PRIORITYOVER

Right-of-wayRight-of-way


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Head-on on the apronHead-on on the apron

Head on in the AIRHead on in the AIR


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Head-on in the AIRHead-on in the AIR


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Overtaking on the APRONOvertaking on the APRON


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Overtaking in the AIROvertaking in the AIR


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On FinalOn Final


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VFR flightVFR flight

in CONTROLLED airspacein CONTROLLED airspace


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Minimum Flight visibility:Minimum Flight visibility:

5km5km below FL100below FL1008 km above FL1008 km above FL100

Minimum Distance from clouds:Minimum Distance from clouds:

1500m1500m horizontalhorizontal

1000ft1000ft verticalvertical


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Minimum height for VFR flight:Minimum height for VFR flight:(except for take-off and landing)(except for take-off and landing)

Over populated areas:Over populated areas: 1000ft1000ft


Elsewhere :Elsewhere : 500ft500ft


NO VFR fli ht i CTR h


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NO VFR flights in a CTR whenNO VFR flights in a CTR whenbelow VMC:below VMC:

CLOUD BKN (broken) or OVC (overcast)CLOUD BKN (broken) or OVC (overcast)

belowbelow 1500ft1500ft

OROR

VISIBILITY less thanVISIBILITY less than 5km5km


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VMC Minima:VMC Minima:

1500 ft

CLOUDBASE

BROKEN

or

OVERCAST

VISIBILITY 5km or more

AND

NOT

BELOW

C t lli VFR fli htControlling VFR flights


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Controlling VFR flights:Controlling VFR flights: NO HEADINGSNO HEADINGS to a VFR Flightto a VFR Flight

EXCEPTEXCEPT if PILOT REQUESTS!if PILOT REQUESTS!

Use VFR reporting points orUse VFR reporting points or

compass-rose directions (E, NW, N, SE)compass-rose directions (E, NW, N, SE)

Keep VFR pilots clear of cloudsKeep VFR pilots clear of clouds

Give Traffic Information for VisualGive Traffic Information for Visual

SeparationSeparation


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5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFRexcept near an aerodrome if:except near an aerodrome if:

ATC sees bothATC sees both VFR and IFR aircraftVFR and IFR aircraft

Both VFR and IFRBoth VFR and IFR can see each othercan see each other

SecondSecond aircraftaircraft has first in sighthas first in sight

Traffic Information between VFRTraffic Information between VFR

Separation from other TrafficSeparation from other Traffic


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Cruising levelCruising level

select anselect an IFRIFR cruising level according thecruising level according themagnetic track:magnetic track:

2000 ft, 3000 ft, FL80, FL110, etc...2000 ft, 3000 ft, FL80, FL110, etc...

NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!

fT bl f i i l l


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Table of cruising levelsTable of cruising levels

000

179

359

180

1000 ft

3000 ft

FL 50

FL 70FL 90

FL 110

FL 130

FL 150FL 170

FL 190

2000 ft

4000 ft

FL 60

FL 80

FL 100

FL 120

FL 140

FL 160

FL 180

Magnetic TracK

EVEN

Levels

ODD

levels


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VFR ON IVAOVFR ON IVAO

ALWAYS OK WHEN :ALWAYS OK WHEN :

5 Km5 Kmvisibilityvisibility OUTSIDE CLOUDSOUTSIDE CLOUDS

1000 feet1000 feetabove terrainabove terrain


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Planning a routePlanning a route


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Check METAR / TAF of:Check METAR / TAF of:

Departure /Destination /AlternateDeparture /Destination /Alternate(VFR minima)(VFR minima)

Runway-in-use: Departure / DestinationRunway-in-use: Departure / Destination

VFR routes IN/OUT VFR routes IN/OUT

En-route planningEn-route planning


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VFR Routes IN/OUT VFR Routes IN/OUT

Select a VFR route or points to leave theSelect a VFR route or points to leave thecircuit or airspace at the aerodrome ofcircuit or airspace at the aerodrome ofdeparturedeparture

Search for circuit or airspace entry pointsSearch for circuit or airspace entry pointsat destinationat destination

Prepare a route along which to navigatePrepare a route along which to navigate


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Prepare your Flight PlanPrepare your Flight Plan

www.nav2000.comwww.nav2000.com

www.routenet.bewww.routenet.be

www.IVAO.aero/bewww.IVAO.aero/be: Brussels FIR: Charts: Brussels FIR: Charts

Ivae (METAR)Ivae (METAR)
http://www.nav2000.com/http://www.nav2000.com/http://www.routenet.be/http://www.routenet.be/http://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.routenet.be/http://www.nav2000.com/


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Brussels FIR Airspace classBrussels FIR Airspace class


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Brussels FIR Airspace class.Brussels FIR Airspace class.


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VFR Navigation in FSVFR Navigation in FS


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Visual Circuit RWY 06Visual Circuit RWY 06


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Visual Circuit RWY 06Visual Circuit RWY 06

500ft

ABV

Circuit

Arrived at EBKTArrived at EBKT


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Arrived at EBKTArrived at EBKT

CHEERS!

SANTE!!

CONGRATULATIONS!


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VFR Separation from other TrafficVFR Separation from other Traffic

in VMCin VMC

5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFR


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5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFR

except near an aerodrome if:except near an aerodrome if:

ATC sees bothATC sees both VFR and IFR aircraftVFR and IFR aircraft

Both VFR and IFRBoth VFR and IFR can see each othercan see each other

SecondSecond aircraftaircraft has first in sighthas first in sight

ANDAND VFR pilot can maintain OWN SEPARATIONVFR pilot can maintain OWN SEPARATION

Traffic Information between VFRTraffic Information between VFR

T ffi I f ti


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Traffic InformationTraffic Information

Traffic ...Traffic ... .... o'clock (where?).... o'clock (where?)

.... NM (how far?).... NM (how far?)

from left to right (or vice versa)from left to right (or vice versa)

.... feet/Flight Level/same level.... feet/Flight Level/same level

(how high?)(how high?) .... (what type?).... (what type?)

Report Final as number 2Report Final as number 2


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12

Orbit RIGHT or LEFTOrbit RIGHT or LEFT


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EXTEND (RIGHTH ) DOWNWINDEXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWIND


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EXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWINDEXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWIND


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SPECIAL VFR FlightSPECIAL VFR Flight

BEST AVOID AS NEWBE!BEST AVOID AS NEWBE!

When in Special VFR Conditions?When in Special VFR Conditions?


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When in Special VFR Conditions?When in Special VFR Conditions?

CloudbaseOvercast

OR

Broken

Below 1500 ft

Visibility less than 5 KM

AND / OR

Minima for Special VFRMinima for Special VFR


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Minima for Special VFRMinima for Special VFR

1500 m1500 m VISIBILITY or moreVISIBILITY or more

800 m for HELICOPTERS800 m for HELICOPTERS

ALWAYS GROUND or WATERALWAYS GROUND or WATER in sightin sight

Clearance for Special VFR FLTClearance for Special VFR FLT


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Special Authorisation by ATC to:Special Authorisation by ATC to:

Enter CTR for landingEnter CTR for landing

Take-off and leave CTRTake-off and leave CTR

Join Traffic CircuitJoin Traffic Circuit

by DAYby DAY

Given to each pilot individuallyGiven to each pilot individually

ATC must separate each Special VFRATC must separate each Special VFRflight from all other traffic:flight from all other traffic:

5 NM or5 NM or

1000 feet1000 feet

1 Special VFR at the Time!1 Special VFR at the Time!


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pp


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Phraseology (Aviation English):Phraseology (Aviation English):

www.jonckers.org/atcwikiwww.jonckers.org/atcwiki

VFR Document by Bob van der FlierVFR Document by Bob van der Flier
http://www.jonckers.org/atcwikihttp://www.jonckers.org/atcwikihttp://www.jonckers.org/atcwiki

vfr basics

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