Example of Bone Marrow Evaluation and InterpretationTable 1. Reference Intervals for Hematology Values in

Domestic AnimalsTable 2. Variations in Reference Intervals for Hematology

Values by Age: Beagle Dogs, 3 to 14 Years OldTable 3. Erythrocyte Changes during Pregnancy in Beagles,

Brittany Spaniels, and Labrador RetrieversTable 4. Hematology Values for Growing Healthy Beagle

Dogs from Birth to 8 Weeks of AgeTable 5. Hematology Values for Growing Healthy Kittens

from Birth to 17 Weeks of AgeTable 6. Erythrograms of Foals up to 1 Year of AgeTable 7. Leukograms of Foals up to 1 Year of Age

EXA M P LE O F B O N E M A R ROW EVA LUAT I O N A N D I N T ER P R E TAT I O N

Patient: A 9-year-old castrated male mixed-breed cat.History: Decreased appetite, lethargy, and weight loss were

recognized 2 weeks ago. The referring veterinarian diag-nosed severe periodontal disease. Four teeth were pulled and antibiotic therapy was initiated. The animal had inter-mittent fever, exhibited variable anorexia, became dehy-drated, and was referred to the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital for evaluation.

Clinical Findings: The cat was lethargic, slightly dehydrated, and thin, with a dry hair coat. The gums were hyperemic in association with continuing periodontal disease.

Laboratory Findings: Abnormal hematology findings included a hematocrit of 27% and total leukocyte count of 1300/µL, most of which were lymphocytes. Platelets were not counted but numbers appeared normal during stained blood film examination. Erythrocyte morphology was normal. Urinalysis and clinical chemistry values were within normal limits. The FeLV test was negative but the FIV test was positive.

Evaluation of Bone Marrow Aspirate Smear13% Immature myeloid

cellsa4% Immature erythroid

cellsb

63% Mature myeloid cells 13% Mature erythroid cells1% Eosinophilic cells 4% Lymphocytes<1% Monocytoid cells <1% Plasma cellsM : E ratio = 4.5

Multiple particles were present and their cellularity appeared to be increased. Megakaryocyte numbers appeared normal, and most were mature. The myeloid series was left-shifted, with a depletion of mature neutrophils. The erythroid series was complete, with orderly maturation, but a decreased amount of polychromasia was present. Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages were present in normal numbers. Hemosiderin was not observed, but this is a normal finding in cats. Erythrophagocytosis and leuko-phagocytosis were rarely observed.

Interpretation: Granulocytic hyperplasia with abnormal maturation.

Comment: An increased M : E ratio in a severely leukopenic, mildly anemic animal with hypercellular marrow and dis-ordered myeloid maturation is most likely secondary to FIV infection in this cat. This pattern could also be detected transiently during a recovery phase after severe granulo-cytic depletion, although this is less likely based on the history. If the animal is in a recovery phase from neutro-penia, the leukocyte count should increase in the peripheral blood within a few days.

A P P E N D I X

ITables

328

bImmature erythroid cells include rubriblasts and prorubricytes. Mature ery-throid cells include basophilic rubricytes, polychromatophilic rubricytes, and metarubricytes.

aImmature myeloid cells include myeloblasts and promyelocytes. Mature myeloid cells include neutrophilic myelocytes, neutrophilic metamyelocytes, neutrophilic bands, and mature neutrophils.

A p p en d i x i n Tables 329

Test UnitsDogsa Catsa Horsesa Cowsb Pigsc Goatsd

(N = 130) (N = 45) (N = 70) (58) (99) (NR)Hematocrit % 40-56 34-51 30-44 22-32 34-44 22-38RBC ×106/µL 5.7-8.3 7.4-10.4 6.6-11.0 5.1-7.6 6.4-8.4 8.0-18.0Hemoglobin g/dL 14-20 11-16 11-16 8-12 10-14 8-12MCV fL 64-74 42-52 38-51 38-50 49-59 16-25MCH pg 22-26 13-17 13-19 14-18 NR 5.2-8.0MCHC g/dL 33-38 30-33 35-39 36-39 29-33 30-36RDW (%) 11-14 13-16 16-21 16-20 15-24 NRReticulocytes ×103/µL 8-65 8-57 0 0 NR 0Platelets ×103/µL 134-396 160-502 100-308 193-637 211-887 300-600MPV fL 10-15 10-22 5.9-9.9 4.5-7.5 NR NRIcterus indexe Units <5 <5 5-20 2-15 <5 2-5Plasma proteine g/dL 6.0-8.0 6.2-8.0 6.0-8.0 7.0-8.5 6.0-8.0 6.0-7.5Fibrinogene mg/dL 100-400 100-300 100-400 300-700 100-500 100-400Total leukocytes ×103/µL 5.0-13.0 5.4-15.4 5.6-11.6 4.9-12.0 15.6-38.9 4.0-13.0Bands ×103/µL 0-0.3 0-0.3 0-0.1 Rare NR RareNeutrophils ×103/µL 2.7-8.9 2.3-9.8 2.6-6.7 1.8-6.3 3.0-17.4 1.2-7.2Lymphocytes ×103/µL 0.9-3.4 0.9-5.5 1.1-5.7 1.6-5.6 7.7-20.4 2.0-9.0Monocytes ×103/µL 0.1-0.8 0-0.8 0-0.7 0-0.8 0.6-3.4 0-0.6Eosinophils ×103/µL 0.1-1.3 0-1.8 0-0.6 0-0.9 0.1-2.3 0.1-0.7Basophils ×103/µL 0-0.1 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.3 0.1-0.3 0-0.1

RBC, red blood cell count; MCV, mean cell volume; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; NR, not reported.aData from adult dogs, cats, and horses were determined at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. Total leukocyte counts, erythrocyte param-eters, and platelet values were measured from healthy adult animals of both sexes and various breeds using an Advia 120 hematology analyzer. Greyhounds and other sighthounds were excluded. Thoroughbred and quarter horses in equal numbers accounted for about 90% of the hot-blooded horses studied. Reticu-locyte counts represent the minimum and maximum values measured from 58 dogs and 41 cats. The Advia 120 counts primarily aggregate reticulocytes in cats. These automated platelet counts are lower than reference values reported for manual platelet counts in dogs (200-500 × 103/µL) and cats (300-800 × 103/µL). Leukocyte differential counts were performed manually by classifying 200 leukocytes in each stained blood film.bMeasurements from bovine leukemia virus-negative adult dairy cows in mid-lactation were performed using an Advia 120 hematology analyzer and manual differential leukocyte counts. (From George JW, Snipes J, Lane VM. Comparison of bovine hematology reference intervals from 1957 to 2006. Vet Clin Pathol. 2010;39:138-148.)cMeasurements from crossbred grower pigs weighing between 30 and 50 kg were performed using an Advia 2120 hematology analyzer. (From Klem TB, Bleken E, Morberg H, Thoresen SI, Framstad T. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for Norwegian crossbred grower pigs. Vet Clin Pathol. 2010;39:221-226.)dThe goat population sampled and hematology analyzer(s) used were not given. The hematocrits were determined using microhematocrit tubes and leukocyte differential counts were determined by examining stained blood films. (From Jain NC. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.)eTotal protein, fibrinogen, and icterus index values were determined using manual methods. (From Jain NC. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.)

Table 1Reference Intervals for Hematology Values in Domestic Animals

330 VeTeRinARYHeMATOLOGY

Laboratory Testa 3 Years 6 Years 9 Years 12 Years 14 YearsRBC (×106/µL) 6.6-7.8 6.5-7.6 5.9-7.4 6.1-7.3 5.7-7.1Hemoglobin (g/dL) 15-18 16-18 14-18 14-17 14-17PCV (%) 43-50 44-49 38-50 40-49 40-47Band neutrophils/µL 0 0 0-63 0-68 0-54Segmented neutrophils/µL 3944-9287 3605-7724 4207-7217 4724-9587 4464-10,255Lymphocytes/µL 2185-3318 1334-2467 1667-2702 1676-2658 1628-2453Monocytes/µL 101-769 173-626 149-620 181-521 189-688Eosinophils/µL 208-1010 217-500 275-711 99-721 201-408Basophils/µL 0 0-70 0-102 0 0

From Lowseth LA, Gillett NA, Gerlach RF, et al. The effects of aging on hematology and serum chemistry values in the beagle dog. Vet Clin Pathol. 1990;19:13-19.RBC, red blood cell count; PCV, packed cell volume.aLimits represent the 10th and 90th percentile values.

Table 2Variations in Reference Intervals for Hematology Values by Age: Beagle Dogs, 3 to 14 Years Old

A p p en d i x i n Tables 331

From Allard RL, Carlos AD, Faltin EC. Canine hematological changes during gestation and lactation. Comp Anim Pract. 1989;19:3-6.RBC, red blood cell count; PCV, packed cell volume; MCV, mean cell volume; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration.

GESTATION WEEK 1 GESTATION WEEK 8 LACTATION WEEK 8

BeaglesBrittany Spaniels

Labrador Retrievers Beagles

Brittany Spaniels

Labrador Retrievers Beagles

Brittany Spaniels

Labrador Retrievers

RBC (×106/µL) Mean 7.2 6.2 7.3 5.1 5.0 5.6 7.0 5.6 6.7 Range 6.2-9.2 5.2-7.2 5.5-9.1 4.1-6.1 4.1-6.0 4.4-6.8 5.8-8.2 4.4-6.8 5.7-7.7PCV (%) Mean 47 43.3 50 34.3 33.0 38.2 46.6 40.8 44.1 Rangea 38.4-54.6 38.5-48.1 42.4-57.6 39.2-50.8 25.2-40.8 30.4-46.0 39.2-54.0 32.8-48.8 36.1-52.1Hemoglobin (g/dL) Mean 17.2 15.9 18.1 12.3 11.8 13.9 16.5 14.7 15.9 Rangea 15.2-19.2 14.1-17.7 15.3-20.9 10.3-14.3 9.2-14.4 11.7-16.1 13.9-19.1 11.7-17.7 13.1-18.7MCV (fL) Mean 66.6 70.3 69.2 67.3 72.6 67.9 67.3 73.3 65.9 Rangea 59.2-76 59.7-80.9 50.6-87.8 60.7-73.6 58.6-86.6 52.9-82.9 60.7-73.6 63.1-83.4 55.8-76.0MCHC (g/dL) Mean 36.8 36.6 36.2 36 36.4 36.8 35.5 36 36.1 Rangea 30.6-43 34.4-38.8 34.2-38.2 31.2-40.8 34.6-38.2 31.8-41.4 31.7-39.4 33.0-39.0 32.7-39.5

aRange is ±2 SD.

Table 3Erythrocyte Changes during Pregnancy in Beagles, Brittany Spaniels, and Labrador Retrievers

332 VeTeRinARYHeMATOLOGY

From

Ear

l FL,

Mel

vega

r BA

, Wils

on R

L. T

he h

emog

ram

and

bon

e m

arro

w p

rofil

e of

nor

mal

neo

nata

l and

wea

nlin

g be

agle

dog

s. L

ab A

nim

Sci

. 197

3;23

:690

.

Hem

atol

ogy

Para

met

erB

irth

1 W

eek

2 W

eeks

3 W

eeks

4 W

eeks

6 W

eeks

8 W

eeks

RBC

(×10

6 /µL)

4.7-

5.6

(5.1

)a3.

6-5.

9 (4

.6)

3.4-

4.4

(3.9

)3.

5-4.

3 (3

.8)

3.6-

4.9

(4.1

)4.

3-5.

1 (4

.7)

4.5-

5.9

(4.9

)H

emog

lobi

n (g

/dL)

14-1

7 (1

5.2)

10.4

-17.

5 (1

2.9)

9-11

(10.

0)8.

6-11

.6 (9

.7)

8.5-

10.3

(9.5

)8.

5-11

.3 (1

0.2)

10.3

-12.

5 (1

1.2)

PCV

(%)

45-5

2.5

(47.

5)33

-52

(40.

5)29

-34

(31.

8)27

-37

(31.

7)27

-33.

5 (2

9.9)

26.5

-35.

5 (3

2.5)

31-3

9 (3

4.8)

MCV

(fL)

93.0

89.0

81.5

83.0

73.0

69.0

72.0

MCH

(pg)

30.0

28.0

25.5

25.0

23.0

22.0

22.5

MCH

C (g

/dL)

32.0

32.0

31.5

31.0

32.0

31.5

32.0

NRB

C/10

0 W

BC

0-13

(2.3

)0-

11 (4

.0)

0-6

(2.0

)0-

9 (1

.6)

0-4

(1.2

)0

0-1

(0.2

)W

BC

(×10

3 /µL)

6.8-

18.4

(12.

0)9-

23 (1

4.1)

8.1-

15.1

(11.

7)6.

7-15

.1 (1

1.2)

8.5-

16.4

(12.

9)12

.6-2

6.7

(16.

3)12

.7-1

7.3

(15)

Ban

d ne

utro

phils

(×10

3 /µL)

0-1.

5 (0

.23)

0-4.

8 (0

.50)

0-1.

2 (0

.21)

0-0.

5 (0

.09)

0-0.

3 (0

.06)

0-0.

3 (0

.05)

0-0.

3 (0

.08)

Segm

ente

d ne

utro

phils

(×10

3 /µL)

4.4-

15.8

(8.6

)3.

8-15

.2 (7

.4)

3.2-

10.4

(5.2

)1.

4-9.

4 (5

.1)

3.7-

12.8

(7.2

)4.

2-17

.6 (9

.0)

6.2-

11.8

(8.5

)Ly

mph

ocyt

es (×

103 /µ

L)0.

5-4.

2 (1

.9)

1.3-

9.4

(4.3

)1.

5-7.

4 (3

.8)

2.1-

10.1

(5.0

)1.

0-8.

4 (4

.5)

2.8-

16.6

(5.7

)3.

1-6.

9 (5

.0)

Mon

ocyt

es (×

103 /µ

L)0.

2-2.

2 (0

.9)

0.3-

2.5

(1.1

)0.

2-1.

4 (0

.7)

0.1-

1.4

(0.7

)0.

3-1.

5 (0

.8)

0.5-

2.7

(1.1

)0.

5-2.

7 (1

.1)

Eosi

noph

ils (×

103 /µ

L)0-

1.3

(0.4

)0.

2-2.

8 (0

.8)

0.08

-1.8

(0.6

)0.

07-0

.9 (0

.3)

0-0.

7 (0

.25)

0.1-

1.9

(0.5

)0-

1.2

(0.4

)B

asop

hils

(×10

3 /µL)

0.0

0-0.

2 (0

.01)

0.0

0-0

0-0.

15 (0

.01)

0.0

0.0

RBC,

red

bloo

d ce

ll co

unt;

PCV,

pac

ked

cell

volu

me;

MCV

, mea

n ce

ll vo

lum

e; M

CH, m

ean

cell

hem

oglo

bin;

MCH

C, m

ean

cell

hem

oglo

bin

conc

entr

atio

n; N

RBC,

nuc

leat

ed re

d bl

ood

cell;

WB

C, w

hite

blo

od c

ell

coun

t.a Va

lues

exp

ress

ed a

s ra

nge

and

(med

ian)

.

Tabl

e 4

Hem

ato

log

y V

alu

es f

or

Gro

win

g H

ealt

hy

Bea

gle

Do

gs

fro

m B

irth

to

8 W

eeks

of

Ag

e

A p p en d i x i n Tables 333

From

Mey

ers-

Wal

len

VN, H

aski

ns M

E, P

atte

rson

DF.

Hem

atol

ogic

val

ues

in h

ealth

y ne

onat

al, w

eanl

ing

and

juve

nile

kitt

ens.

Am

J V

et R

es. 1

984;

45:1

322.

Hem

atol

ogy

Para

met

er0-

2 W

eeks

2-4

Wee

ks4-

6 W

eeks

6-8

Wee

ks8-

9 W

eeks

12-1

3 W

eeks

16-1

7 W

eeks

RBC

(×10

6 /µL)

5.29

4.67

5.89

6.57

6.95

7.43

8.14

(4.8

1-5.

77)*

(4.4

7-4.

87)

(5.4

3-6.

35)

(6.0

5-7.

09)

(6.7

7-7.

13)

(6.9

7-7.

89)

(7.6

0-8.

68)

Hem

oglo

bin

(g/d

L)12

.18.

78.

69.

19.

810

.111

.0(1

0.9-

13.3

)(8

.3-9

.1)

(8.0

-9.2

)(8

.5-9

.7)

(9.4

-10.

2)(9

.5-1

0.7)

(10.

2-11

.9)

PCV

(%)

35.3

26.5

27.1

29.8

33.3

33.1

34.9

(31.

9-38

.7)

(24.

9-28

.1)

(25.

5-28

.7)

(27.

2-32

.4)

(31.

9-34

.7)

(29.

9-36

.3)

(32.

7-37

.1)

MCV

(fL)

67.4

53.9

45.6

45.6

47.8

44.5

43.1

(63.

6-71

.2)

(51.

5-56

.3)

(43.

0-48

.2)

(43.

6-47

.6)

(46.

0-49

.6)

(40.

9-48

.1)

(40.

1-46

.1)

MCH

(pg)

23.0

18.8

14.8

13.9

14.1

13.7

13.5

(21.

8-24

.2)

(17.

2-20

.4)

(13.

7-16

.0)

(13.

3-14

.5)

(13.

7-14

.5)

(12.

9-14

.5)

(12.

7-14

.3)

MCH

C (g

/dL)

34.5

33.0

31.9

30.9

29.5

31.3

31.6

(32.

9-36

.1)

(31.

0-34

.0)

(30.

7-33

.1)

(29.

9-31

.9)

(28.

7-30

.3)

(29.

5-32

.1)

(30.

0-33

.2)

WB

C (×

103 /µ

L)9.

6715

.31

17.4

518

.07

23.6

823

.10

19.7

(8.5

3-10

.81)

(12.

89-1

7.73

)(1

4.71

-20.

19)

(14.

19-2

1.95

)(1

9.9-

27.4

6)(1

6.48

-29.

92)

(17.

46-2

1.94

)B

and

neut

roph

ils (×

103 /µ

L)0.

060.

110.

200.

220.

120.

150.

16(0

.02-

0.10

)(0

.03-

0.19

)(0

.08-

0.32

)(0

.06-

0.38

)(0

.0-0

.30)

(0.0

1-0.

27)

(0.0

20-0

.30)

Neu

trop

hils

(×10

3 /µL)

5.96

6.92

9.57

6.75

11.0

11.0

9.74

(4.6

0-7.

32)

(5.3

8-8.

46)

(6.2

7-12

.87)

(4.6

9-8.

81)

(8.1

8-13

.82)

(7.4

6-14

.54)

(7.9

0-11

.58)

Lym

phoc

ytes

(×10

3 /µL)

3.73

6.56

6.41

9.59

10.1

710

.46

8.7

(2.6

9-4.

77)

(5.3

8-7.

74)

(4.8

7-7.

95)

(6.4

5-12

.73)

(6.7

5-13

.59)

(5.2

4-15

.68)

(6.5

8-10

.82)

Mon

ocyt

es (×

103 /µ

L)0.

010.

020.

00.

010.

110.

00.

02(0

.0-0

.03)

(0.0

-0.0

6)(0

.0-0

.03)

(0.0

-0.2

3)(0

.0-0

.06)

Eosi

noph

ils (×

103 /µ

L)0.

961.

401.

471.

082.

281.

551.

00(0

.10-

1.82

)(1

.08-

1.72

)(0

.97-

1.97

)(0

.68-

1.48

)(1

.66-

2.90

)(0

.85-

2.25

)(0

.62-

1.38

)B

asop

hils

(×10

3 /µL)

0.02

00

0.02

00.

030

(0.0

-0.0

4)(0

.0-0

.06)

(0.0

-0.0

9)

RBC,

red

bloo

d ce

ll co

unt;

PCV,

pac

ked

cell

volu

me;

MCV

, mea

n ce

ll vo

lum

e; M

CH, m

ean

cell

hem

oglo

bin;

MCH

C, m

ean

cell

hem

oglo

bin

conc

entr

atio

n; W

BC,

whi

te b

lood

cel

l cou

nt.

*Val

ues

expr

esse

d as

mea

n an

d (r

ange

). Ra

nge

calc

ulat

ed fr

om m

ean ±2

SD

.

Tabl

e 5

Hem

ato

log

y V

alu

es f

or

Gro

win

g H

ealt

hy

Kit

ten

s fr

om

Bir

th t

o 1

7 W

eeks

of

Ag

e

334 VeTeRinARYHeMATOLOGY

From Harvey JW, Asquith RL, McNulty PK, et al. Haematology of foals up to one year old. Equine Vet J. 1984;16:347-353.

AgePCV Hb RBC MCV MCHC(%) (g/dL) (×106/µL) (fL) (%)

<12 Hours 43 ± 3 15.4 ± 1.2 10.7 ± 0.8 40 ± 2 36 ± 21 day 40 ± 3 14.2 ± 1.1 9.9 ± 0.6 41 ± 3 35 ± 23 days 38 ± 3 14.1 ± 1.3 9.6 ± 0.7 39 ± 2 37 ± 11 week 35 ± 3 13.3 ± 1.2 8.8 ± 0.6 39 ± 2 38 ± 12 weeks 34 ± 3 12.6 ± 1.4 8.9 ± 0.9 38 ± 2 38 ± 13 weeks 34 ± 3 12.6 ± 1.1 9.2 ± 0.6 37 ± 2 37 ± 11 month 34 ± 4 12.5 ± 1.2 9.3 ± 0.8 36 ± 1 37 ± 12 months 37 ± 4 13.6 ± 1.5 10.8 ± 1.7 35 ± 2 37 ± 13 months 36 ± 2 13.4 ± 0.9 10.5 ± 0.9 35 ± 1 37 ± 24 months 36 ± 3 13.4 ± 1.1 10.4 ± 0.9 34 ± 1 38 ± 25 months 35 ± 3 12.7 ± 1.2 10.2 ± 0.6 35 ± 2 37 ± 26 months 34 ± 2 12.2 ± 0.8 9.5 ± 0.7 36 ± 2 36 ± 19 months 36 ± 3 12.6 ± 1.0 9.4 ± 0.8 39 ± 2 35 ± 112 months 36 ± 3 13.3 ± 1.0 9.5 ± 0.7 38 ± 2 37 ± 2

Values expressed as mean ±1 SD.PCV, packed cell volume; Hb, hemoglobin; RBC, red blood cell count; MCV, mean cell volume; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration.

Table 6Erythrograms of Foals up to 1 Year of Age

A p p en d i x i n Tables 335

From Harvey JW, Asquith RL, McNulty PK, et al. Haematology of foals up to one year old. Equine Vet J. 1984;16:347-353.

AgeTotal WBC Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils(×103/µL) (×103/µL) (×103/µL) (×103/µL) (×103/µL) (×103/µL)

<12 hours 9.5 ± 2.44 7.94 ± 2.22 1.34 ± 0.60 0.19 ± 0.12 0 0.002 ± 0.0071 day 8.44 ± 1.77 6.80 ± 1.72 1.43 ± 0.42 0.19 ± 0.10 0.11 ± 0.027 0.003 ± 0.0103 days 7.55 ± 1.50 5.70 ± 1.44 1.45 ± 0.36 0.32 ± 0.13 0.045 ± 0.062 0.032 ± 0.0461 week 9.86 ± 1.79 7.45 ± 1.55 2.10 ± 0.63 0.27 ± 0.11 0.028 ± 0.042 0.058 ± 0.0692 weeks 8.53 ± 1.68 6.00 ± 1.54 2.22 ± 0.45 0.24 ± 0.13 0.063 ± 0.063 0.012 ± 0.0213 weeks 8.57 ± 1.90 5.66 ± 1.64 2.59 ± 0.63 0.22 ± 0.10 0.078 ± 0.066 0.026 ± 0.0321 month 8.14 ± 2.02 5.27 ± 2.00 2.46 ± 0.45 0.29 ± 0.17 0.121 ± 0.148 0.016 ± 0.0322 months 9.65 ± 2.13 5.70 ± 1.88 3.46 ± 0.63 0.31 ± 0.15 0.092 ± 0.092 0.018 ± 0.0393 months 11.69 ± 2.51 6.43 ± 1.96 4.73 ± 1.21 0.38 ± 0.19 0.184 ± 0.181 0.018 ± 0.0284 months 10.18 ± 1.99 4.78 ± 1.36 4.70 ± 1.31 0.32 ± 0.17 0.353 ± 0.319 0.018 ± 0.0275 months 10.07 ± 2.29 4.60 ± 1.90 4.92 ± 1.48 0.27 ± 0.12 0.272 ± 0.152 0.010 ± 0.0276 months 9.03 ± 1.13 4.00 ± 0.84 4.53 ± 0.74 0.23 ± 0.11 0.247 ± 0.150 0.014 ± 0.0249 months 8.68 ± 1.19 3.82 ± 0.78 4.39 ± 1.10 0.22 ± 0.10 0.234 ± 0.232 0.021 ± 0.02412 months 9.19 ± 1.36 4.28 ± 0.81 4.27 ± 1.13 0.20 ± 0.12 0.339 ± 0.221 0.019 ± 0.037

Values are expressed as mean ±1 SD.

Table 7Leukograms of Foals up to 1 Year of Age