The Vertebrates

I. Characteristics of Vertebrates A. Ten Organ Systems 1. Respiratory System 2. Circulatory System 3. Digestive System 4. Integumentary System 5. Reproductive System 6. Excretory System 7. Endocrine System 8. Skeletal System 9. Muscular System 10. Nervous System

II. Vertebrate Classes A. Agnatha (Jawless Fish) 1. Most primitive fish 2. Paired appendages absent 3. Seven spiracles on the ventral sides of the head 4. Endoskeleton composed of cartilage

Lamprey Hagfish

Lamprey cirri, teeth arranged in rows and dental plates on its tongue

Two lampreys parasitizing a fresh-water fish

B. Chondrichthyes (Cartiliginous fish) 1. jaw present 2. paired appendages a. pectoral fins b. Pelvic fins 3. 5 to 7 gill slits 4. cartiliginous endoskeleton 5. dentacle scales 6. examples: shark, ray, skate

External anatomy of the shark

Rows of teeth line the jaw of the shark

Some man-eater sharks

Hammerhead Great White

Blue

Whale shark

Placoid scales compose the scales of the shark

Sawfish

Manta Ray

C. Osteichthyes (bony fish) 1. Bony endoskeleton 2. Operculum 3. Overlapping scales 4. Perch, bass, flatfish

Coelacanth Australian Lungfish

D. Amphibia 1. Nictitating membrane 2. Tympanic membrane 3. No scales, moist body 4.Frog, toad, newt, salamander

Tree Frog Toad

Newt Salamander

D. Reptilia 1. Body covered with scales or plates 2. Amniotic egg 3. Crocodile, alligator, turtles, lizards, snakes

Crocodile Alligator

Terrapin Tortoise

Sea turtle

Komoto dragon

Poisonous North American snakes

Coral snake Rattlesnake

Copperhead Water Moccasin

Pit Vipers

Python Anaconda

Boa constrictor

Dinosaurs

D. Aves 1. body covered with feathers 2. feed and care for offspring 3. adaptations to flight

4. foot adaptations

5. Bird beak adaptations

E. Mammalia 1. body covered with hair or fur 2. care for offspring 3. mother feeds offspring with milk or milk-like substance

F. Vertebrate Classes

Monotremata

Platypus Spiny anteater

Marsupialia

Opossum Kangaroo

Koala

Perissodactyla

Rhinoceros Zebra

Artiodactyla

Hippopotamus Giraffe

Insectivora

Mole Rat

Lagomorpha

Rabbit

Chiroptera

Bat

Edentata

Slot

Cetacea

Whale

Carnivora

Lion Wolf

Primates

Howler Monkey Baboon

Apes

Gorilla Chimpanzee

Orangutan Gibbon

Homo sapiens