vertebral artery chen 1115 - concepts in vascular therapies · not require surgery. presenter name...
TRANSCRIPT
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Huiting ChenMD, RPVI
05/04/2019
Vertebral Artery Revascularization: When and How?
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No financial disclosures
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Definition
• Vertebrobasilar system supplies blood to brainstem, cerebellum, and occipital lobes
• Brainstem ischemia with symptoms from ischemia of the posterior circulation
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Anatomy
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• Dizziness• Vertigo• Diplopia• Blurring of vision• Tinnitus• Perioral numbness• Alternating paresthesias• Drop attacks
Symptoms
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What is happening?
• Ischemia from:– Low flow
• Must involve both VA or basilar artery with incomplete compensation from carotid circulation
– Emboli• May be from various vessels• Result in multiple/multifocal infarcts
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Patient Selection
• Anatomic considerations:– Must have >60% stenosis in both VA or >60%
stenosis in dominant VA + symptoms
– Incidentally-found VA stenosis without sx does NOT require surgery
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Differential diagnosis
• Cardiac arrhythmias• Inner ear pathology• ICA or great vessel stenosis/occlusion• Medication effects (antihypertensives)• Electrolyte imbalance• Hypoglycemia
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Diagnostic Testing• Physical Exam:
– Symptoms may appear with standing– Reproduce dynamic symptoms with head turn
• CTA/MRA
• Dynamic angiogram: gold standard
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Disease Distribution• V1: most common (at origin)
• V2: extrinsic compression by osteophytes
• V3: most mobile segment; dissections and trauma are causes of lesions
• V4: less likely 2/2 atherosclerosis
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Revascularization: Transposition of proximal VA into CCA
• Transposition of proximal VA into CCA
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Revascularization: CCA-VA bypass
• CCA-VA bypass: V3 segment
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Revascularization: CCA-VA bypass
• CCA-VA bypass: V3 segment
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Revascularization: ECA-VA Transposition
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Revascularization: VA-ICA Transposition
• Alternative for pts with – inadequate GSV – unsuitable ECA – disease at carotid bifurcation
• Contraindicated if contralateral ICA occlusion
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Revascularization: Posterior Subocciptal VA Bypass
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Revascularization: Posterior Subocciptal VA Bypass
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Operative Results
• Proximal reconstructions: – combined death & stroke ~1%– post op thrombosis ~1%– Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 2%– Horner’s 8-28%– Chylothorax <1%
• Distal reconstructions: – Combined death & stroke ~3%– Post op thrombosis 8%
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Operative Results: Long Term Outcomes
• Proximal transposition: patency at 5 and 10 years 95% and 91%
• Distal bypass: patency at 5 and 10 years 87% and 82%
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Endovascular Approach
• Local anesthesia• DAPT• 0.014” and 0.018” system• Technical success 95%;
30 day death-stroke ~6%• Restenosis, stent fracture
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Conclusion• VA ischemia requires thoughtful, thorough workup
• Incidentally-found, asymptomatic vertebral artery stenosis does not require intervention
• Open and endovascular approaches dictated by anatomic location/feasibility
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Thank you