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August 22 - 28, 2014 Issue #00187

TIDBITS® USES

TOOLSby Janet Spencer

On August 17, 1835, the first wrench was patented by Solyman Merrick of Massachusetts. Come along with Tidbits as we use tools!

CAULKING GUN• Canadian Theodore Witte of Chilliwhack,

BC, was pretty good at home repairs but he sure got tired of trying to smooth out putty around windows using a putty knife. One day in 1894, he was at the bakery, watching a baker put icing on a cake using a cake decorator’s gun to force the frosting into a smooth, controllable line. Why couldn’t putty be that easy? Witte went home and designed what he called a “puttying tool” that allowed putty to be applied in one continuous smooth seam. Unfortunately, the putty industry didn’t pay much attention and Witte never made much money from his invention, today known as the caulking gun.

HAMMER FACTS• The word ‘smith’ comes from the Saxon

word which means ‘to smite.’ In the olden days, a smith was anyone who worked with a hammer, whether he was hammering wood, metal, or stone. Thus there were blacksmiths, clocksmiths, coppersmiths, goldsmiths, gunsmiths, locksmiths, silversmiths, and so on. And since all these smiths needed a hammer, there were also hammersmiths.

Page 2 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

A NEW SCREW• Henry, a businessman from Portland,

Oregon, noted that sometimes screws and screwdrivers just didn’t work like they should. They were fine for home repairs and general carpentry, but there were problems when it came to assembly lines. In the 1930s, automobile manufacturers were screwing millions of screws per minute with power screwdrivers. With power tools, not only was it difficult to fit the screwdriver into the slot of a standard screw, but centrifugal force tended to force the screwdriver to slide out of the slot. Once the standard screw was screwed in all the way, the power screwdriver continued to spin, which either stripped the screw, stalled the screwdriver, or damaged the part.

• Henry invented a screw with a cross-shaped slot that could be driven with more torque and would hold tighter than regular slotted screws. He named it after himself. His new screwdriver, with its pointed tip, engaged the screw much more easily and did not slip out. The indentation in the screw was so shallow that when the screw was finished screwing, the screwdriver tip simply popped out.

• The new screw was first used in building the 1936 Cadillac and proved so effective that within two years all car manufacturers had switched. In 1936 Henry received patents for both the screw and the screwdriver, but it was so widely copied that he lost the patent in 1949. Henry died in 1958 at age 68 after seeing his screw- named after his last name- become an industry standard. What was his name?

Henry Phillips invented the Phillips screwdriver.

BLACK & DECKER• In 1910, Duncan Black and Alonzo G. Decker

set up a small machine shop in Baltimore. In 1917 they invented a portable handheld drill which led to them becoming one of the most successful tool companies in the U.S.

RACHET WRENCH• Before 1964, there were socket sets but

the old-fashioned socket wrench that went with the set had to be twisted endlessly. In 1964, an 18-year-old kid named Peter Roberts was tinkering around in his dad’s garage. His father repaired lawn mowers in his spare time and sometimes Peter helped him out.

• One day Peter decided that repairing lawn mowers would be a lot easier if only the socket wrench had a button that would release the socket from the grip of the wrench. He made one up himself, and it worked. The ratchet wrench was born.

• Peter, who was a junior in high school, worked part-time at the local Sears store. He took the new wrench to show his boss, who showed it to his boss, who showed it to all the company executives at headquarters in Chicago. Nearly a year went by and Peter assumed no one was interested in his invention. Then a lawyer came to visit Peter.

• He informed the youth that Sears was prepared to offer him two cents for every one of his ratchet wrenches they sold- with the stipulation that they would not owe him any further royalties after $10,000. He said it might take Peter years to collect the maximum amount of the royalties owed him. Peter signed the patent over to Sears. A year later he was amazed to receive the entire $10,000 in a single check.

• Suspecting that he had been taken, Peter went to court. His lawyer argued that Sears was guilty of fraud by leading Peter to believe that they would only be able to sell a few wrenches per year when in reality they had sold over a million. He also pointed out that Peter had been a minor when he signed the contract. The judge agreed. Not only did he award Peter Roberts damages of around a million bucks, but he also gave Peter the patent back.

A FLASHLIGHT BATTERY• Russian immigrant Akiba Horowitz changed

his name to Conrad Hubert when he came to America in 1891. He was fascinated by the invention of electricity. Hubert began to tinker. He invented a number of electrical novelties, such as a portable fan and an illuminated flower pot. He named his business the American Electrical Novelty and Manufacturing Company.

• Then he hired an inventor name David Misell, who had invented the bicycle light. While working for Hubert, Misell invented the flashlight, assigning the patent to Hubert. It was called the flashlight because at first it would only light up for a moment or two before going out. Hubert tinkered with the invention, improved it, patented it in 1903, and handed out samples to New York City cops, who gave him rave reviews. Within a few years Hubert was a millionaire.

• In 1914 the National Carbon Company (which supplied Hubert with his materials) bought half interest in the company, and the name of the firm was changed. Production of the batteries used in flashlights overtook production of flashlights. During the Great Depression, advertisements for the company consistently depicted a child, a pet, and a flashlight in various Norman Rockwell-like situations. One such ad showed a young girl checking on a litter of nine kittens using her flashlight. This image became so popular that thousands of posters were sold, giving the company a new icon: a cat with nine lives. What is the name of the company? Answer: Eveready, now owned by Energizer

IT’S A FACT• When Commander Alan Bean walked on the

moon, he tried to fix a TV camera that was not working by hitting it with a hammer. He failed.

For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing Page 3

Famous CanadiansNORMAN BREAKEY

• Norman James Breakey was born February 25th, 1891 in Pierson, Manitoba. Around 1940, he came up with an idea that would make painting large areas much easier.

• At the time, the standard paint brush was the only method available, and the labor was difficult: “Take a paint brush in your right hand, or your left hand if you are left handed, or both hands if it is a big brush. Dip the brush into a can of paint and raise it above your head, being careful not to let the paint roll down your arm. Dab it on the ceiling, repeat the process hundreds of times. Then—take a bath.” Norman Breakey devised a cylinder covered in fabric that picked up more paint than a brush. It was the pre-curser to the modern paint roller.

• Breakey approached Tom Hamilton, an executive for A.B. Caya Fabrics, for advice on what type of fabric to use to cover his roller. Years later, Hamilton recalled: “He wanted my opinion on the best kind of fabric that offered a stiff bristly nap. I asked for what purpose, and he said ‘For rolling paint.’ I scratched my head at that but he resolutely went on and described to me something with a handle shaped like a ‘7’ that would hold a cardboard, fabric-covered cylinder. ‘If my theory is right this thing will revolutionize painting in Canada,’ he said. Well, the best thing I could think of was that

bristly green mohair velour that was used to cover railway touring coaches in those days. So I sold him a bolt of that, told him how to cut it on the bias, suggested some glues and away he went, beaming out the door. Later he came by and thanked me for my advice. He gave me one of his original rollers and a tray that had been hammered out by a local tinsmith. Neither of us knew then how big his invention would get to be.”

• Unfortunately, Breakey lacked the money to produce a significant supply of rollers on his own. Attempts to persuade investors to back him failed. Meanwhile, people started tinkering with the design, altering it just enough to that they were able to apply for their own patents.

• When hogs’ hair bristles became scarce during World War II, an inventor named Richard Croxton Adams working for Sherwin-Williams in Cleveland, Ohio, made a paint roller called a “Roller-Koater” that did not use bristles. Adams became the first U.S. patent holder for a paint roller.

• At least one account claims Breakey died poor and unknown not long after he came up with his invention. He went without

public notice until 1967, when he was listed in both the inventors volume of McClelland & Stewart’s Canadian Centennial Library and a Maclean’s feature called “Who’s Who of Canadian What’s His Names.” Breakey may have been under-heralded in life, but his work has aided generations of painters.

• Here are some tips for the next time you use one of Norman Breakey’s rollers: Use a lint roller on your paint roller to get loose bits of fuzz off it prior to painting. Use a Swiffer on your walls to collect dust before painting. Line your paint tray with a plastic bag so you won’t have to clean it, then put the paint tray inside a cardboard box tray, such as the ones that come underneath a flat of water bottles. Paint large surfaces using a pattern of large ‘Ws’ across the wall, back and forth. Cover places like hinges and door knobs with Vasoline to prevent paint from sticking. If the painter’s tape won’t peel, put it in a microwave for 10 seconds. Alcohol wipes such as those found in first aid kits will wipe up paint drips, and Q-tips will touch up tiny spots. Store the paint roller in a Ziplok baggie in a Pringles can to keep it fresh over night.

Page 4 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

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PAINTTWO INNOVATORS

• In 1866 Henry bought an Ohio paint manufacturing company for $2,000. Four years later, he became a partner with a man named Edward. Back then, painting was a tricky, difficult business, and only professionals did it. The paint had to be hand mixed, stirred often, and used before it dried in the container. Henry and Edward wanted to be able to sell paint directly to the people, so they knew they had to make it easy.

• First they developed pre-mixed paint, then they invented the re-sealable paint can. They created different paints for different surfaces, since metal, wood, and brick all react differently to paint. They perfected interior and exterior paints. They even developed different paints for different climates.

• Because there had been so many shoddy paint companies selling such poor quality paint

for so long, paint had a very negative stigma which needed to be overcome. Henry and Edward decided to offer people a ‘money-back guarantee’ stating that their money would be cheerfully refunded if they were not completely satisfied. This was the first company ever to offer a money-back guarantee, and it gained the public’s confidence.

• When the partners discovered that automobile paint took 21 days to dry, they developed a quick-dry paint that would dry in a matter of hours. They supplied the Army with camouflage paint during the war. Their company transformed the industry from something that was difficult even for professionals to accomplish to something that was entirely user-friendly. The company is named after Henry and Edward’s last names. What’s the company called?

Answer: Sherwin-Williams.

FISH OIL PAINT• Robert Fergusson ran away from his home in

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Scotland at the age of 12, and went to seek adventure on the sea. His duties included swabbing and re-painting the rusty metal deck, a tedious chore. One day he lunged for an open container of raw fish oil trying to catch it before it spilled, but failed. It spread all over the deck. In the days following the spill, he noticed that the rust that had been relentlessly creeping across the deck stopped where the fish oil had spilled. He remembered this fact throughout his long career as a sea captain.

• After settling in New Orleans, he frequently experimented with fish oil-based paints. The problem was that they smelled terrible and took forever to dry. When Fergusson was 42 years old, he was put in charge of a fleet of ships during World War I. Taking the opportunity to do further experiments with fish oil, he finally hit on a formula that smelled better, dried fast, and stopped rust overnight.

• After the war, he founded a paint company in 1921, which did quite well. Today it’s a worldwide leader in protective paints and coatings for both home and industry, and still offers the famous rust-fighting formula that started it all back in 1921. The company’s motto, ‘Rust Never Sleeps’, was created by the members of the rock group Devo when they worked for an Ohio advertising agency prior to becoming famous. What’s the name of the company? -Rust-oleum

DÉCOR BY ABE• When Abe Lincoln was a boy, he saw some

boys wading in a mud puddle near the house.

He called them over and one by one he held them upsidedown and had them “walk” their muddy feet up the walls and across the whitewashed ceiling. As soon as his stepmother quit laughing, she made Abe re-paint.

Page 6 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

Canadian Tid-bitsMy beautiful big mutt, “Archie,” is a rescue dog who is very anxious around men. I’m not sure why, or what’s in his past to cause this. But when company comes over, he whines constantly or runs behind me to bark if a man approaches. How can I ease his anxiety? -- Linda

DEAR LINDA: It’s clear that Archie has some trauma in his past, and he may never be completely free of his anxiety. What you’ll need to do is be patient and encouraging. There isn’t a tried and true method to “cure” him of this, but you can ease his fears.First, talk with his vet about ways to reduce Archie’s overall anxiety. He may suggest medication, either for a specific period of time or permanently, to help. You also can try alternative medicine like Bach’s Rescue Remedy, which many owners swear by and which can be added to Archie’s water bowl once a day.Next, don’t overwhelm him when company comes over. Place Archie in a back room or the kitchen, or train him to stay in place when the doorbell rings. Once everyone has settled, bring Archie in to meet each guest. If he becomes stressed or won’t approach certain people, don’t worry and don’t be embarrassed. Just take him back to his safe room or kennel cage, give him lots of praise and maybe a treat, and leave it at that.Make sure kids (and some adults!) don’t chase after Archie or insist that they get to pet him. Let Archie approach new people on his own. As he becomes more confident and secure, he may be much friendlier to visitors that he’s familiar with, such as close friends ... maybe. There are no certainties when it comes to dogs that suffered past abuse. Give him consideration and time.

• Coffee filters make wonderful glass cleaners. They leave behind no streaks and no residual lint.

• “Beautiful umbrella stands don’t have to be limited to umbrellas. We keep sports equipment (bats, a lacrosse stick, yoga mat) in ours, and it works just as well.”

• Stuck zippers can be loosened with graphite powder, or simply by tracing a pencil lead over the zipper.

• Make your own camping lamp: Strap a headlamp to a full gallon jug of water. It fills the tent with a soft light, and you can still drink the water!

• Use rubbing alcohol to clean window frames. It evaporates quickly with no residue left behind.

• If you have a retractable cord on your vacuum, try this trick. Clip a clothespin at the optimum length, and the cord will not retract past that point. So, no more snapping right out of the outlet, which used to happen to me.

• Old socks can be fitted around the head of an old mop or Swiffer base. Spray with cleaner and clean away. When you are done, remove the sock and launder.

▶ 26-year-old Mikhail Baryshnikov ran out of the O’Keefe Centre in Toronto following a performance in 1974, defecting from Soviet Russia and seeking asylum first in Canada and then in the U.S.

▶ A lawyer in Toronto fell to his death in 1993 after he threw himself against a window on the 24th floor of a building in an attempt to prove to a group of visitors that the glass was “unbreakable”, an act he had done twice before. The glass did not break, but popped out of the window frame, having possibly been loosened by his previous attempts to break it.

▶ Just who was Edmund Fitzgerald, anyway? In 1958 he was the president and chairman of the board for Northwest Mutual Life Insurance, the company which commissioned the building of the ship.

▶ Why does Canadian beer taste different from American beer? Because American brewers use more corn.

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The Bug Guys @ The Museum Saturday, August 23, 2014 from 10am to 12pm at Vernon Museum & Archives, 3009 32nd Avenue, Vernon. Calling all bug and reptile lovers of all ages! Don’t miss this opportunity to see these bizarre, beautiful, and fascinating creatures up close and personal. Stuart Brown of The Bug Guys is back for his fifth year, entertaining the enthused and the squeamish onlookers with his creepy crawlies. As space is limited we encourage those interested to purchase their tickets early. Cost: $3.00/person. For more information please call (250) 543-3142 or visit www.vernonmuseum.ca or www.facebook.com/vernonmuseum.

The 6th Annual Riot on the Roof @ the VPAG Parkade Roof Top Saturday, August 23, 2014 from 7pm to 11pm from Vernon Public Art Gallery, 3228 31 Ave, Vernon. Riot on the Roof is designed to encourage youth ages 16-25 to interact with the arts and cultural community of the Okanagan, exposing them to alternative art forms that are innovative and affordable. Riot on the Roof provides a space for young artists to expose their creativity to the public and promote awareness for the cultural importance of the arts. Cost: N/A For more information: info@vernonpublicartgallery.com (250) 545-3173

2014 Vernon Kidney Walk Sunday, August 24, 2014 from 9am at Polson Park, Vernon. One in 10 Canadians has kidney disease, and there is no cure. Be part of The 2014 Vernon Kidney Walk. The Kidney Walks are community-led events dedicated to raising awareness and funds for kidney disease, and the importance of organ donation. Be the movement! Register to participate @vernonkidneywalk.ca sponsor a walker, volunteer or register to be a donor. This year marks a very special occasion – it’s The Kidney Foundation of Canada’s 50th anniversary. Cost: Free Ticketing and/or registration: http://www.vernonkidneywalk.ca For more info: vernonkidneywalk.ca Eva Cassidy 2014 Vernon Kidney Walk Coordinator vernonwalk@kidney.bc.ca Be the Movement. Be Involved. Make a difference. Join our 2014 Kidney Walk in Vernon on August 24, 2014 at Polson Park! Register online at www.vernonkidneywalk.ca or Call Barb at 1-800-567-8112 ext. 228 Small steps can make a big difference in the lives of the 1 in 10 British Columbians affected by kidney disease. www.vernonkidneywalk.ca

Monster MysteriesMonday, August 25, 2014 from 9am at Okanagan Science Centre , 2704 Hwy 6 Vernon BC, Vernon. Explore the eerie and exercise your BRAAAAIIINSSS with the pop culture, myth, and science behind your favourite monsters. Explore a zombie outbreak, ancient mummies, vampire bats, and create your own ghoulish makeup and Godzilla-style mega-monsters! http://www.okscience.ca

Role Playing Games NightTuesday, August 26, 2014 from 6pm at Okanagan Regional Library, 2800 30th Avenue, Vernon. The library invites you to join in on an ongoing campaign of mystery and horror. A traditional pencil and paper role-playing night will be hosted once a month at the library. Travel back to the 1920s and join a team of globe travelling investigators and attempt to unravel a complex and ominous mystery. No experience with role-playing necessary. The fourth Thursday of every month at 6:00 pm in the upstairs community room. http://www.orl.bc.ca/branches/vernon#adults

Blood Donor ClinicWednesday, August 27, 2014 from 1pm to 6pm, Thursday, August 28, 2014 from 12:30pm to 5:30pm, and Friday, August 29, 2014 from 12:30pm to 5:30pm at Trinity United Church, 3300 Alexis Park Drive. For complete eligibility requirements and to book an appointment please contact Canadian Blood Services 1 888 2 DONATE (1-888-236-6283) www.blood.ca

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