verification of shell gtl fuel as carb alternative diesel · gtl fuel –synthetic and alternative...

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Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel Ralph A. Cherrillo, Mary Ann Dahlstrom, Anne T. Coleman – Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc. Richard H. Clark – Shell Global Solutions (UK) COPYRIGHT @ 2007 Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

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Page 1: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Verification of Shell GTL Fuel asCARB Alternative Diesel

Ralph A. Cherrillo, Mary Ann Dahlstrom, Anne T. Coleman –Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

Richard H. Clark – Shell Global Solutions (UK)

COPYRIGHT @ 2007 Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

Page 2: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Outline

• Introduction � Future Fuel Demand � GTL as a Future Fuel

• GTL Demonstrations � CARB Verification Testing � Fleet Tests

• GTL Outlook

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Page 3: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Future Fuel Demand A Forecast of Global Automotive Fuel Demand

Energy Demand (x1018 J ) ¾Significant uncertainty in plateau of ‘conventional

Heavy Oil

Diesel / Gasoline

Electricity Gas

Hydrogen

Synthetic fuelSynthetic fuelandand biofuelsbiofuels

Gaseous Fuels oil mountain’300

¾Increased environmental250 pressures

200 ¾Plethora of potential

150 Liquid vehicle-fuel solutions Fuels

100 ¾Common denominator ought to be cost

50 effectiveness.

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

(Source: a WEC scenario) 3

Page 4: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel

GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from:

� gas (GTL)

� coal (CTL)

� biomass (BTL)

� waste (WTL)

Alternative Fuels comprise synthetic fuels,biofuels, and fuels such as water-fuel emulsions, ethanol-diesel blends

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Page 5: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

O2

SyngasManufacture Synthesis Hydrocracking

What is Gas to Liquids?

GTL is a process that converts natural gas to clean fuels and high quality products via the Fischer-Tropsch process

CO + 2H2 –(CH2)n –

O2

Syngas Manufacture

Natural Gas CH4

Synthesis

H2O

• LPG • Condensate • Naphtha • Gasoil • Base oils • Chemicals

Hydrocracking

Shell’s proprietary process: Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS)

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Page 6: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Why -- Shell GTL Fuel

¾ Strategic diversification of energy supply ¾ Compatible with existing infrastructure ¾ GTL provides a bridge to Biomass to Liquids and

Coal to Liquids technologies

¾ Life cycle analysis: GTL vs. Refinery system ¾ GTL less impact on on air acidification and smog formation ¾ Comparable greenhouse gas emissions

¾ More cost effective in reducing emissions than competing fuels [B2, B20, LNG, CNG] ¾ Derived from independent WTW study by TIAX (8/2003)

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Page 7: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Shell GTL Fuel – a premium quality diesel fuel

High cetane Low density

Virtually free of sulphur and aromatics

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Page 8: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Outline

• Introduction � Future Fuel Demand � GTL as a Future Fuel

• GTL Demonstrations � CARB Verification Testing � Fleet Tests

• GTL Outlook

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Page 9: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Verification as Alternative Diesel Fuel

� Recognized protocol for demonstrating emission benefits of alternative fuel

� Rigorous testing and data review process

� Allows demonstration of emission benefits over and above ULSD CARB diesel, which has been considered the ‘optimum’ for clean diesel in the U.S.

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Page 10: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Protocol– Emissions Reduction Testing Fuels

• Two candidate fuels

- 100% Shell GTL Fuel

- 55% Shell GTL Fuel / 45% CARB diesel

• Reference fuel - Commercial CARB ULSD

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Page 11: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Protocol – Emissions Reduction TestingTest Protocol

Hot-start transient emissions test(CFR 40, Part 86, Subpart N)

Alternative 3 protocol (CARB Interim Procedure for Verification of Emission Reductions for Alternative Diesel Fuels)

1991 DDC Series 60 heavy-duty diesel engine

HC, CO, CO2, NOx, PM and SOF

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Page 12: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Properties of Fuels Tested Shell GTL Fuel vs CARB Reference Fuel

561627D86deg FDistillation, T90 1.51.6*D5186mass %PAH

22.32.9*D5186mass %Total aromatics 12.8<1.0D4629mass ppmNitrogen 0.60.3D5453mass ppmSulfur

50.7>76D613ratingCetane Number 41.648.8D287API@60 ºFAPI Gravity

methodunitsParameter Ref FuelGTL Fuel CARBShell

*Historical plant QA value for total aromatics is 0.1m%, for PAH < 0.1m% 12

Page 13: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Protocol – Emissions Reduction - PM

Comparative PM Emissions

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

CARB Reference

55% Shell GTL Blend

100% Shell GTL Fuel

PM E

mis

sion

s (C

AR

B R

ef =

100

%

11.15% Reduction

1.15% Reduction

• Shell GTL Fuel provides a significant PM emissions reduction over CARB ULSD reference fuel

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Page 14: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Protocol- Emissions Reduction - NOxComparative NOx Emissions

80

85

90

95

100

105

CARB Reference

55% Shell GTL Blend

100% Shell GTL Fuel

NO

x Em

issi

ons

(CA

RB

Ref

= 1

00%

)

8.6% Reduction

11.48% Reduction

• Shell GTL Fuel provides asignificant reduction inNOx compared to ULSDCARB reference fuel

• Consistent with both CARB and EPA Emissions Models, which predictreduced NOx for fuels with higher cetane number, lower aromatics

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Page 15: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

CARB Protocol–Emissions Reduction– Results100% Shell GTL Fuel and 55% Shell GTL Fuel Blend

% Benefit CO CO2 HC SOF NOx PM

100% Shell GTL Fuel

10.58 2.39 52.15 18.2 11.48 11.15

55% Shell GTL Fuel Blend

5.33 2.12 39.19 22.0 8.60 1.15

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Page 16: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Shell’s GTL Fuel marketing activities have demonstrated the product is robust in all scenarios.

Greece Shell Diesel 2004

London Bus trial with Daimler-Chrysler

London Toyota trial

China Michelin Bibendum Challenge

China Bus trial Shanghai

USA Dept. of TransportYosemite Water

JapanThailand Aichi hybrid busUSA & France

Germany, Austria, Shell Pura Diesel Audi Le Mans racing

Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland

100% GTL Fuel Germany Japan Diesel/GTL Fuel Fleet trial with Volkswagen Fleet trial blend 16

Page 17: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

-

GTL Consumer Groups: Fleet Users

Early targets are commercial fleets,operating within a city environment:

- Buses

- Taxis

- Waste collection vehicles

Light and heavy duty delivery vehicles

Home base refuelling (not retail stations)

Shell GTL Fuel from Bintulu has completed fleet trials in California.

A Yosemite Waters truck, operated on Shell GTL Fuel

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Page 18: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

GTL Fleet Trials in California (1)

Partners California Department of Transportation, SacramentoShell

Timing Completed May 2002

Purpose Durability, seal compatibility

Structure Blind 30-day switch from CARB LSD to GTL Fuel

Key Findings

• No leaks of fuel from any of the vehicles

• No increases in maintenance for any of the vehicles

• No performance issues related to fuel in terms of power and performance

• Fleet operator and drivers very happy with the performance of the fuel

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Page 19: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

GTL Fleet Trials in California (2) Partners Yosemite Waters, DOE NREL, SCAQMD, Johnson

Matthey, International Navistar, Shell Purpose 1. Demonstrate technologies robust under real operating conditions 2. Scientifically evaluate the emission reductions that can be achieved 3. To provide key data to legislators, commercial users and the public,

for important air quality decisions and legislation

Key Findings (SAE 2005-01-3769)

• Statistically significant reductions of NOx, PM, HC and CO with Shell GTL Fuel and JM CCRT DPF

• 20,000 miles accumulated to demonstrate durability • Test vehicles running with GTL Fuel reported to be indistinguishable

from control vehicles in terms of performance • Test vehicles running on GTL Fuel experienced no additional

maintenance requirements compared to control vehicles 19

Page 20: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Outline

• Introduction � Future Fuel Demand � GTL as a Future Fuel

• GTL Demonstrations � CARB Verification Testing � Fleet Tests

• GTL Outlook

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Page 21: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

Shell GTL development → Integrated world scale Qatar project based on proven technology → A platform for exciting new industry based on unique new products

World-scale plant: Shell Qatar GTL

Bintulu Malaysia 140,000 b/d14 700 b/d around the end ofPilot plant 1993 the decade1983

Laboratory 1973

Long lead times & entry hurdles characterize GTL development 21

Page 22: Verification of Shell GTL Fuel as CARB Alternative Diesel · GTL Fuel –Synthetic and Alternative Fuel GTL Fuel is one class of Synthetic fuels, which refers to liquids from: gas

In Summary • Shell is building a world-scale GTL plant in Qatar• Shell GTL Fuel is a premium quality

diesel fuel •High cetane •Low density •Virtually free of sulphur and aromatics

• Performance has been demonstrated in fleet trials conducted in the US and

other parts of the world

• Emissions benefits compared to CARB ULSD havebeen demonstrated by CARB Verification Testing

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