VerbsVerbs

SPI 0601.1.1 . . . verbs (including agreement with thesubject in person and number, action verbs that take objects, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, verb tenses, regular and irregular verb forms) . . .

SPI 0601.1.2 Recognize and correct usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {to/too/two, their/there/they’re, its/it’s, sit/set, lie/lay, affect/effect, may/can, leave/let,teach/learn, accept/except, capitol/capital, principle/principal, between/among}).

What is a verb?What is a verb?

Verbs are words that describe:Verbs are words that describe:– an action an action

Bill Bill hoppedhopped, , skippedskipped, and , and ranran down the street. down the street.

– a state a state Her name Her name isis Sally. She Sally. She hashas 3 brothers and a 3 brothers and a sister. or sister. or

– an occurrence/happeningan occurrence/happeningSnow Snow glistened glistened on the tree tops.on the tree tops.

The blackout The blackout occurred occurred after midnight.after midnight.

Helping VerbsHelping Verbs

Helping verbs are words that help the Helping verbs are words that help the main verb. They have no meaning on their main verb. They have no meaning on their own. Helping verbs are needed to make own. Helping verbs are needed to make the sentence grammatically correct. the sentence grammatically correct.

Examples:Examples:

Peter Peter is is going to town.going to town.

Jane Jane would havewould have gone, but she didn’t gone, but she didn’t have a ride.have a ride.

Helping Verb SongHelping Verb Song(Sung to the tune of Jingle Bells)(Sung to the tune of Jingle Bells)

Helping Verbs!  Helping Verbs!  There are 23....Helping Verbs!  Helping Verbs!  There are 23....

Am, is are!  Was and were!  Being, been, and be!Am, is are!  Was and were!  Being, been, and be!

Have, has, had!  Do, does, did!  Have, has, had!  Do, does, did! 

Shall, should, will, and would! Shall, should, will, and would!

There are 5 more helping verbs:  may, might, There are 5 more helping verbs:  may, might, must, can, and could! must, can, and could! 

Helping and Main VerbsHelping and Main Verbs

http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisahttp://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/verb/1help.htms/sunda/verb/1help.htm

Helping Verbs

maymightmust 

bebeingbeenamareiswaswere

(main)

dodoesdid

(main)

shouldcouldwould

havehadhas

(main)

willcanshall

PracticePractice

Student Packet page 81.Student Packet page 81.

Helping VerbHelping Verb Main VerbMain Verb

1. 1. ChrisChris has gonehas gone to the movie. to the movie. hashas gonegone

2. That 2. That workerworker had eatenhad eaten in a café. in a café. hadhad eateneaten

Regular VerbsRegular VerbsRegular verbs will show past tense by Regular verbs will show past tense by

adding –ed.adding –ed.

Today I walk to town.Today I walk to town.

Yesterday I walked to town.Yesterday I walked to town.

Present tense is shown by adding –ing.Present tense is shown by adding –ing.

Right now I am walking to town.Right now I am walking to town.

RulesRulesSome regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the Some regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the

pattern.pattern. For example For example If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (VC)(VC), ,

and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled before adding before adding -ed-ed or or -ing-ing. .

stop – stopped – stopping stop – stopped – stopping

ORORIf the verb ends in If the verb ends in -e-e, drop the e before adding –ed or -ing. , drop the e before adding –ed or -ing.

hope – hoped – hopinghope – hoped – hoping

ORORIf the verb ends in a consonant plus If the verb ends in a consonant plus yy (Cy)(Cy), we change the , we change the yy to to ii and and

add add -es-es or or -ed-ed. In the case of . In the case of -ing-ing, we do not change the , we do not change the yy. . study – studied - studying study – studied - studying

Irregular VerbsIrregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and must be memorized.must be memorized.

On the next 5 slides you will see some On the next 5 slides you will see some irregular verbs. Don’t worry. You have irregular verbs. Don’t worry. You have heard these your whole life. Most you will heard these your whole life. Most you will just know.just know.

Present Past Past Participle

be was, were been

become became become

begin began begun

blow blew blown

break broke broken

bring brought brought

build built built

burst burst burst

buy bought bought

burst burst burst

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came come

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

do did done

drink drank drunk

Present Past Past Participle

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fly flew flown

forbid forbade forbidden

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

freeze froze frozen

get got gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

know knew known

lay laid laid

lead led led

leave left left

let let let

lie lay lain

lose lost lost

make made made

meet met met

pay paid paid

quit quit quit

read read read

ride rode ridden

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

seek sought sought

sell sold sold

send sent sent

shake shook shaken

shine shone shone

sing sang sung

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

speak spoke spoken

spend spent spent

spring sprang sprung

stand stood stood

steal stole stolen

swim swam swum

swing swung swung

take took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

understand understood understood

wake woke (waked) woken (waked)

wear wore worn

win won won

write wrote written

PracticePractice

Page 91Page 91

1. Past participle of to begin 1. Past participle of to begin had begunhad begun

2.2. Past participle of to leavePast participle of to leave had left had left

Page 93Page 93

1.1. Past participle of to sit Past participle of to sit had sathad sat

2.2. Past participle of to grow Past participle of to grow had grownhad grown

PracticePractice

Page 95Page 95

1.1. That That toilettoilet hashas (broke, (broke, brokenbroken) again.) again.

2.2. A credit A credit cardcard waswas ( (stolenstolen, stole) from his , stole) from his wallet.wallet.

Page 97Page 97

1.1. The tomato The tomato plantplant hashas (grew, (grew, growngrown) very large.) very large.

2.2. MartyMarty hadhad (came, (came, comecome) to the party early.) to the party early.

3.3. WeWe could havecould have (swam, (swam, swumswum) for another ) for another hour.hour.

Sit and SetSit and SetSitSit means “ means “to take a seat or sit downto take a seat or sit down.”.”

I want to sit here a while and rest.I want to sit here a while and rest.Sit in the blue chair.Sit in the blue chair.

SetSet means “ means “to place somethingto place something.”.”

Please set this blue chair in that corner.Please set this blue chair in that corner.Set the red cushion on the blue chair.Set the red cushion on the blue chair.

Lie and LayLie and Lay

People lie on beds. Dogs lie on people. People lie on beds. Dogs lie on people. Fleas lie on dogs. The people, the dogs, Fleas lie on dogs. The people, the dogs, and the fleas are very still. Lie is a still and the fleas are very still. Lie is a still verb.verb.

A person picks up a dog and lays it on a A person picks up a dog and lays it on a blanket. A pair of tweezers picks a flea off blanket. A pair of tweezers picks a flea off a dog and lays it outside. A hen lays an a dog and lays it outside. A hen lays an egg. The person, the tweezers, and the egg. The person, the tweezers, and the hen are very active. Lay is an active verb. hen are very active. Lay is an active verb. It implies that somebody is setting or It implies that somebody is setting or placing something somewhere.placing something somewhere.

LieLie (to lie down on a bed) (to lie down on a bed) lie, lay, lain, lyinglie, lay, lain, lying

Today I Today I lielie in bed. in bed.

Yesterday I Yesterday I laylay in bed. in bed.

Many times I have Many times I have lainlain in bed. in bed.

Yesterday I wasYesterday I was lying lying in bed all day. in bed all day.

LyingLying in bed all day is boring. in bed all day is boring.

Lay (to place something, to set Lay (to place something, to set something down)something down)

lay, laid, laid, layinglay, laid, laid, laying

Today I Today I laylay the book on the counter. the book on the counter.Yesterday I Yesterday I laidlaid the book on the counter. the book on the counter.Many times I haveMany times I have laid laid the book on the the book on the

counter.counter.Yesterday I was Yesterday I was layinglaying the book on the the book on the

counter when Mom came home.counter when Mom came home.LayingLaying books on the kitchen counter is books on the kitchen counter is

against the rules in my house.against the rules in my house.

Americans use the words lie and Americans use the words lie and lay incorrectly so often that your lay incorrectly so often that your ear has trouble telling you which ear has trouble telling you which is correct. Here are a few tips to is correct. Here are a few tips to help you keep these words help you keep these words straight.straight.

Tip Tip

Remember the verb lay works just Remember the verb lay works just like like to sayto say and and to payto pay. Those . Those verbs are irregular, but they aren’t verbs are irregular, but they aren’t confusing. confusing.

Today I say that I pay; yesterday I Today I say that I pay; yesterday I said that I paid; many times I said that I paid; many times I have said that I have paid. To lay have said that I have paid. To lay works the same. lay, laid, laidworks the same. lay, laid, laid

Tip 2Tip 2

Nobody says that hens lie eggs. Nobody says that hens lie eggs. We all get that one correct: hens We all get that one correct: hens lay eggs. Those hens are mighty lay eggs. Those hens are mighty busy! Just visualize in your mind busy! Just visualize in your mind how active and busy those hens how active and busy those hens are. Lay is an active, busy word. are. Lay is an active, busy word. When you’re doing something When you’re doing something active (laying down your backpack, active (laying down your backpack, laying a new rug on the floor), lay is laying a new rug on the floor), lay is the word you want.the word you want.

Tip 3Tip 3Remember that Remember that lielie is a quiet word. is a quiet word.

Here’s a silly ditty you can use to Here’s a silly ditty you can use to remind yourself of that (notice all the remind yourself of that (notice all the “eye” sounds): “eye” sounds): At night, I turn out At night, I turn out my light and lie.my light and lie. Whether it’s on you Whether it’s on you sofa, on your beach towel, or on your sofa, on your beach towel, or on your bed, if you are quietly reclining, bed, if you are quietly reclining, you’re lying – never laying.you’re lying – never laying.

Tip 4 Tip 4 Substitute the word Substitute the word placeplace or the word or the word

putput. If the sentence sounds right, . If the sentence sounds right, lay lay is is the word you want. If it doesn’t sound the word you want. If it doesn’t sound right, lie is the word you want. Does it right, lie is the word you want. Does it sound right to say that you place the sound right to say that you place the book on the table? Yes, so it’s correct to book on the table? Yes, so it’s correct to say that you lay the book on the table. say that you lay the book on the table. Does it sound right to say you place in Does it sound right to say you place in your bed at night? No, so it’s correct to your bed at night? No, so it’s correct to say that you lie in your bed at night.say that you lie in your bed at night.

Troublesome VerbsTroublesome Verbs

PresentPresent Present Present ParticipleParticiple"to be" "to be"

PastPast Past ParticiplePast Participle FutureFuture

To lieTo lie she liesshe lies she is lyingshe is lying she layshe lay she has lainshe has lain she will lieshe will lie

To layTo lay she lays (it)she lays (it) She is layingShe is laying she laid (it)she laid (it) she has laid (it)she has laid (it) she will lay (it)she will lay (it)

To sitTo sit he sitshe sits he is sittinghe is sitting he sathe sat he has sathe has sat he will sithe will sit

To setTo set he sets (it)he sets (it) he is settinghe is setting he set (it)he set (it) he has set (it)he has set (it) he will set (it)he will set (it)

Direct ObjectDirect Object

In the next assignment you will be crossing In the next assignment you will be crossing out prepositional phrases and identifying out prepositional phrases and identifying direct objects.direct objects.

Remember Remember A prepositional phrase will begin with a A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun or preposition and end with a noun or pronoun.pronoun. subjectsubject + + verbverb + + what?what? or or who?who? = = direct direct objectobject

PracticePractice

Page 109Page 1091.1. A A surfersurfer (lay, (lay, laidlaid) his board on the sand. ) his board on the sand. 2.2. My My grandfathergrandfather ( (sitssits, sets) by a stream , sets) by a stream

during fishing season.during fishing season.

Page 111Page 1112.2. JennyJenny isis (laying, (laying, lyinglying) in the sun without ) in the sun without

a hat.a hat.3.3. That That ladylady always ( always (sitssits, sets) in the sun , sets) in the sun

without a hat.)without a hat.)

DO

Linking VerbsLinking Verbs

Linking verbs are words that connect the Linking verbs are words that connect the subject to additional information about the subject to additional information about the subject. subject.

Linking verbs connect the subject to a Linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or predicate adjective.predicate noun or predicate adjective.

Examples Examples

George Washington George Washington becamebecame the first the first president.president.Paul Paul isis nine years old. nine years old.

Linking VerbsLinking Verbs

The most common linking verb is the verb The most common linking verb is the verb to beto be..

Other common linking verbs are forms of Other common linking verbs are forms of – to becometo become – to seemto seem– to appearto appear– to lookto look– to feelto feel– to soundto sound– to tasteto taste– to smellto smell

PracticePractice

Page 125Page 125

1.1. The The skysky isis cloudy. cloudy. cloudy skycloudy sky

2.2. His His ringring isis gold. gold. gold ringgold ring

Page 131Page 131

1.1. ____LL___ The ___ The fudgefudge becamebecame sticky. sticky.

2.2. ____LL___ The ___ The floorfloor behind the stove behind the stove grewgrew dirty. dirty.

3.3. ____AA___ I walked to the store.___ I walked to the store.

PA

PA

was

was

PracticePractice

Page 133Page 133

1.1. ____LL___ Our ___ Our catcat seemsseems sick. sick.

2.2. ____LL___ His ___ His ideaidea soundedsounded terrific. terrific.

is

was

Subject/Verb AgreementSubject/Verb Agreement

Subjects and verbs must work Subjects and verbs must work together. They must agree. A verb together. They must agree. A verb that ends in a single -s, -es, or -that ends in a single -s, -es, or -ies  is used with a singular noun.ies  is used with a singular noun.

ExamplesExamples

Singular SubjectSingular Subject Singular VerbSingular Verb

Little BearLittle Bear bellowsbellows

OmriOmri sharesshares

FireFire glowsglows

PatrickPatrick fixesfixes

A verb that A verb that does notdoes not end in a end in a single s, es, or ies is used with a single s, es, or ies is used with a plural noun.plural noun.

ExamplesExamples

Plural SubjectPlural Subject Plural VerbPlural Verb

a cowboy and his horsea cowboy and his horse bellowbellow

cowboyscowboys shareshare

The two firesThe two fires glowglow

Patrick’s parentsPatrick’s parents fixfix

Brain PopBrain Pop

Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the quiz.quiz.

http://http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/subjewww.brainpop.com/english/grammar/subjectverbagreementctverbagreement//

PracticePractice

Page 137Page 137

1.1. A A guideguide ( (liveslives, live) in those mountains., live) in those mountains.

2.2. MargoMargo ( (staysstays, stay) with her grandmother., stay) with her grandmother.

Page 139Page 139

1.1. The dog (bark, The dog (bark, barksbarks) throughout the ) throughout the night.night.

2.2. This This documentdocument ( (isis, are) very important., are) very important.

PracticePractice

Page 143Page 143

1.1. His His friendsfriends ( (sitsit, sits) beside me on the , sits) beside me on the bus.bus.

2.2. Gold Gold minersminers ( (searchsearch, searches) for gold , searches) for gold in the Superstition Mountains.in the Superstition Mountains.

PracticePractice

Page 141Page 141

1.1. Those Those trainstrains ( (traveltravel, travels) through a , travels) through a tunnel.tunnel.

2.2. Some Some cookscooks ( (makemake, makes) lasagna , makes) lasagna without meat.without meat.

DO

Verb TensesVerb TensesPresent, Past, or FuturePresent, Past, or Future

There are three main verb tenses:There are three main verb tenses:– PresentPresent– PastPast– FutureFuture

Practice - Page 151Practice - Page 151

1.1. PresentPresent TerryTerry rollerskatesrollerskates to his friend’s house. to his friend’s house.

2.2. PastPast TerryTerry rollerskatedrollerskated with his sister. with his sister.

3.3. FutureFuture Tonight, Tonight, TerryTerry will rollerskatewill rollerskate around the around the park.park.

PracticePractice

Page 153Page 153

1.1. __presentpresent__ These __ These girlsgirls swimswim in the in the ocean.ocean.

2.2. __futurefuture___ ___ MomMom will swimwill swim twenty laps. twenty laps.

3.3. __pastpast____ My ____ My cousincousin swamswam on a high on a high school team.school team.

PracticePractice

Page 155Page 155

1.1. Past tense of to decide ___Past tense of to decide ___decideddecided______

2.2. Present tense of to choose _Present tense of to choose _choose, choose, chooses__chooses__