Verb FlashcardsBelow is a list of the verb flashcards that we suggest you make.1.haythere is, there are2.Present IndicativeI speakI do speakI am speaking3.hablar (to speak)hablohablashablahablamoshablishablan4.comer (to eat)comocomescomecomemoscomiscomen5.vivir (to live)vivovivesvivevivimosvivsviven6.ser (to be)soyeresessomossoisson7.estar (to be)estoyestsestestamosestisestn8.Uses of serthe hour, day, and dateplace of originoccupationnationalityreligious or political affiliationthe material something is made ofpossessionrelationship of one person to anothercertain impersonal expressionswhere an event is taking placeessential qualities9.Uses of estargeographic or physical locationstate or conditionmany idiomatic expressionsprogressive tenses10.Ser and estar (contrasting uses)When a noun follows the verb, use serWhen an adjective follows the verb, decide between "essence" and "condition"To tell where something is from, use serTo tell where something is located right now, use estarTo tell where an event is taking place, use ser11.tener (to have)venir (to come)tengo / vengotienes / vienestiene / vienetenemos / venimostenis / venstienen / vienen12.o:ue stem-changers (dormir)duermoduermesduermedormimosdormsduermen(almorzar, contar, costar, volver, recordar, volar)13.e:ie stem-changers (cerrar)cierrocierrascierracerramoscerriscierran(comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder, preferir)14.e:i stem-changers (repetir)repitorepitesrepiterepetimosrepetsrepiten(decir (yo digo), despedir, medir, pedir, servir)15.estar, ir, darestoy - voy - doyests - vas - dasest - va - daestamos - vamos - damosestis - vais - daisestn - van - dan16.Ir a + infinitiveTo be going to do something(voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van)17.Acabar de + infinitiveTo have just done something(acabo, acabas, acaba, acabamos, acabis, acaban)18.Volver a + infinitiveTo do something again(vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvis, vuelven)19.A Juan le gusta el libro.A Juan le gustan los libros.To "like" something20.Present Progressiveestar + present participleI am speaking (right now, at this moment)Neveruse present progressive for something that will occur in the future.21.Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo)hablar - hablando (-ar)comer - comiendo (-er)vivir - viviendo (-ir)decir - diciendo (e:i)dormir - durmiendo (o:u)leer - leyendo (orthographic)seguir:siguiendo(orthographic)22 - 35.22. caber (to fit)yo quepo23. caer (to fall)yo caigo24. conducir (to drive)yo conduzco25. conocer (to know, to be acquainted with)yo conozco26. escoger (to choose)yo escojo27. dirigir (to direct)yo dirijo28. hacer (to do, to make)yo hago29. poner (to put, to place)yo pongo30. saber (to know something - a fact)yo s31. salir (to leave)yo salgo32. seguir (to follow)yo sigo33. traer (to bring)yo traigo34. valer (to be worth)yo valgo35. ver (to see)yo veo36.SabervsConocersaber:to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart)conocer:to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)37.PedirvsPreguntarpedir:to ask (for an object or a service)preguntar:to ask (a question, request information)38.lavarseto wash oneselfyomelavottelavaslselavaellaselavaustedselavanosotrosnoslavamosnosotrasnoslavamosvosotrososlavisvosotrasoslavisustedesselavanellosselavanellasselavan39.Preterite: regular -ar verbs--aste--amos-asteis-aronhabl, hablaste, habl, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron40.Imperfect: regular -ar verbs-aba-abas-aba-bamos-abais-abanhablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablbamos, hablabais, hablaban41.Preterite: regular -er--iste-i-imos-isteisieroncom, comiste, comi, comimos, comisteis, comieron42.Preterite: regular -ir verbs--iste-i-imos-isteisieronviv, viviste, vivi, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron43.Imperfect: regular -er-a-as-a-amos-ais-ancoma, comas, coma, comamos, comais, coman44.Imperfect: regular -ir-a-as-a-amos-ais-anviva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivais, vivan45.Preterite: ser, irfuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisfueron46.Preterite: dar, hacerdidistediodimosdisteisdieronhicehicistehizohicimoshicisteishicieron47.Imperfect: ser, ir, verserirver

eraibavea

erasibasveas

eraibavea

ramosbamosveamos

eraisibaisveais

eranibanvean

48.Expressions that signal use of preteriteayer(yesterday)la semana pasada(last week)anoche(last night)el mes pasado(last month)el otro da(the other day)el ao pasado(last year)entonces(then)hace dos das, aos(two days, years ago)esta maana(this morning)ayer por la maana(yesterday morning)49.Expressions that signal use of imperfecta menudo(often)generalmente(usually)a veces(sometimes)muchas veces(many times)cada da(every day)siempre(always)cada ao(every year)todo el tiempo(all the time)de vez en cuando(from time to time)varias veces(several times)50.-ar and -er stem-changing verbs do not change in the preteritecerrarentender

cerrentend

cerrasteentendiste

cerrentendi

cerramosentendimos

cerrasteisentendisteis

cerraronentendieron

51.-ir stem-changing verbs do change in the preterite (e:i and o:u third person singular and plural)preferirdormir

preferdorm

preferistedormiste

prefiridurmi

preferimosdormimos

preferisteisdormisteis

prefirierondurmieron

52.preterite: creer, caer, leer, orcrecrestecreycremoscresteiscreyeron53.preterite: huir, construir, contribuir, incluirhuhuistehuyhuimoshuisteishuyeron54.preterite: decir, traerdijetraje

dijistetrajiste

dijotrajo

dijimostrajimos

dijisteistrajisteis

dijerontrajeron

55.preterite: vervivisteviovimosvisteisvieron56.preterite: -ucir (producir, conducir, traducir)produjeprodujisteprodujoprodujimosprodujisteisprodujeron57.irregular preterite pattern:andar, estar, tener, caber, haber, poder, poner, saber, hacer, querer, venirInfinitiveStem ChangeEndings

andaranduv--e

estarestuv--iste

tenertuv--o

cabercup--imos

haberhub--isteis

poderpud--ieron

ponerpus-

sabersup-

hacerhic-

quererquis-

venirvin-

Exception: hacer (el/ella/usted hizo)58.Indicative Moodcertainty and objectivitySubjunctive Mooduncertainty and subjectivity59.Present Subjunctive - hablarhablehableshablehablemoshablishablen60.Present Subjunctive - comercomacomascomacomamoscomiscoman61.Present Subjunctive - vivirvivavivasvivavivamosvivisvivan62.Present Subjunctive - verbs with irregular first persons in present indicativeconocer - conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcis, conozcantener - tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengis, tengansalir - salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgis, salgan63.Present Subjunctive - -ar and -er stem-changing verbsConjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change does not occur in the nosotros/vosotros forms:pensarpiensepiensespiensepensemospensispiensen64.Present Subjunctive - -ir stem-changing verbsConjugate just like regular subjunctives (using "yo" form of the indicative) except the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i.:dormir- durmamossentir- sintamospedir- pidamos65.-zar: z changes to c before e(present subjunctive)empezar (e:ie)empieceempiecesempieceempecemosempecisempiecen66.-ger or -gir: g changes to j before a(present subjunctive)escogerescojaescojasescojaescojamosescojisescojan67.-guir: gu changes to g before a(present subjunctive)seguir (e:i)sigasigassigasigamossigissigan68.-car: c changes to qu before e-gar g changes to gu before e(present subjunctive)buscar / pagarbusque / paguebusques / paguesbusque / paguebusquemos / paguemosbusquis paguisbusquen / paguen69.uir: add y before a(present subjunctive)huirhuyahuyashuyahuyamoshuyishuyan70.Present Subjunctive - darddesddemosdeisden71.Present Subjunctive - estarestestsestestemosestisestn72.Present Subjunctive - haberhayahayashayahayamoshayishayan73.Present Subjunctive - irvayavayasvayavayamosvayisvayan74.Present Subjunctive - sabersepasepassepasepamossepissepan75.Present Subjunctive - serseaseasseaseamosseissean76.Present Subjunctive - desireesperar queinsistir en quemandar quepreferir queprohibir quequerer quees aconsejable quees necesario quepedir querecomendar querogar quesugerir que77.Present Subjunctive - ignorance or doubtdudar quees improbable quees incierto quees posible queno creer quepuede ser quees aconsejable quetemer que78.Present Subjunctive - impersonal expressionses bueno quees importante quees posible quees raro quees malo quees ridculo quees terrible quepuede ser que79.Present Subjunctive - incompleted actionsa menos queantes de quecon tal de quedespus de quehasta quemientras quetan pronto como80.Formal Commands (Imperative)Use the present subjunctive formsHable Ud.Speak.No hable Ud.Don't speak.Coma Ud.Eat.No coma Ud.Don't eat.Escriba Ud.Write.No escriba Ud.Don't write.81.Irregular Formal Commands (Imperative)Same irregulars as the present subjunctive formsdard Ud.den Uds.estarest Ud.estn Uds.irvaya Ud.vayan Uds.sersea Ud.sean Uds.sabersepa Ud.sepan Uds.82.Informal (t) Commands (Imperative)Affirmative: Use the present indicative Ud. formNegative: Use the present subjunctive t formHabla.Speak.No hables.Don't speak.Come.Eat.No comas.Don't eat.Escribe.Write.No escribas.Don't write.83.Irregular Informal (t) Commands (Imperative)(Affirmative Only)decir - disalir - sal

hacer - hazser - s

ir - vetener - ten

poner - ponvenir - ven

84.Pronoun placement with commandsAffirmative commands: attach to verbNegative commands: precede verbTrigaselas.No se las traiga.85.Informal (vosotros) Commands (Imperative)Affirmative: Change the final "r" of the infinitive to "d"Negative: Use the present subjunctive vosotros formHablad.Speak.No hablis.Don't speak.Comed.Eat.No comis.Don't eat.Escribid.Write.No escribis.Don't write.86.Nosotros commands (let's ...). Use present subjunctive (except ir)Comamos all.No comamos all.Vamos ahora.No vayamos ahora.87.Indirect commands Use "que + present subjunctive"Que entre Mara.Let Mara come in.Que vengan a las cuatro.Have them come at four o'clock.88.Future TenseInfinitive + ending(-, -s, -, -emos, -is, -n)89.Future Tense Irregularscaberyocabrponeryopondrdeciryodirhaberyohabrsaliryosaldrhaceryoharpoderyopodrteneryotendrquereryoquerrvaleryovaldrsaberyosabrveniryovendr90.Past ParticipleInfinitive - ending + ado/ido(hablado, comido, vivido)91.Past Participle Irregularsabrir(to open) -abierto(open)cubrir(to cover) -cubierto(covered)decir(to say) -dicho(said)escribir(to write) -escrito(written)frer(to fry) -frito(fried)hacer(to do) -hecho(done)morir(to die) -muerto(dead)poner(to put) -puesto(put)resolver(to resolve) -resuelto(resolved)romper(to break) -roto(broken)ver(to see) -visto(seen)volver(to return) -vuelto(returned)92.Present Perfecthaber + past participlehe hablado, he comido, he vividohehashahemoshabishan93.Past Perfecthaber + past participlehaba hablado, haba comido, haba vividohabahabashabahabamoshabaishaban94.Future Perfecthaber + past participlehabr hablado, habr comido, habr vividohabrhabrshabrhabremoshabrishabrn95.Conditional TenseInfinitive + ending(-a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -an)96.Conditional Tense Irregularscaberyocabraponeryopondradeciryodirahaberyohabrasaliryosaldrahaceryoharapoderyopodrateneryotendraquereryoquerravaleryovaldrasaberyosabraveniryovendra