VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF LOWER LIMB

VENOUS DRAINAGE

Veins of Lower Limb

SuperficialVeins

DeepVeins

PerforatingVeins

Greater Saphenous

Vein

Small Saphenous

Vein

Femoral Vein

Profunda Femoris

Vein

Popliteal Vein

Peroneal Vein

Anterior &

Posterior Tibial Vein

The veins of the lower limb can be divided into 3 main categories: Superficial Veins Deep Veins Perforating Veins

SUPERFICIAL VEINSThese are beneath the skin in the superficial fascia, named as: Great Saphenous Vein Short Saphenous Vein

GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN Arises at medial aspect of dorsal venous arch when it merges with the dorsal vein of the big toe Passes anterior to medial malleolus Courses superiorly in medial aspect of leg Runs over the posterior border of the medial condyle of the femur

It traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata 1.5 inches or 4cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle

It also anastomoses with the small saphenous vein Empties into femoral vein

TRIBUTARIES In the sole: medial marginal vein In the lower leg : anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein In the knee: popliteal vein In the thigh: posteromedial aspect gives accessory saphenous vein Lateral and anterior r cutaneous veins of the thigh At the saphenous opening, it receives: superficial epigastric vein

superficial circumflex iliac vein

superficial external pudendal vein

SHORT SAPHENOUS VEIN Arises at lateral side of dorsal venous arch when it merges with

the dorsal vein of the little digit Passes posterior to lateral malleolus Passes superiorly at posterior aspect of calf Ascends between the heads of gastrocnemius muscle Pierces fascia of popliteal fossa Drains into popliteal vein

PERFORATING VEINS Allows the blood to flow only from superficial to deep veins. To achieve compression, these veins have an oblique angle so that the back flow of blood is

prevented when the muscle contracts Superficial to deep venous blood flow is important because it propels the blood to the heart

against gravity.

DEEP VEINSANTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

The anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is formed when it joins with the posterior tibial vein.

The anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an anterior tibial artery.

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN

POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN The posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior

compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein.

The posterior tibial vein is accompanied by posterior tibial artery.

PERONEAL VEIN The fibular veins are deep veins that help carry blood from the lateral compartment of the leg. They drain into the posterior tibial veins, which will in turn drain into the popliteal vein. The fibular veins accompany the fibular artery.

POPLITEAL VEIN Formed at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by the union of the anterior and posterior

tibial veins and continues as the femoral vein

PROFUNDA FEMORIS VEIN Profunda femoris vein (or deep femoral vein) is a large deep vein in the thigh. It receives blood from the inner thigh and proceeds superiorly and medially running alongside the

profunda femoris artery to join the femoral vein.

FEMORAL VEIN The femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as hunter's canal) and is a continuation of

the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF LOWER LIMB

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes Horizontal group Vertical group

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODES

HORIZONTAL GROUPBelow the inguinal ligament

Medial members: These receive the lymph from: Anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus Perineum Urethra Lower half of anal canal

Lateral members:

Receive the lymph from the back below the iliac crests

VERTICAL GROUP: Along the terminal part of great saphenous vein, receive lymph from: Lower limb Skin Fascia

DEEP INGUINAL LYMPH NODESLie beneath the deep fascia along the medial side of femoral vein, receive the lymph from: Superficial inguinal lymph nodes Popliteal nodes

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