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GREEK VERBS

VEITCH

HENRY FROWDE

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE

AMEN CORNER,

E.G.

GREEK VERBSIRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVETHEIRl~

FORMS MEANING AND QUANTITY

Embracing

all the Tenses used by the

Greek Writers, with References

to the

Passages in which they are found

BY

WILLIAM VEITCH,

LL.D. EDIN.

NEW EDITION

Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESSM DCCC LXXXVII[

A II

rights reserved]

PREFACE.result ofl

THIS book, on the Irregular and Defective Greek much toilsome labour and anxious thought

Verbs,

is

the

Greek Authors,to

the course of extensive and rather accurate reading of the I had been accustomed to mark whatever occurredas rare or peculiar in form, quantity, and meaning. This me to supply authority in cases where none had been

me

often enabled

previously given, and often to supply even tenses which had been denied to exist.

Thethe

chief peculiarities which distinguish same subject are the following:

this

book from others on

First, the history of the verb is more fully developed by being traced to a later period of the language, and the prose usage given commensurately with the poetic. I never could see the propriety

of accepting parts and forms peculiar to the Anthology, but rejecting those which occur first in Aristotle, Polybius, Arrian, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lucian, etc. This fuller development will be of

no

slight

advantage to the advanced scholar

;

and

I

have taken care

to prevent its proving injurious to the less advanced whose attention should be confined chiefly to what is strictly classical by

marking

as late those parts

and forms which are not foundlist

in the

purer writers. Second, I have enlarged considerably the

authority for every part for which authority could present as well as for the derivative tenses.

of verbs, and given be found, for the

Third and what I hold of capital importance I have always given the parts in the simple form when I could find them, and in no instance have I given a compound without warning, or exhibiting its composition. The giving as simple forms those which thevitiates

Greeks uniformly employed as compound, is a fault that deeply every book on the subject, and a fault of perhaps graver import than may on first thoughts be very obvious. It is easy to But to what extent, and say that the compound infers the simple.

2037879

vi

PREFACE.what senseis

in

is

this true

r

Legitimate analogical formation

is

one

thing, usageliqui,

another.

The Romans of the classictollo, tollere,

period said linquo,sustuli,

linquere, but re-lictus ;

but

sublatum

;

not specio, etc., etc. r and we say deceive, perceive, receive, but never ceive; preserve,, observe, reserve, never : in this sense, the simple serve.elicio,

not lacio

;

inspicio,

This might be followed out to great length, but it is enough for purpose merely to indicate the line of investigation, and to suggest an analogous case in other languages, especially in our own in which we can feel more strongly and finely. From the frequent absence of simples in whole or in part, and from the analogy of

my

other languages, is it not a natural and legitimate inference that the Greeks would have felt it as strange to hear certain of their compound verbs used in the simple form as we should do to hear

some of ours?

No

doubt changes introduced by time, accident,

use and wont, the absence of such combinations of circumstances as require the simple, the fact that compounds lose their more

prominent distinctiveness and thus serve the purpose of simples, degradation from written or confinement to spoken speech, usurpa-

by other verbs identical or akin in meaning, loss of records, and other causes may go far towards accounting for certain curious phenomena in language ; but let us have correct data from which The investigation let us have what the Greeks wrote. to reason is an interesting one, and I should be glad if it were taken up bytion:

some person who has

sufficient leisure, a

mind of

sufficientdiffer.

compass,

and duly exercised by use to discern the things that

I have uniformly used the best editions of the Greek Authors, and have thus been enabled to exhibit the Irregular and Defective Verbs somewhat more in accordance with the now approved Texts than has hitherto been done. Some books of considerable merit have been greatly marred by the use of uncritical editions. In

cases of disputed readings, instead of arbitrating myself, I have given what in a book like this ought always to be given the MSS.

and Editors that support each reading

;

and have thus furnished the

scholar with the proper data, the external grounds at least, for guiding his decision. All my references are the result of my own

reading

I have not borrowed them from others, except in a few ; very late Authors, Philo for instance, Apollinaris, etc., and these To Buttmann and Matthiae I am much inI owe to Lobeck.

debted.list

Buttmann on Epic

diction has

of Irregular Verbs in the third

German

no equal; and Matthiae's edition of his Greek

PREFACE.Grammar(untranslated)is

vii

one of the best

I

have seen.

I

have also

derived advantage from the Paris edition of Stephens' Thesaurus, and several useful hints from the works of Poppo, Kriiger, and AhrenSc

Extreme care has been taken

so essentially important in a. svork like this. disturbing biases, so many risks of going wrong,

to secure accuracy in every respect, But amid so manyit

will

be marvellousslipped

indeed

if I

have in

all

cases gone right.

My

eye

may have

over errors,

my judgment

over graver

faults.

In this second edition, I have corrected error and supplied defect by reading again the newest recensions of the classical, and ex-

tending

my reading of the later writers. I have also tried so to arrange the vouchers as to shew the usage general or confined to a class of each part of the verb, as well as the defects and dialecticpeculiarities.

The book

has thus been brought nearer to

its

aim

of being a trustworthy guide to the pupil and the teacher, and of some use perhaps also to the textualist and the advanced amateurscholar.I feel grateful to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press for their scholarly generosity in bringing out this book, so little fitted however good and useful its aim to engage the favour of the Trade

1865.

The

third edition

is

additions and alterations

a severe revision of the second, with such as seemed to be necessary or useful.

I gratefully acknowledge some important corrections and suggestions kindly communicated by the Dean of Christ Church.

1871.

In this fourth edition, besides a general revision, the references

have been largely increased, Dialectic peculiarities more carefully noted, and a few verbs added noteworthy chiefly for considerable I defect. gladly accord due thanks to Dr. G. Curtius, Leipsic, and

Dr. Pokel, Prenzlau, for kindly drawing seemly errors.1879.

my

attention to

some un-

W.

V.

PRINCIPAL EDITIONSTO WHICH REFERENCES ARE MADE.Homer: Bekker, La Roche.meister,Spitzner,:

Dindorf,

Hymns, Batr.Draheim.HesiodPindar:

Francke, Bau-

Hippocrates: Kiihn, Littre, Erm. Bekker, Poppo, Kru'g. Xenophon L. Dind. Poppo, Bornem.

Thucydides:

:

Goettling, Lennep, Schoem.

Kriig. Sauppe, &c. Attic Oral. Bekk. Baiter and Sauppe,:

Flach.:

Boeckh,

Schneidew.

Bergk,

Mommsen,

Christ.

Maetzn. Dind. Scheibe, Francke. Plato : Bekk. Bait. Orell. Winckel. \Aristotle: Bekker.Theophrastus Schneider, Wimmer. Polybius Bekker, L. Dind. Hultsch. Diodor. Siculus : Tauchnitz, Bekker, L. Dind. Dion. Halicarnas. Reiske, Tauchnitz,: ::

Elegiac, Iamb. Lyr.* and Dithyramb.

Poets : Bergk, Schneidew. Ahrens. Poetae Scenici (Aesch. Soph. Eur. Aristoph.): Pors. Elms. Herm. Blomf. Linw. Dind. Franz; references uniformly to Dind. (5 ed.) Comic Fragments (Com. or C. Fr.)

Kiessling.

:

Plutarch Vit.

Meineke.Orphica Hermann. Anthology ( Anthol. or Anth.) Jacobs, Tauchnitz, Meineke. Theocritus : Meineke, Ziegler, Paley,:

Bekk. Sintenis. Moral.: Wyttenb. Diibner.:

Arrian

:

Ellendt, Kriiger.

:

Lucian

:

Bekk,:

Jacobitz,

Dindorf,

Fritzsche.

Pausanias:

Siebel, Dind. Schubart.

Fritzsche.

Aratus

:

Manetho

Bekker. Axt and Rigler, Koechly.: :

Lycophron

Bachm.:

Callimachus

Ernest. Blomf. Meineke.

Appian Bekker, Mendelssohn. Dio Cassius Tauchnitz, Bekker,L. Dind. Strabo Kramer. Alciphron Wagner, Meineke. Athenaeus Dind. Tauchnitz.:

:

:

:

Ap. Rhodius : Wellauer, Merkel. Nicander : Gottl. and Otto Schneider.Babrius:

Lachm. Lewis.:

Dionys. Perieg.

Passow.

Oppian

:

Schneider.

Quint. Sm. : Tauchnitz, Koechly. Nonnus: Graefe, Koechly. Herodotus Bekker, Gaisf. Dind. &c.:

Diog. Laertius: Tauchnitz. Aelian: Schneider, Hercher. Stobaeus Tauchnitz, Gaisf. Meineke. Chariton D'Orville, Hercher. Longus Seiler, Hercher. Hercher. Epistologr. Graeci: : : :

Pseudo-Callisth.

:

Miiller,

MeuseL

&c. &c.

* Anacr. the genuine, Anacreont. the spurious Fr, of Anacreon.

GREEK VERBSIRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE.To injure mentally infatuate, 1 aor. (aaera), "aa 237,"aao-e Matron, Athen. 4, 135, "dda-' Od. 21, 296, -o-e 2 97> Q- Sm. 13, 429, COntr. acre Od. II, 6l, "ddaav, IO, 68; now Soph. Fr. 554; ao-at Aesch. Fr. 428: 1 aor pass, ada-d^v('Adw) Epic,II. 8,

4, 253; Ap. Rh. 4, 412, adtrdrjs Hym. 113 subj. uao-% Hes. Op. 283 (Schaef. aao-Qtts Od. 21, 301; ado-dt) Hym. Cer. 246; Mid. adrat (ddercu) as act. II. 19, 129 aor. Ap. Rh. 4, 1080. aao-d/xjji' intrans. I erred, II. 9, 119. 19, 137 (dao-d/xeo-tfa Q. Sm.II.

19,

136; H.

Hym.19,

Cer. 258, ado-0>7 Goettl. Dind.) ;

II.

;

:

5,

422.

9,

509), aao-aro(?) II.

II.

9,

537,

aao-- II,

340, but trans, "dcraro

19, 95 (Vulg. Wolf, Heyne); and if correct aaa-avro tore, Fr. Incert. 39, 3 Vb. *aaro? (Bergk), see below. (-TOS Buttm.) hurtful, Ap. Rh. i, 459, with d priv. d-daros Od.

misled,

duped

22, 5, a-aa- II. 14, 271, inviolable, av-dros Aesch. Ag. 121 1 ; Soph. O. C. 786. At II. 19, 95 quoted, Bekker, Spitzner, and Dindorf, instead of Zijv ua-aro the common reading, adopt Zevs aa-aro with Aristarchus. By this change the aor. mid. would lose its only instance of

Fr. Inc. 39, 3,3, 4, 4.

active force in classic Greek, unless Bergk's suggestion dao-avro be correct for 8d signifyingphysical harm.It certainly is not established by the quotation from Hesychius, dda-avTo, e/3Xa\^av, for, as far as documentary evidence goes, Hesych. may be merely defining his own notions of Epic usage; and even if he have a wider reference to authors

not now extant it is still not decisive, for the equivalent 6/3Xa^av has notoriously a double aspect, tfrptvas /SXaTn-etv II. 15, 724, as well as yovvara 7, 271.;

'

'A/3a/ce&>

To

&

speechless,

know

not

(/3dfa>),

Epic, and onlydjSaKifo/xoi is

aor. dftdKrjvav Od. 4, 249.

The

collateral

mid. form

used in participle only, -opevuv Anacr. 74 (Bergk.) (5/3a-). 'AfJoXew To meet, Orph. Arg. 472 if sound: fut. a/JoX^o-o) Ap. Rh. 3, 1145; Hesych. in use chiefly aor. d^dX^o-a Callim. Fr.:

455; Ap. Rh.

2,

770.

'A|3poTd(i> (d(fi)ppoTeii', dfiapTdvu) 70 miss, Epic, and only 1 aor. subj. d/3pordo/iei/ for -w/iec, II. IO, 65. 'A/Jpuvu (u) To make fine, adorn (d/3pdy), only pres. Aesch. Ag. 919; late prose, Philostr. V. Soph. 2, 3: and aor. opt.afipvvaisoneself,

^

Eur.

I.

Anth. (Leon. Tar.) 6, 281. Mid. d^pvvofiai to pride &c. Attic poet. Aesch. Ag. 1205; Soph. O. C. 1339; A. 858; Himer. Or. 5, 8. 13, imp. i]$pvv6p.r}v Attic

n

:

prose, Xen. Ages. 9, 2 ; PI. Apol. 20. 'Ayd^u To be greatly moved, feel displeasure, adore, &c. Poet,

and in act. only 2 sing, dydfeis Soph. Fr. 797 and inf. dyd&iv Aesch. Supp. 1063. Mid. as act. dya&vrai (Hesych.); d Pind. N. 1 1, 6 imp. Tjyd&ro late, Orph. Arg. 64 fut. dyd; ::

and aor. rjyavd^v &c. are perhaps'Ayatojiai

better referred to aya/tat.

To

be indignant, Epic, Ion.-erat

Archil.

Ap. Rh.138.

25 (Bergk), i, 899; Her.

Hes. Op. 333;8,

and only pres. -d/ieros Od. 20, 16;admire,

69;

late,

to

Opp. Hal.

4,

(d.)

'AyaXXidu 70 rejoice, unclassic, and act. rare, N. T. Rev. 19, 7 (Mss. A. C. Lach. Tisch.): imp. qyaXXt'ow Nicet. Eugen. 9, 285: aor. fjyaXXiaa-a only Luc. i, 47. Usu. mid. dyaXXido/u (classicoydXXo/xat)

V. T. Jer. 49 (30), 4: fut. -tdtro^ai Esai. 35, 2 ; Herm. Past. 5, i : aor. ^yoXXiaerd^j/ Ps. 15, 9; N. T. Joh. 8, 56; Orig. Ref. Haer. p. 243 (Miller) : and in same sense aor. pass. ^yaX\ida-6r)v Ps. 47, 12. 69, 5; -ao-^i/at N. T. Joh. 5, 35 (Vat.

For dyaXXiw/ie> Rev. have mid. -loyietfa, and for ^yaXXiW* Luc. i, 47, Bretschneider would read mid. -do-aro on the ground that the TO of the verb had been lost owing to the article TO immediately following. The best Mss. however present, andGriesb.), -adr/vat (Sinait. Lach. Tisch.)19, 7,

some Mss. and

edit,

the best editors retain, the aor. act. 'AyaXXw To adorn, Pind. N. 5, 43

;

Eur. H. F. 379

;

93147

;

-XXj; ibid.;

-XXcov

Pind. Ol.

i,

86

:

imp.

f}ya\\ov

PI. Leg. D. Cass.

dyaXw Ar. Pax 399; D. Cass. 44, 48. 59, 3; subj. dyiyXw Com. Fr. (Herm.) 2, 383; opt. dyr/Xai Aristid. 10, 68 -tuv D. Cass. 66, 2; inf. dyf/Xat Eur. Med. 1027: (p. p. (D.), Mid. ^yaX/^at?): aor. pass, late dyu\6^vai D. Cass. 51, 20.

Com.

*8. 57, 10. Fr. 57, 40 (Bekk.): Fr. (Theop.) 2, 810: 1 aor.

fut.

^Xa

dydXXo/icu

am proud,

II.

18,

132; Archil. 6 (Bergk); Eur. Bac.

1197; Ar. Pax 1298; Her. 4, 64; Thuc. 3, 82; PL Theaet. 176 imper. -\eo Archil. 66, 4: imp. qyaXXo'/^i/ Eur. Tr. 452 ; Her. i, 143. 9, 109 (Bekk.); Thuc. 2, 44; Xen. Ages. 5, 3, We have never met perf. pass, except dyaXX- Or. Sib. 8, 476. as a suggestion of D'Orville's, (g-r)ya\pevos for the Mss. reading rjyai(ifvos Charit. p. 263, now read ^yXa'icr^eVos Anth. App. Epigr.;

204.

(a.)i,

At Her.form

143, Mss.

and

editors agree in the

augmented

^yaXX-, at 9, 109 they differ, dyaXX- (Mss. Wessl. Schweigh. Gaisf. Stein), 7?yaXX- (Mss. Bekk. Dind. Krilg. Lhard. Bred.)

The agreement

of the Mss. in the

practice of Her. in by far the the augmented form.

first passage, and the general most of analogous verbs, favour

"Ayajiai To admire (pres. and imp. like to-rajuai), Od. 6, 168. 23, 175; Eur. I. A. 28; Ar. Ach. 488; Her. 4, 46. 9, 79; Isocr. 5, 148; PI. Menex. 249: imp. ^yd/^ Xen. Conv. 8, 8;PI.

Opp. Hal.

fat. Epic, and rare, dyao-o/xai (o-o-) Od. 4, 181 ; 68: aor. mid. mostly Epic in classic Greek fj-yda-a-aro II. 3, l8l, f)yd(ra- Callim. Apoll. 16; Anth. PI. 4, 38; Opp. Hal. 2, 629, dydcrcr- II. 3, 224; Q. Sm. I, 353, dyd 43. 4, 14, Dor. dyyfXtw, dv- Inscr. Heracl. i,

:

Dem.

LyS. 25, 30, fla- Lycurg. I, -n-fpi- Dem. 21, 4: pip. fjyye\Kfi, dn19, 23: p.p. fjyyfXpai rare in Poet. Aesch. Ch. 774; Thuc. 8, 97; PI. Charm. 153, e- Eur. Med. 1007: pip.TjyyeXfjLTjv,

Xen. Hell. 6, 4, 1 6, Ion. 3 sing. 2 aor. 1 aor. fiyyf\6r)v Eur. Hec. 591; Her. 6, 69; Thuc. 8, i Andoc. 2, 20; Xen. Hell. i, 5, 16; Isae. 9, 3; Dem. 3, 5, cm- Eur. Hec. 672; Antiph.3 pi.-t\fitvoi rjaav7,

yyeXro

if

sound Her.

37, see

:

;

i,

ii

;

Dem.:

18, 284, e|ayyfut. p.

Her.

i,

21 (Gaisf.

Dind. Stein),

see

below

dyyfX^o-o/iai, an-

Dem.

19,

324

:

2

aor.

Eur. I. T. 932, the only instance in classic Greek (Mss. Matth. Passow, -e'X Kiessl.); Polyaen. 4, i, 21, nor- Plut. Sert. 24; Herodn. 5, 2 (Bekk:), Trap- App. Civ. i, 121 (Bekk.), unaugm. dyyeXf'^ Anth.ii,(v. r.:

(Agath. Schol.) 7, 614, doubtful in classic Greek, air-r^yytkov Her. 4, 153 (Mss. S. V. Gaisf. Schweigh. -eXXoi/ Steph. Bekk. Dind. Kriig. Bred. Lhard. Stein), -e\ov 7, 142 (Mss. Schweigh. Bekk. Kriig. -eXXo* Ms. S. Aid. Gaisf. Dind. Bred. Stein), t-r)yye\f Lycurg. 85 (Vulg. Bekk. -qyyeXXe Mss. A. B., Bait. Saupp. Scheibe), eiV- Dem. 20, 79 (Wolf, Schaef. -XXoj/ Bekk. B. S. Dind. Voem.), see obs. Mid. dyye'XXo/xai Poet, in simple, and only pres. Soph. Aj. 1376, e- Her. 6, 10, lir- Thuc. 6, 88; PI. Prot. 319: imp. rjyyf\\6^v, eV- Soph. El. 1018; Her. aor. f)yyfi\dfj.r]v, 5, 98. 7, i; PI. Lach. 186: fut. (dyyeXou/wu) en- Her. 6, 35 ; PI. Gorg. 458 2 aor. very doubtful (dyye'Xero), ayyeXro if sound Her. 7, 37, is pass, and perhaps meant for pip. Bekk. Dind. Kriig. Bred.), (Mss. S. V. Schaef. Gaisf. ^yyeXXf::

142 (Vulg. eV-ayyeXX- Ms. P. Gaisf. Stein, eV-qyye'XXBekk. Kriig. Dind. &c.); eir-ayyeXoivro Xen. An. 5, 6, 26 (Mss. -eXXoiiro Mss. Kriig. -eiXavro Popp.), -e'Xoj/ro D. Sic. ii, 3 (Tauchn. -(\\ovro Bekk. Dind.); -eXo'/ievoi ii, 4. Fr- 30, 5 (Tauchn. -eX/xe'vot, -eXXo'/^ei/ot Bekk. Dind.) &c. &c. so doubtful are both 2 aorists rjyyeKov, ^yyeXoyujj/, see v. r. Soph. O. R. 955; Thuc. 8, 86 &c.; Xen. An. i, 4, 12. 3, 4, 14. 5, Vb. xaK-ayyt-Xros Soph. Ant. 1286, O.TT6, 26 (Popp. Kiihn.) This verb in the Mss. ayyt\Ttov Aristot. Rhet. Alex. 31, 3. of Her. is usu. with, often without augment. Gaisf. and Stein follow the Mss. dyy(\- 7, 37, tg-ayy- I, 21. 5, 105. 1 1 8, err-ayy3, 135. 142 &c. fay- 6 6 9- 8 8 ar-nyy- 7 I 39 & c but Bekk. Kriig. Bred, always rjyy-, and perhaps Dind. except onceerr-ayy/X- 3, Mss. V. S.>

>

-

-

fg-ayy- i, 21, seemingly

by oversight.

In the later critical recensions, editors in accordance with the best Mss. have discarded almost entirely the 2 aor. act. mid. and pass, for 1 aor. and often imp. which, if the Mss. represent the usage, seems to have been sometimes used with apparently

In Xen., Plato, and the Attic Poets, the force of an aorist. we think there is not left a trace of 2 aor. except perhaps Eur. Hel. 448, ayytXt'tv, which, if correct, seems left to the sadGaisf. in his choice of being either 2 aor., or future with &v. last ed. of Her. (1839) retains 2 aor. act. we think in one place only, drniyytXav 4, 153, Bekker and Kriig. at 7, 142, Dind. Bred. Lhardy imp. dTnjyyeAXoi' in both passages. In the orators, Bekker has left perhaps only one instance e^yyeXe Lycurg. 85, to which however, in the critical notes, he prefers e'^yyeiXf, Bait. Saupp. Scheibe ei?yyeXXe (Mss. A. B.) : 2 aor. mid. Gaisf. once and unaugm. ayyeXro (if not pip.) Her.7,

37, but imp. qyyeXXfro (Bekk.eVayye'XojiToit,

retaining

Xen. An.

5,

Dind.), and Poppo, though 6, 26, has nevertheless

stigmatized

and suggested

eV^yyetXairo

from

v. r. inna-xfovvTo

(Dind.) : on the same grounds Kriiger suggests imp. eTnjyyeXSome foreigners, XOITO, but gives in the text opt. -yeXXoivro.

probably from want of Gaisford's last ed. of Her., have misrepresented the readings of that cautious, sound, and candidscholar.

subj. dyeipijs;

Dem. 8, 26, Ar. PI. 584; Alcm. 33 (Dind.); opt. dye/pot Od. 17, 362; Xen. Hier. 9, 9 imper. 3 pi. dypoVnav Attic so called, II. 2, 438 dye/pwi/ II. ii, 770; Her. 4, 35; Thuc. 2, 17; inf. dyeipfiv Her. 4, 35, Dor. dyfipev Theocr. 14, 40 (Mein. Words, -peiv Ahr. &c.): imp. rjyeipov Her. I, 6l, ayp- Ap. Rh. 2, 1 86: flit, (dyepw?): aor. rjyapa II. 17, 222, ayp- Od. 14, 285; Hes. Op. 652; ayei'paxrt Thuc. 6, 71; dyei'pat? Ap. Rh. I, 893; inf.' dyeipat Thuc. i, 9 dyet'par II. 9, 338 Soph. El. 695 Eur. Hec. 615 ; Thuc. 4, 105 PI. Rep. 369, Dor. -eipats Find. P. p. 9, 54 late ovv-ayfjyepKas Theodr. Prodr. 4, 467 (Herch.) ; -K&S Hesych.r p.p. dyrjyepnevos App. Civ. 2, 134, trvv- Phot. Hesych. pip. and dy^yepTO App. Mithr. 108, Epic 3 pi. dyj;y/paro II. 4, 211 late prose App. Hisp. 40: aor. riyipOijv II. i, 57, dye'p^ 22, 475, Epic 3 pLjytpdfv II. i, 57. Od. 8, 24, Sy fp&i, Ap. Rh. 3, 356 fut. dytpdrjo-trat (Hesych.). Mid. dydpopai gather for oneself Od. 13, 14; TTfpt-ayetpd/iei/oi PI. Rep. 621: imp. etr-ayeipero II. 15, 240. 21, 417 (Bekk.): fut. dytpovvrai reflex or pass. Orac. Sib. i, 346 1 aor. ^yftpd/irjj/, dyeipa(j.{vos Ap. Rh. 4, 1335; Q. Sm. 2, 559, ^w-aydparo Od. 14, 323; late prose Ael. V. H. 2 aor. dy/poi/ro Epic, and reflex collected themselves, 4, 14 Od. 20, 277; dyipeadai Od. 2, 385 assembled, II. 18, 245. (Buttm. Bekk. -fpevBai Dind. Ameis) ; part. sync, dypoptvos Od. 20, 123. Late pres. dyf'pop.at dyfip- Ap. 20, 1 66. R a- 3> 895; Opp. Hal. 3, 378, d/x.

We

The

dyelpai,

which

late editors

ftdx ri v tfy fl p a s 13,

77^>

TroXe/xoj/ fjyeipav PI.

be referred to eyelpco. seem to be exclusively Epic in the classic period. The 2 aor. mid. is always intrans., the 1 aor. always trans, simple and comp. ; fo-ayelpaTo Aads Od. 14, 248 (Vulg. Dind.) has been rightly altered to imp. ea-ayeipero by Bekker, and adopted by Her. always augments this verb, Faesi, Baeumlein, La Roche.tfyfipI, 6l. 62, (rvv-Tjyeip- 4, 4. 163. 'Ayj^Xarew, dy- To drive out as polluted (ayos-eXavva>), in the classic period, only pres. dyijAen-eet Her. 5, 72 : and fut.c

have properly changed to (yelpai ; and Leg. 685, should also The mid. and passive in the simple form

dyrj\aTT](Tfii>

Soph. O. R. 402.;

(a.)

Ayiw To

consecrate (ayios), Poet,

and

late prose, -tf

Dio. H.

-ifsw Soph. O. C. 1495: imp. rjytCov conveyed stealthily, filched, Ar. Plut. 68 1 : aor. pass, ayia-deis Pind. Ol.r > 57> -ifrvvi 4, 2

3>/9- () Her. 'AyZWu To bring, Epic and Ion. Od. 14, 105. 22, 198 3, 97, 3 pi. Ion. -eva-i Callim. Apoll. 82; aylvelv Hes. Op. 676; Crates i, 8 (Bergk), Ion. dyivtew, air- Her. 3, 89, .

'AyKaAio|iai To embrace, Simonid. 7, 77 (Bergk); Plut. Mor. 638: (fut.): aor. ^yKaXto-i/M7;i/ Anth. (Meleagr.) 12, 122; Maneth. i, 45: with p. as mid. ^y/caXio-/ieVo? Lycophr. 142, vn- Eur. HeThe racl. 42 pres. pass. dyKaXi6pfvos Aesop 366 (Halm.) comp. v-ayKa\ionai is also pass. Diod. Sic. 3, 58, and Mid.:

Alciphr. 3, 55, 89,

2, 4,:

Plut. Camill. 5 : 5 (Mein.) aor. eV-ayKoXio-ai Anth. 7, 476 ;;

imp.

f'v-rjy-

Alciphr.

-(rdpevos

N. T. Marc.

and

36: with p. p. as mid. fv-rjyKaXia-nevos Callistr. Descr. 146: pip. eV-jjyxaXioro 162 (Kayser), both missed by Lexicogr.

8for ava-

vA-y/cet/ACU

'A-yi/oew.

see

atu To makeN. A.6,8,

splendid, adorn,i,

28; Aristaen.

i;

Hippocr. 8, 368 (Lit.); Ael. Poet in Athen. 14, 16: imp.

^yXdtfoi/?

248

;

Fr. (Antiph.) 3, 148 (Mss.); Philostr. Apoll. Theoph. Epist. 15 : fut. -ai, eV- Ar. Eccl. 575 : aor.

Com.

Anth. 7, 321. 418; late prose Niceph. 7, 9, tV- Com. Fr. (Ar.) 2, dyX- Theocr. Epigr. I, 4; subj. dyXata-rj, 1184 ; late prose dyXaiW Plut. Mor. 965 (p.) p. p. ^yXdi'aTaif,y\ai 88; Dem. 18, 303: fut. mid. dyvofja-o^ai. as pass. Dem. 18, 249 (Bekk. B. S. Dind.); Luc. Jup. Trag. 5 (Mss. V. F.) but fut. pass, dyi/or^o-o/icu Luc. quoted (Mss. A. C. M. Dind. Jacobitz); Dem. quoted (Vulg.). Vb. dyvorireov Dioscor. Prooem. i. Of this verb, Poets seem to have used only pres. aor. and rarely perf. act. Why fut. mid. dyvor}v Coluth. 8; D. Per. 173. ayvj, 172 &c. &c. never -ocavro. Ion. prose form and peculiar to the Ion. dialect, he would most probably have written dyop&vro, -eavro, or -eovro, without augment ; if common to the Attic and Ion. rjyopwvro, -ewi/ro, or -eWo, with augm. The Herodotean form is dyopeua, rjyoptvov i, 60. Mid. dyopfva-acrdm 9, 26. Dietsch, Abicht, 3, 119 &C. &C. Lhardy, accordingly read yyopevomo or -evov, but if dyopdoftai is kept, dyop is more used, and rather better developed, Od. 19, 230; Ar. Vesp. 686;scarcely

imp. dir-ijyxov Jos. prose Polyb. 16, 34, 9; Plut. Mar. 27 Ant. 12, 5, 4 fut. -dyei Luc. Tox. 14 (Jacob. Bekk.): aor. Mid, dir-ijya Ar. Pax 796; late prose Luc. Lex. n. dyxopai strangle oneself, Com. Fr. 3, 81 ; Hippocr. 4, 482 ;late: :

Andoc.3,

i,

125;

Xen. Cyr.

3,

i,

sing, unaugm. dn-dyxfo -dyo/ieu Luc. Gall. 1 6 ; Charit. i, 4

81,

2

465; Ar. Nub. 780; Theocr. 3, Hier. 7, 13; Luc. D. Mer. 2, 4. Philops. 29. "Ayu To lead, bring, II. 9, 72; Pind. P. 9, 31; Aesch. Sept. 645; Soph. O. C. 183; Ar. Ran. 190; Her. 8,65; Thuc. PL Gorg. 478, 3 pi. Dor. ayovri Pind. P. 7, 13; Epic 2, 34; subj. ayyo-i Od. 6, 37 ; Epic inf. dyepfv II. 7, 420, Aeol. Dor. f. pt. ayoura, Trap- Pind. N. 7, 23: dyrjv Sapph. I, 19; imp. ?iynv II. 7, 310; Aesch. Pers. 342; Soph. O. C. 927; Eur. I. T. 1352; Her. i, 70; Thuc. 7, 29; Andoc. 3, 22; Lys. 3, 37; Xen. Hell. 4, 5, 3, Dor. lyw Pind. P. 9, 123; Theocr. 10, 2; Aesch. Pers. 863 (chor.); Eur. Ion 896 (chor.); Ar. Lys. 1255 (chor.), Poet, 'uyov II. 7, 312.; Pind. P. 5, 76, vv- Eur. Bacc. 563 (chor.), iter. ayewov Ap. Rh. i, 849; Her. i, 148: fut. a&> II. i, 139; Soph. O. C. 874; Ar. Pax 418; Her. 8, 60 Thuc. 4, 28 PL Rep. 466, Dor. 3 pi. 5|oto-t Pind. P. 6, 13: aor. rare va Hes. Op. 434. 440; Batr. 115. 119; Antiph. 5, 46, trpoa- Thuc. 2, 97, see below Epic imper. with vowel of 2 aor. orre II. 3, 105. 24, 778 (v. r. -are). Od. 14, 414; inf. dt>trai II. 23, 50, deficit 23, III. 24, 663: p. faa Polyb. 3, in; Stob. 70, 13, vio-8f)(TfT(u, Aristid. 39, 504 The pres. and fut. (Dind.) are sometimes pass. dya>vi(6n(i>os Dem. 24, 28: d-ycowftrat 21, 7* 1 aor. act. occurs in part, dyow'o-as Boeckh's Inscr. i, 575.

Maj. 14, 3

pi.:

Isocr. 18, i

aor.

Vb.2,

3,

dywworroj, fivtr-Karii. The fut.

writers only,dytavtaro/jLtvos

D. Hal. Rhet. 8, 3, dyutvivrtov Xen. Cyr. form dyow'o-o/iai occurs actually in late and even in them less frequently than it was wont:3, 1

Dio. Hal.3, 7,

19; Jos. Jud. B.

8 (now dyow'f- Kiessl.); Argum. Dem. 15 (Bekk.); Porph. de Abst. i, 31, but

17for -uro/uai Alciphr. i, 39 (Wagn.), -tovuai (Meinek.), -KTO^VOVS Luc. Anach. 36 (Vulg.), -tfrnevovs (Bekk. Dind. Jacob. 2 ed.) The Attics seem to have uniformly dropped o- in the fut. of verbs in -to, excepting dissyllab., as -tWwt'a>,

-taw,

KTt'a>,

&c.

The

collat.

form91

aywj/jaa, to contend, be anxious,

fined in classic auth. to pres.inf. -i&>> Isocr. 4,;

PI.

seems conand aor. and in these to part, and Charm. 162; rare in Poet. -iS>aa Com.:

Prot. 333 aor. dyuviaa-at Com. Fr. 3, rather better developed in later writers: dyaviSt Luc. D. Mer. 12, 4; Alciphr. 3, 59, -tare D. Sic. 13, 52, -iSxri Aristot. Rhet. i, 9, 21 imp. qywtW Ael. V. H. 2, i; Polyb. i, 10. 2, 6; D. Sic. ,1.3, 81 : fut. -tdo-w Porph. de Abst. i, 54 aor. rjyiavlaa-aFr. 4,

438

;

inf. -iav PI.

607.

it is

:

:

D.26,

Sic.

14,,

60;

Plut. Caes.

46; Aristid. 12, 89 (Dind.): p.

TjycaviaKtasi

vnep-

(Dem.) 6l, 28.

For pres.

indie. dya>viS> LyS.

stands eywye (Bekk. B. Saupp. Scheib.) have never seen either mid. or pass. 'A8dojJiCH, see oa|a>.(Vulg.)5

now

We

Homeric, aor. opt. d8ij Od. i, 134 : Some aspirate dfya--, d8rjK-. 10, 399 (a). 'ASrjXew To be in the dark, in act. only pres. and only in Soph. Pass. Ion. and Att. prose aS^Xen-ai S. Emp. -oC/Liei/ O. C. 35.(

A8e'w)

To

be sated,

p. part.

d8r]Ku>s II.

Theophr.'ASiKe'u

79, 9. 319, 4; -Xeto-^ai 591, 25. 605, 15 (Bekk.); late aS^Xov/xeVj; Fr. 30, -v/xei>a Hippocr. 8, 18(Lit.)

22; Eur. Ph. 958; Her. 2, 160; Antiph. 6, 7; Thuc. 3, 65; Isae. n, 15; ddiKflv Aesch. Eum. 85: imp. T)8iKow Ar. Nub. 1509; Antiph. 6, 9; Lys. i, 38; PI. Prot. 322, Ion. f)8iKfov Her. i, 121 fut. ->jo-a> Com. Fr.injure,4,:

To

Solon

Xen. An. 2, 5, 3 PI. Crit. 48 aor. ^St'^o-a H. H. 429 Cer. 367 ; Her. 7, 35 Thuc. 3, 56 p. ^Si'^Ka Eur. Ale. 689 p. p. Antiph. i, 23; Thuc. 3, 63; Lys. 9, 12, act. reg.3,;; :

;

:

;

:

TjftiKrjiJLai

-T}rai Her. 3, 21 ; Antiph. i, 31; -r^fi/os pip. ^St'^ro 6, 10; Dem. 29, 41 : Antiph. i, 21 aor. -T)6r)v Antiph. 5, 88 ; Thuc. 3, 65 ; PI. Rep. 344 : fut. p. late -T]dr]

-

"

fir-dpas I, 90.

2,

162,

e'- 9, 79>

e>

6ro 6, 133, eTT-apdr/s I, 212, ~?7P

7, 38. 9, 49 (Mss. Gaisf. Bekk. Dind.) Hippocr. too, along with ddpa, has aipet, 8, 368, aipfiv 8, 144. 2l6, tuprrat 8, 328, err- 8, 282, aLpr^rai 8, 328, riprm, eir- 8, 280

-apdels i, 90. 5, 81. 91.

(Littre").

Epic and only part. deica6nvos 458. H. Cer. 30; Q. Sm. 14, 29. 'AeAirrew To have no hope (ofXriro?), only part. Ep. and Ion. df\TTTfovT(s quadrasyll. II. 7, 310; Her. 7, 168. Before Wolf, de\Treovres Stood in the II. 'Ae'lu To increase, Ep. and Ion. pres. only and imp. in classic auth. II. 17, 226 ; Hes. Op. 6 ; Theogn. 1031 ; Simon. C. 84. 5 ; Find. N. 2, 15; Soph. Aj. 226 (chor.); Eur. Hipp. 537 (chor.);('AeKd^op,ai)1 8,

To

be reluctant,6,

Od.

135,

-oftfvri II.

imp. never augm. in early Epic, Htfov Od. grows II. 18, no; Hes. Op. 377 Find. Emped. 330; Aesch. Ch. 825 (chor. eu>a Herm. and now Dind. 5 ed.) imp. de'ero II. n, 84. Od. 22, 426 ; Hes. Th. Late 195, but r)tfv Callim. Jup. 55, -ovro Ap. Rh. 4, 1426. forms, fut. degfjo-ca Nonn. 12, 24: aor. Tjegijo-a 8, 104; Anth. App. Epigr. 299 pip. p. W^ITO, dv- Nonn. 4, 427 aor. defKa,

fir-

Isocr. 12,5,

233; Hippocr.

2,

334

IsOCr. 12, 207 p. p. jjvqpai, (Lit.): aor. jjffdrjv, alvtdfls:

ulvtTfov late,

Vb. mi/fros Anth. 7, 429, -MJTOS Pind. Nem. 8, 39, but fn-awtTfov PI. Rep. 390. Unaugm. in Pind. and Her. No such form as cuvtlw occurs in Pind. now at least. The simple verb is confined chiefly to Epic and DramaticHer.

AtVoXe'ft).

27-/&>i>

poetry,

and Tonic prose3,

:

atVw Her.

i,

137;5,

i,

122. 6, 120:-ecrayI,

imp.

aivtov

73. 76. 8,:

69:

aor. aivetre

twice only aor. pass, alvedets 5, 102 pres. p. alvfo^evos, ; alveio-6 and irapaivtia alone have fut. mid. as well as fut. act., and in the same sense. See each in its place.freq. in

alvea

and compds. never drop s in the fut. To praise, Aeol. and Ep. for alvea>, only pres. Hes. Op. 683; and eV-cuVjj/u Simon. C. 5, 19 (Bergk), quoted byAinrjfxi

PI. Prot. 345-

To praise, only pres. and late in act. Anth. 1 1, 341. Dep. only pres. II. 13, 374. Od. 8, 487. Alcuro-opu To speak darkly, Dep. mid. Eur. Ion 430; Her. 5, 56, Attic -irrofiat Ar. Pax 47 (Vulg. Br. Bekk. -iWo/u Dobr. Mein. Dind. 5 ed., as uttered by dvfjp 'IWVIKOS); Aeschin. 2, 108 ; PI. Apol. 21 imp. wr- PI. Charm. 162 fut. alvigopai Eur. Elec. 946: aor. fivigdp.^ Soph. Aj. 1158; Ar. Av. 970; PI. Theaet. 152, alvig- Pind. P. 8, 40 p. fjviypai pass. Theog. 68 1 aor. Ar. Eq. 196; Aristot. Rhet. 3, 2, 12; Luc. V. H. r, 2 Vb. alvucros Soph. O. R. 439. pass. PL Gorg. 495. in act. is late and rare Philostr. 6, (245). AiWpu To take, Epic, Od. 14, 144; Simon. C. 5, 17 (Bergk); alvvcro Nic. Al. 55. 148: imp. unaugm. alvv^v II. u, 580. i3> 55- 15, 459- Od. 21, 53; Hes. Sc. 149 (Wolf, Goettl.). Fr. 174; Ap. Rh. 4, 162; Callim. Fr. 238; Theocr. 24, 137; -vpfvos Od. 9, 429, -/j-evr) Hym. Cer. 6; Ap. Rh. 4, 680, -vpevoi Od. 9, 232, -tvai 22, 500, -nwovs 9, 225. Like fci/ci/fyim, butAii/i^u

Poet.

Mid.

alviop.at

:

77

:

:

;

:

n

without augm.II.

13,

262

582. 17,AioXe'w

an-o-aiVu/^at Poet, for drratV- lake from, have taken, imp. dnoaivvTo Od. 12, 419; but drraivvfjifvos II. II, 85, as dnaiwTO II. 15, 595 ; Anth. 14. 3.:

To3,

variegate, only inf.

-oAeu>

PL

Crat. 409.

aioX^ro

Ap. Rh.

471 (some Mss. and edit.) is now eoX^ro (Mss. Br. Well. Merk.) aioXXw Ep. To move quickly, to variegate, is also -o'XXet late Nic. very partially used, pres. atdXXi? Od. 20, 27 Ther. 155 and pass. al6X\ovrai Hes. Sc. 399. eu'oXXei Pind. P.;:

4,

now p.at Soph. Aj. 193 Eur. Cycl. 474, -am> Or. 3; Ar. Ran. 1406; apdpevos Ar. Pax 763. Ran. 32; Antiph. 5, 63. 6, 16; Lycurg. 95; Dem. 18, 208. 21, 132; apaaOai Com. Fr. (Aristophont.) 3, 357; Thuc. 6, 9 : 2 aor. Poet, unaugm. and referred by some to apvvpai, dpop.T)v (a) II. II, 625. 23, 592; *apa>/Ltat, -prjai HeS. Op. 632, Pind. N. 9, 46 ; apoL^v II. 18, 121; Xenophan. -Tjrat II. 12, 435 2, 7; Aesch. Sept. 316; Soph. El. 34; apeatiai II. 16, 88. Od. 22, 253; Soph. Aj. 245; Theocr. 17, 117; dpopfvos Aesch. Eum. 1 68: and as mid. p. p. ^p/xeVot Soph. El. 55; Strab. 3, 150; Philostr. Ap. 3, 115. 6, 273. rjpa Ar. Ach. 913, is 2 sing. 1 aor. m. Boeot. for ijpao Xenophan. 5, i, fjpa>. Horn, uses the indie, of both w ),

mid."aKa^ffe

'AKaxilu

imp.i,

To grieve, Q. Sm.

afflict

(a^w, aKax 7 (-.

'A\&j To ward off, rare, inf. aXe^fitv II. 3, 9, -i^vai II. i, n, 469 and, if sound, in a Spartan decree Thuc. 5, 77, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 2, Plut. Mor. 157 : aor. -evdrjv very late, Greg. Naz. : pres. -euo/zeVai Mid. -evopai Ar. Eccl. Pind. Ol. 8, 30, -evT}i> PI. Rep. 508.

trans, to dispense &c. PI. Rep. rare in Attic poetry, Soph. Ant. 950 Ar. Eq. 948 ; Isae. 6, 61 &c. p. p. -tvp.ai

600 ; Thuc. 6, 18; Xen. Conv. Ach. Tat. 8, 8 (Vulg.) i, 82;:

4,

41

:

fut. -euo-o/nat Dio. Hal.;

aor. -evo-a/i^ Luc. Imag. 21

Diod.Fr.

Sic. 4, 1 2

:

with p. p.

Tera/xiev/iiat

Lys. 30, 3

;

Hyperid.

i, 4.

Tdficw, see Tfpva,

Tdcdw To stretch, Epic lengthened form of rVa>, II. 17, 391. Od. 21, 152, fv- Her. 2, 173, Hippocr. 4, 244 (Lit.): imp. Tavvfv Pind. P. 4, 129 fut. ravva-ct simple late, Orac. Sib. 10, 82 ; Anth. (Paul. Sil.) 5, 262, *v- Od. 21, 127, Epic -tWco Orph. L. 179 ; Nonn. 2, 234, and some say (a- elided) rawa Od. 21, 174 aor. eraviJa-a- -raw- II. 1 6, 5^7* Od. 21, 409, and fTawaa-a II. 1 6, 662. Od. 21, 407, Tavvtra II. 16, 567, eV- Pind. P. 4, 242, rdvva-aa II. 9, 213; Tavva-rj II. 23, 324, -wo-0-.v 17, 547. 23, 761; -ixr Com. Fr. (Antiph.) 3, 108; Xen. Mem. 2, i, 9; Isocr. 5, 151 ; PI. Rep. 371 imp. erao-ow Thuc. 4, 93, 8t- Her. 5, no, erarr- PI. fut. Tda> Apol. 28; Dem. 1 8, 221 Aesch. Sept. 284; Soph. O. C. 639; Xen. Mem. 2, i, 7, Dor. -