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P13020

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry

Final Report

Prepared for:

Imperial County Air Pollution Control District

Submitted By

2838 Zamora Lane Davis, CA 95616 www.tkearinc.com Contact: Tom Kear, [email protected], (916) 340-4811

With:

October 2015

http://www.tkearinc.com/

mailto:[email protected]

(This page intentionally left blank.)

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page i

PROJECT FACT SHEET/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

GOAL: Border 2020 California/Baja California Goal 1: Reduce Air Pollution PROJECT: Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry

Border 2020 US-Mexico Environmental Program is a bi-national partnership that awards small grants to stakeholders aimed at improving the border environment by fulfilling the goals and objectives of the Border 2020 Program

Problem Statement Reducing emissions of particulate matter and nitrous oxides from idling vehicles at ports-of-entry is one of the most important air quality challenges facing the Imperial County and Mexicali region. Even with standards taking effect over the next decade for idling vehicles, millions of vehicles will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and air toxics, contributing to premature deaths, asthma attacks, loss of work days, and numerous other negative health impacts every year.

Organic carbon and ammonium nitrate are found in significantly higher concentrations near the border crossings in Calexico. These data support the California Air Resources Board’s view that emissions from Mexico impact Imperial County and overwhelmingly impact the city of Calexico.

In addition, Mexicali, Mexico is the capital of the northern state of Baja California and boasts a large population density with accelerating growth due to the constant migration. People moving into the region are not familiar with the characteristics and seriousness of the air pollution problem in the region. It is important to understand the impacts that idling vehicles at the Calexico ports-of-entry have due to the proximity of the emissions to the population on both sides of the border.

Accomplishments The first phase of this study focused on collection of real world data to better characterize and understand the emissions and causes of delay at the ports-of-entry.

• The completion of detailed spring, summer, and winter queueing and volume data collection for northbound cars and trucks at the Calexico West and Calexico East ports-of-entry documented conditions with border wait-times of up to three hours.

• The evaluation of vehicle fleet characteristics showed that the predominantly Mexicali domiciled fleet crossing the border is, on average, older than the fleet on the U.S. side of the border.

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page ii

Wait-time and delay data documenting excessive queueing and long border waits that were observed are documented in the two following figures.

The second and third study phases focused on estimating seasonal emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), reactive organic matter (ROG), and nitrous oxides (NOx) at the ports-of-entry under existing (2014) conditions and with several strategies to reduce those emissions. In addition to analysis of existing conditions and an idealized no port-of-entry delay scenario, seven emissions redetection scenarios were studied:

• Phase 1 of the Calexico West POE reconstruction project; • Phase 2 of the Calexico West POE reconstruction project; • Use of California fuel in Mexicali; • A reduction in empty general-purpose truck trips; • Replacing 10% of general-purpose truck trips to FAST truck trips; • Streamlining commercial crossing by combining the Aduanas and CBP primary inspections; and • The Section 559 Proposal to expand the Calexico East POE.

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page iii

The results indicate that for United States and Mexican vehicles traveling northbound into the United States, border delay accounts for about 63% of the ROG emissions from both ports-of-entry, 46% of the NOx emissions from both ports-of-entry, and 53% of the PM2.5 emissions from both ports-of-entry. The emissions associated with border delay are equivalent1 to the TOG emissions from 2,700 passenger vehicles in Imperial County, the NOx emissions from 4,400 passenger vehicles in Imperial County, or the PM2.5 emissions from 3,450 passenger vehicles in Imperial County. Table ES-1 reports the emission reduction benefits and ranks each strategy. These results are shown as the equivalent number of privately owned vehicles in Imperial County that would need to be removed from the vehicle fleet to achieve a comparable air quality benefit.

Table ES-1. Number of privately owned Imperial County vehicles that would need to be removed from the vehicle fleet to achieve equivalent emissions reductions, by strategy and pollutant.

Best Management Practice – Emission Reduction Strategy

Number of Privately Owned Vehicles That Would Need to be Removed or Subjected

to a Scrappage Program To Achieve Similar Emission Reductions

Control Strategy Rank by Pollutant

NOx PM2.5 ROG

NOx and

PM2.5 ROG Calexico East Section 559 Proposal, with Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project 634 vehicles 469 vehicles 1371 vehicles 1 2

Combine Aduanas and CBP Primary 469 vehicles 366 vehicles 90 vehicles 2 5 Calexico West Phase 1 and 2POE Project 315 vehicles 229 vehicles 1310 vehicles 3 3

Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project 98 vehicles 68 vehicles 681 vehicles 4 4 Shift 10% of Commercial General-Purpose to FAST 80 vehicles 68 vehicles 19 vehicles 5 6

Reduction in Empty Commercial General-Purpose Volume 33 vehicles 26 vehicles 6 vehicles 6 7

California Fuel 0 vehicles 0 vehicles 1638 vehicles 7 1

For additional information about this project, please contact Belen Lopez at the Imperial County Air Pollution Control District (442) 265-1800 ([email protected]). For information about the Border 2020 Program, please visit www2.epa.gov/border2020

1 Based on EMFAC 2014 annual average daily emissions for the LDA, LDT1 and LDT2 vehicle classes for 2014.

http://www.epa.gov/border2020

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page iv

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction and Report Organization ............................................................................................ 1

2.0 Analysis of Surveys and Volume Tabulation Data ........................................................................... 2

2.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section ........................................................................................... 2

2.2 Fleet Data Analyses ............................................................................................................................. 2

Statistical Analyses and Models for Odometer Data ....................................................................... 2

Statistical Analysis of Age Distribution ............................................................................................ 6

2.3 Analysis of Tally Sheets ..................................................................................................................... 13

Privately Owned Vehicle Data from Crosstabs .............................................................................. 13

Commercial Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 14

3.0 Existing Conditions Analysis ......................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section ......................................................................................... 15

3.2 POE Configuration and Activity ......................................................................................................... 15

Calexico West ................................................................................................................................. 15

3.3 Calexico East ..................................................................................................................................... 21

3.4 Queue Model Performance .............................................................................................................. 27

3.5 Emission Inventory Results ............................................................................................................... 37

Emission Rates ............................................................................................................................... 37

Emission Inventories ...................................................................................................................... 37

4.0 Emission Control Strategy Analysis ............................................................................................... 53

4.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section ......................................................................................... 53

4.2 Emission Reduction Strategies .......................................................................................................... 53

Calexico West POE Phase 1 POE Project ........................................................................................ 53

Calexico West POE Phase 2 POE Project ........................................................................................ 57

Use of California Fuel in Mexicali ................................................................................................... 57

Reduction in Empty General-purpose Truck Trips ......................................................................... 57

Replacing 10% of General-purpose Truck Trips to FAST Truck Trips ............................................. 59

Streamlining Commercial Crossing ................................................................................................ 59

Calexico East Section 559 Proposal ................................................................................................ 59

4.3 Emission Reduction Benefits ............................................................................................................. 63

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page v

Results ............................................................................................................................................ 63

Findings and Recommendations .................................................................................................. 160

Appendix A: Documentation of Data Collection ................................................................................ A-1

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page vi

Table of Tables

Table 1. Test of Between-subject Effects for Odometer Reading (Full Model for POV Odometer Reading)3

Table 2. Test of Between-subject Effects for Odometer Reading (Reduced Model for POV Odometer Reading) ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

Table 3. Dependent Variable: MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects ......................................................... 7

Table 4. Dependent Variable: MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects for Reduced Model, Including Domicile ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

Table 5. Dependent Variable: Engine MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects ............................................. 9

Table 6. Dependent Variable: Engine MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects, Reduced Model .................. 9

Table 7. Calexico West POV Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour .................... 18

Table 8. Calexico East POV Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour ...................... 22

Table 9. Calexico East Commercial Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour ......... 26

Table 10. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 38

Table 11. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 39

Table 12. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2) ........................................................................................................................................ 40

Table 13. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 42

Table 14. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 43

Table 15. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2) ........................................................................................................................................ 44

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page vii

Table 16. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 46

Table 17. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions ..................................................................................................................................................... 47

Table 18. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2) ........................................................................................................................................ 48

Table 19. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 50

Table 20. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 50

Table 21. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay ...................................................................................................................................... 50

Table 22. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 51

Table 23. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 51

Table 24. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay ...................................................................................................................................... 51

Table 25. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 52

Table 26. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay .............................................................................................................................................. 52

Table 27. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay ...................................................................................................................................... 52

Table 28. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico West Privately Owned Vehicles (lb/day) .. 64

Table 29. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico East Privately Owned Vehicles (lb/day) ... 65

Table 30. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico East Commercial Vehicles (lb/day) ........... 66

Table 31. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 76

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page viii

Table 32. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 77

Table 33. Calexico East POE Northbound CommercialåSpring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2) .................................................................................................................... 78

Table 34. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 80

Table 35. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 81

Table 36. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................ 82

Table 37. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 84

Table 38. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................ 85

Table 39. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................ 86

Table 40. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 88

Table 41. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 89

Table 42. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................ 90

Table 43. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 92

Table 44. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 93

Table 45. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................ 94

Table 46. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 96

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page ix

Table 47. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................ 97

Table 48. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2 (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................ 98

Table 49. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 100

Table 50. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 101

Table 51. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2) .................................................. 102

Table 52. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 104

Table 53. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 105

Table 54. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2) .................................................. 106

Table 55. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 108

Table 56. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks ....................................................................... 109

Table 57. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2) .................................................. 110

Table 58. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 112

Table 59. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 113

Table 60. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 114

Table 61. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 116

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page x

Table 62. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 117

Table 63. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 118

Table 64. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 120

Table 65. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST ......................................................................................... 121

Table 66. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 122

Table 67. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 124

Table 68. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 125

Table 69. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 126

Table 70. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 128

Table 71. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 129

Table 72. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 130

Table 73. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 132

Table 74. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections .......................................................................................... 133

Table 75. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2) ..................................................................... 134

Table 76. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 136

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page xi

Table 77. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 137

Table 78. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2) ....................................................................................................................... 138

Table 79. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 140

Table 80. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 141

Table 81. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2) ....................................................................................................................... 142

Table 82. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 144

Table 83. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel ........................................................................................................................................... 145

Table 84. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2) ....................................................................................................................... 146

Table 85. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 148

Table 86. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 149

Table 87. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2) ............................................. 150

Table 88. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 152

Table 89. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 153

Table 90. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2) ............................................. 154

Table 91. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 156

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page xii

Table 92. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal .................................................................. 157

Table 93. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2) ............................................. 158

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page xiii

Table of Figures

Figure 1. Estimated Light Duty Automobile Odometer as a Function of Age ............................................... 4

Figure 2. Estimated Light Duty Truck Odometer as a Function of Age ........................................................ 4

Figure 3. Estimated Heavy Heavy Duty Truck Odometer as a Function of Age ........................................... 5

Figure 4. Light Duty Autos ........................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 5. Light Duty Trucks (0-3750 lbs.) ..................................................................................................... 11

Figure 6 Light Duty Trucks (3751 – 5750 lbs.) ............................................................................................. 12

Figure 7. Medium Duty Vehicles (5,751-8,500 lbs.), Light Heavy Duty Trucks (8,501-10,000 lbs.), Light Heavy Duty Trucks (10,001-14,000 lbs.), and Medium Heavy Duty Trucks (14,001-33,000 Llbs.) ............. 12

Figure 8. Heavy Heavy Duty Trucks (33,000 lbs. or More) .......................................................................... 13

Figure 9. Calexico West Traffic Flow Schematic .......................................................................................... 17

Figure 10. Calexico East Traffic Flow Schematic (United States) ................................................................ 23

Figure 11. Calexico East Traffic Flow Schematic (Mexico) .......................................................................... 24

Figure 12. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During May, 2014, by Hour of the Day ............ 28

Figure 13. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During August, 2014, by Hour of the Day ........ 29

Figure 14. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During December, 2014, by Hour of the Day .. 30

Figure 15. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During May, 2014, by Hour of the Day .............. 31

Figure 16. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During August, 2014, by Hour of the Day.......... 32

Figure 17. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During December, 2014, by Hour of the Day .... 33

Figure 18. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During May 2014 ..... 34

Figure 19. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During August 2014 . 35

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page xiv

Figure 20. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During December 2014 .................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 21. Conceptual Layout for Phase 1 Improvements at the Calexico West POE ................................ 55

Figure 22. Conceptual Design for Mexican POE .......................................................................................... 56

Figure 23. Conceptual Layout for Phase 2 Improvements at the Calexico West POE ................................ 58

Figure 24. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During May 2014 ..... 60

Figure 25. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During August 2014 . 61

Figure 26. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During December 2014 .................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Figure 27. Comparison of Spring ROG Emissions ........................................................................................ 67

Figure 28. Comparison of Summer ROG Emissions .................................................................................... 68

Figure 29. Comparison of Winter ROG Emissions ....................................................................................... 69

Figure 30. Comparison of Spring NOx Emissions ........................................................................................ 70

Figure 31. Comparison of Summer NOx Emissions ..................................................................................... 71

Figure 32. Comparison of Winter NOx Emissions ....................................................................................... 72

Figure 33. Comparison of Spring PM2.5 Emissions ..................................................................................... 73

Figure 34. Comparison of Summer PM2.5 Emissions ................................................................................. 74

Figure 35. Comparison of Winter PM2.5 Emissions ................................................................................... 75

Vehicle Idling Emissions Study at Calexico East and Calexico West Ports-of-Entry October 2015, page 1

1.0 Introduction and Report Organization Reducing emissions of particulate matter (PM), reactive organic matter (ROG), and nitrous oxides (NOx) from idling vehicles at the POEs is one of the most important air quality challenges facing the Imperial County and Mexicali region. Even with standards taking effect over the next decade for idling vehicles, millions of vehicles will continue to emit large amounts of PM, NOx, and toxic air contaminates (a subset of the ROG emissions and PM emissions). Those emissions contribute to serious health problems, premature deaths, asthma attacks, loss of work, and numerous other negative health impacts every year.

This report documents current emissions from northbound vehicles at the Calexico West port-of-entry, the Calexico East privately owned vehicle port-of-entry, and the Calexico East commercial vehicle port-of-entry. Expected emission reductions from seven strategies are analyzed and reported.

The analysis utilizes methodologies developed by FHWA on behalf of the U.S. – Mexico Joint Working Committee (herein referred to as the “JWC template”) 2 along with information collected through three at-border surveys and data collection efforts during May, August, and December 2014. The at-border data collected specifically for this study was augmented with electronic traffic counts provided by Caltrans, and publicly available data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Transborder Database.

Key sections of this report consist of:

• Analysis of Survey and Volume Tabulation Data – discussing statistical analysis of key information collected at the ports-of-entry to support subsequent analysis and modeling tasks;

• Existing Conditions Analysis – providing a snapshot of the existing delay and associated emissions from northbound traffic at the ports-of entry; and

• Emission Control Strategy Analysis – documenting the expected effectiveness of seven management and infrastructure strategies to reduce emissions form northbound traffic at the ports-of-entry.

2 FHWA (2012) United States-Mexico Land Ports of Entry Emissions and Border Wait-Time White Paper and Analysis Template, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.


2.0 Analysis of Surveys and Volume Tabulation Data 2.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section This section details analysis of data collected at the ports-of-entry. At-border surveys, and tabulations of vehicles by class, lane type and time of day, were performed during May, August, and December 2014, representing spring, summer, and winter conditions at the ports-of-entry. The original sampling plans and reports generated as part of the data collection task are provided as an appendix to this document. The Fleet Data Analyses section below describes the statistical analyses of the surveyed vehicle samples to support estimates of port-of-entry emissions.

Other parameters, such as vehicles class, country of domicile, gasoline-diesel splits, utilization of trusted-traveler lanes, and where fuel was purchased, were tabulated from the available data. The parameters used are reported in the Analysis of Tally Sheets section.

2.2 Fleet Data Analyses Vehicle odometer and age are important characteristics when modeling emission rates for specific geographic areas such as ports-of-entry. The statistical analyses of the odometer data and age data from the surveys are reported below.

Statistical Analyses and Models for Odometer Data Analysis of vehicle odometer data found that EMFAC2014 assumptions reasonably reflect the privately owned vehicle fleet odometers observed at the ports-of-entry. EMFAC2014 assumptions for commercial vehicles appear to overestimate observed commercial vehicle odometer data. Analyses of odometer data for privately own vehicles and commercial vehicles is presented separately below.

Privately Owned Vehicles Odometer For passenger vehicles, univariate general linear models were estimated to identify statistically significant variables and model the expected odometer reading as a function of vehicle age. The first model included the main effects for all variables of interest:

• Registration (Mexico, United States), • Vehicle class (autos, vs light duty trucks3) • Lane type (general-purpose and SENTRI), • Season (May, August, December), and • Age (modeled as a second order polynomial).

Based on the ANOVA shown in Table 1, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that odometer is not a function of lane type [F(1,427)=1.067, p > 5%] and that odometer is not a function of season [F(1,427)=0.002, p > 5%]. A review of statistical power and effect size was also done prior to eliminating these model parameters.

3 Based on preliminary analysis, LDT1 and LDT2 vehicle classes were aggregated for this analysis.


Table 1. Test of Between-subject Effects for Odometer Reading (Full Model for POV Odometer Reading)

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Model 6765348.437a 7 966478.348 574.091 .000 Registration 13160.004 1 13160.004 7.817 .005 Class 8937.172 1 8937.172 5.309 .022 Lane Type 1796.648 1 1796.648 1.067 .302 Season 4.199 1 4.199 .002 .960 Age Squared 34064.695 1 34064.695 20.235 .000 Age 203880.072 1 203880.072 121.105 .000 Error 718851.563 427 1683.493 Total 7484200.000 434

a. R Squared = .904 (Adjusted R Squared = .902)

The reduced model estimation included effects for country of registration, vehicle class, age, and age squared. Table 2 summarizes the ANOVA results. Statistically significant effects exist for: country of registration [F(1,429)=7.739, p < 5%], vehicle class [F(1,429)=5.389, p < 5%], and age squared [F(1,429)=21.830, p < 5%], and Age [F(1,429)=133.08, p < 5%].

Table 2. Test of Between-subject Effects for Odometer Reading (Reduced Model for POV Odometer Reading)

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Model 6763546.819a 5 1352709.364 805.259 .000 Registration 13000.793 1 13000.793 7.739 .006 Class 9052.549 1 9052.549 5.389 .021 Age Squared 36670.409 1 36670.409 21.830 .000 Age 223554.081 1 223554.081 133.080 .000 Error 720653.181 429 1679.844

Total 7484200.000 434 a. R Squared = .904 (Adjusted R Squared = .903)

Age specific estimates of POV odometer readings derived from the statistical analysis and shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 below. The corresponding estimates for odometer readings assumed by EMFAC2011 for Imperial County in 2014 are also included. Note that the defaults from EMFAC2011 assume significantly higher odometer readings than what was actually observed in the vehicle survey data at the border crossing. Because emission control equipment on vehicles is assumed to degrade as a function of both age and odometer, the observation that vehicles at the border crossing have relatively low odometer readings for their ages is important.


Historic odometer assumptions in EMFAC for privately owned vehicles were not consistent with the odometer readings observed at the port-of-entry. Starting with EMFAC2014, odometer estimates in EMFAC for privately owned vehicles were revised to better match real world data. EMFAC’s improved odometer data provides a reasonable representation of the privately owned vehicle odometer readings at the port-of-entry. No modifications to the EMFAC2014 emission rates for privately owned vehicles were made to account for the port-of-entry specific odometer data.

Figure 1. Estimated Light Duty Automobile Odometer as a Function of Age

Figure 2. Estimated Light Duty Truck Odometer as a Function of Age

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Commercial Vehicles With the smaller sample size (N=38) for commercial odometer readings, default EMFAC2014 odometer data was used for developing port-of-entry specific emissions. To determine the reasonableness of the EMFAC2014 assumptions and potential need to collect odometer data in future surveys, the available data was modeled using a generalized linear model for odometer as a second order polynomial function of vehicle age. Results of this check are shown below in Figure 3. Default EMFAC 2014 odometer data likely overestimate the degree of deterioration in the emissions control components on commercial vehicles. Continued collection of commercial odometer data during future studies could be used to improve EMFAC2014 emission estimates.

Figure 3. Estimated Heavy Heavy Duty Truck Odometer as a Function of Age

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Statistical Analysis of Age Distribution The analysis of vehicle age distribution found that the distribution of passenger vehicle ages is a function of the border crossing lane type, the vehicle class, and the country that the vehicle is domiciled in. Seasonal effects were not found to be statistically significant for describing passenger vehicle ages. For commercial vehicles the border crossing lane type and the vehicle class were found to be significant variables for characterizing the distribution of engine model year.

A description of the statistical analysis of the fleet age distribution for passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles is detailed below, followed by plots of how the observed age distributions differ from the default age distributions in EMFAC 2014.

Passenger Vehicles Significant parameters for characterizing the age of passenger vehicles were identified using ANOVA based on the application of univariate general linear models4. The first model tested included main effects and higher order effects for:

• Vehicle class (autos, vs light duty trucks ≤ 3750 lbs., light duty trucks ≥ 3751 lbs.)

4 All of the models used to test for vehicle/engine age focus on how the parameters tested are associated with statistically significant variations in average vehicle ages. Thus the amount of variation explained by each model is relatively low, as depicted by the reported R squared and adjusted R squared values.

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• Lane type (general-purpose and SENTRI), and • Season (May, August, December).

The country of registration (domicile) was not included in the first model. Additionally, only six out of 1,111 passenger vehicles surveyed were diesel powered, so gasoline and diesel powered passenger vehicles are assumed to have the same age distribution.

Results of the 3(vehicle class) x 3(month) x 2(lane type) between-subjects factorial ANOVA are shown in Table 3. The main effect for lane type [F(1,992) = 52.112, p < 0.05] and vehicle class [F(2,992) = 7.014, p < 0.05] were found to be significant. The main effect for month [F(2,992) = 0.63, p > 0.05] was found to be insignificant. All two-way and three-way interaction terms were found to be insignificant. Analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 22 software General Linear Model (“UNIANOVA”) procedure.

Table 3. Dependent Variable: MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of

Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 2966.441a 17 174.497 6.042 .000 Intercept 2551348797.077 1 2551348797.077 88334125.360 .000 Lane Type 1505.309 1 1505.309 52.118 .000 Class 406.741 2 203.370 7.041 .001 Month 3.617 2 1.809 .063 .939 Lane Type * Class 4.130 2 2.065 .071 .931 Lane Type * Month 15.326 2 7.663 .265 .767 Class * Month 113.283 4 28.321 .981 .417 Lane Type * Class * Month 100.181 4 25.045 .867 .483 Error 28651.871 992 28.883 Total 4053995664.000 1010 Corrected Total 31618.313 1009 a. R Squared = .094 (Adjusted R Squared = .078)

The significance of vehicle domicile was checked through a refined model based on the main effects for lane type, vehicle class, month, and country of origin; all higher order terms were removed.

Results of the 3(vehicle class) x 3(month) x 2(lane type) x 2(country of domicile) between-subjects factorial ANOVA are shown in Table 4. The main effect for lane type [F(1,1003) = 62.710, p < 0.05], domicile [F(1,1003) = 142.490, p < 0.05], and vehicle class [F(2,1003) = 9.243, p < 0.05] were found to be significant. The main effect for month [F(2,1003) = 0.411, p > 0.05] was found to still be insignificant. Analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 22 software General Linear Model (“UNIANOVA”) procedure.

Table 4. Dependent Variable: MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects for Reduced Model, Including Domicile


Squares df Mean Square F Sig.


Corrected Model 2838.167a 6 473.028 16.485 .000 Intercept 2755023013.333 1 2755023013.333 96013693.328 .000 Lane Type 1799.414 1 1799.414 62.710 .000 Class 530.410 2 265.205 9.243 .000 Domicile 142.490 1 142.490 4.966 .026 Month 23.592 2 11.796 .411 .663 Error 28780.146 1003 28.694 Total 4053995664 1010 Corrected Total 31618.313 1009 a. R Squared = .090 (Adjusted R Squared = .084)

Commercial Vehicles Significant parameters for characterization of the age distributions for commercial vehicle engines was done using the same techniques as those for privately owned vehicles. The models tested considered main effects for the following characteristics. Higher order effects were not considered.

• Domicile (U.S., Mexico) • Season (May, December) • Lane (FAST, general-purpose) • Class (medium duty vehicle 5,751-8,500 lbs.; light heavy duty trucks 8,501-33,000 lbs.; and heavy

heavy duty trucks 33,000+ lbs.)

Results of the 3(vehicle class) x 2(month) x 2(lane type) x 2(country of domicile) between-subjects factorial ANOVA are shown in Table 5. The main effect for lane type [F(1,184) = 8.906, p < 0.05] and vehicle class [F(2,184) = 3.673, p < 0.05] were found to be significant. The main effect for month [F(1,184) = 0.395, p > 0.05], and domicile [F(1,184) = 2.360, p > 0.05] were found to be insignificant. Analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 22 software General Linear Model (“UNIANOVA”) procedure.


Table 5. Dependent Variable: Engine MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects


Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 765.086a 5 153.017 3.679 .003 Intercept 90405833.483 1 90405833.483 2173872.321 .000 Domicile 98.149 1 98.149 2.360 .126 Month 16.445 1 16.445 .395 .530 Lane 370.388 1 370.388 8.906 .003 Class 305.507 2 152.754 3.673 .027 Error 7652.093 184 41.587 Total 762434350.000 190 Corrected Total 8417.179 189 a. R Squared = .091 (Adjusted R Squared = .066)

A reduced model was test based on lane type and vehicle class. Results of the 3(vehicle class) x 2(lane type) between-subjects factorial ANOVA are shown in Table 6. The main effect for lane type [F(1,187) = 6.753, p < 0.05], and vehicle class [F(2,187) = 3.056, p < 0.05] were found to be significant. Analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 22 software General Linear Model (“UNIANOVA”) procedure.

Table 6. Dependent Variable: Engine MY, Tests of Between-subjects Effects, Reduced Model


Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 568.415a 3 189.472 4.074 .008 Intercept 135436249.181 1 135436249.181 2912329.984 .000 Lane 314.067 1 314.067 6.753 .010 Class 284.265 2 142.132 3.056 .049 Error 8696.329 187 46.504

Total 766331026.000 191

Corrected Total 9264.743 190 a. R Squared = .061 (Adjusted R Squared = .046)

Ultimately, the samples for medium duty vehicle 5,751-8,500 lbs., and light heavy duty trucks 8,501-33,000 lbs. were combined to estimate age distributions because of the relatively small sample sizes for commercial vehicles.

Age Distribution Plots Vehicle age distributions, as they were used for development of emission factors, are presented in the following figures:

• Figure 4. Light Duty Autos • Figure 5. Light Duty Trucks (0-3750 lbs.)


• Figure 6 Light Duty Trucks (3751 – 5750 lbs.) • Figure 7. Medium Duty Vehicles (5,751-8,500 lbs.), Light Heavy Duty Trucks (8,501-10,000 lbs.),

Light Heavy Duty Trucks (10,001-14,000 lbs.), and Medium Heavy Duty Trucks (14,001-33,000 Llbs.)

• Figure 8. Heavy Heavy Duty Trucks (33,000 lbs. or More)

Because age data for gasoline and diesel powered vehicles was aggregated to develop the age distributions, EMFAC 2014 results shown in the figures plotting the ag distributions are also aggregated. There are several interesting observations:

• New U.S. domiciled, privately owned vehicles, were not observed at the border crossing. An antidotal explanation for this is a preference for U.S. residents to use a slightly older, but reliable, vehicle for trips into Mexico (see Figure 4 through Figure 6). In general, the average age of privately owned vehicles crossing the border is older than the average age of privately owned vehicles in Imperial County.

• The average age of commercial vehicles crossing the border is older than the average age of commercial vehicles in Imperial County. The commercial fleet crossing the border has very few model year 2010 or later engines, which require selective catalytic reduction exhaust after-treatment to reduce NOx emissions. The California Air Resources Board in-use truck regulation5 came into effect in January 2015 for 1994 and older model year truck engines. Initially the in-use truck rule will only marginally impact the commercial fleet as relatively few of those oldest trucks are used to cross the border.

• Diesel powered commercial vehicles require ultra-low sulfur fuel starting with the 2007 engine model year. The majority of trucks crossing the border were observed to have 2007 or newer model year engines.

5 http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onrdiesel/documents/tbfinalreg.pdf


Figure 4. Light Duty Autos

Figure 5. Light Duty Trucks (0-3750 lbs.)


Figure 6 Light Duty Trucks (3751 – 5750 lbs.)

Figure 7. Medium Duty Vehicles (5,751-8,500 lbs.), Light Heavy Duty Trucks (8,501-10,000 lbs.), Light Heavy Duty Trucks (10,001-14,000 lbs.), and Medium Heavy Duty Trucks (14,001-33,000 Llbs.)


Figure 8. Heavy Heavy Duty Trucks (33,000 lbs. or More)

2.3 Analysis of Tally Sheets Cross-tabulations were prepared to characterize a number of key parameters for analysis of traffic operations and emissions at the ports-of-entry. Privately owned vehicle and commercial data are presented below.

Privately Owned Vehicle Data from Crosstabs The observed vehicle class distribution is shown below. Vehicle classes were not found to differ significantly by the type of border crossing lane being used, country of domicile, or vehicle age.

• Light duty autos: observed 51%, assumed 50%. • Light duty trucks (0-3,750 lbs): observed 25%, assumed 25%. • Light duty trucks (3,751-5,750 lbs): observed 24%, assumed 25%. • Motorcycles: observed <1%, assumed 0%.

The U.S. and Mexico have different standards for the properties of transportation fuels, which in turn effect emissions. The country where fuel was last purchased was used identify what fuel was being utilized at the border. The observed source of fuel at the ports-of-entry was:

• Mexican domiciled vehicles: 25% running on U.S. fuel and 75% running on Mexico fuel. • U.S. domiciled vehicles: 75% running on U.S. fuel and 25% running on Mexico fuel.

The relative volume of vehicles utilizing each type of border crossing lane at the ports-of-entry effects the border wait-time and queue length. Observed lane utilization was:

• Spring: 55% general-purpose and 45% SENTRI;


• Summer: 46% general-purpose and 54% SENTRI; • Winter: 46% general-purpose and 54% SENTRI.

Emissions from vehicles domiciled in the U.S. and Mexico differ, and knowing the relative fraction of each countries’ vehicles crossing the border is required. The observed breakout of country of domicile by lane type was:

• SENTRI lanes: 55% U.S. domiciled vehicles and 45% Mexican domiciled vehicles; • Ready lanes: assumed to match SENTRI; • General-purpose lanes: 60% U.S. domiciled vehicles and 40% Mexican domiciled vehicles.

Commercial Data Analysis Observed vehicle class distributions for commercial vehicles is also important. Vehicle classes were not found to differ significantly by the type of border crossing lane being used, country of domicile, or vehicle age. The observed commercial vehicle class distribution was:

• Heavy heavy duty trucks (33,000 + lbs): observed 79%, assumed 80%; • Medium duty vehicles through light heavy duty trucks (5,751-33,000 lbs): observed 14%,

assumed 14%; • Light duty truck 2 (3,751-5,750 lbs): observed 6%, used 6%; • Other: observed 1%, assumed 0%.

Fuel used:

Differences between fuel standards for diesel fuel in the U.S. and Mexico will not dramatically impact emissions. However, it is an interesting parameter because the majority of the fuel is being purchased in Mexico.

• 30% of the fuel being used in commercial vehicles is purchased in the U.S. • 70% of the fuel being used in commercial vehicles is purchased in Mexico.

Utilization of trusted travel lanes effects the border wait-times and queues. Observed lane utilization was:

• 54% of commercial vehicles use the general-purpose lanes; • 46% of commercial vehicles use the FAST lanes.

Unladen commercial trucks are processed faster than laden trucks, and the proportion of unladen trucks in the fleet crossing the border effects wait-times and queues. The laden/unladen splits used are6:

• 54% of commercial vehicles are laden; • 46% of commercial vehicles are undaden; • 2/3rds. of the unladen vehicles are assumed to use the general-purpose lanes.

6 Laden/unladen data from Transborder data (http://transborder.bts.gov/programs/international/transborder/TBDR_QA.html), distribution of unladen vehicles in general purpose lanes is based on tally sheets from this study.

http://transborder.bts.gov/programs/international/transborder/TBDR_QA.html


3.0 Existing Conditions Analysis 3.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section This section documents analysis of the existing delay and emissions at the Calexico West and Calexico East ports-of-entry (POEs). Reducing emissions of particulate matter (PM), reactive organic matter (ROG) and nitrous oxides (NOx) from idling vehicles at the POEs is one of the most important air quality challenges facing the Imperial County and Mexicali region. Even with standards taking effect over the next decade for idling vehicles, millions of vehicles will continue to emit large amounts of PM, NOx, and toxic air contaminates (a subset of the ROG emissions and PM emissions). Those emissions contribute to serious health problems, premature deaths, asthma attacks, loss of work, and numerous other negative health impacts every year.

The analysis presented here utilizes methodologies developed by FHWA on behalf of the U.S. – Mexico Joint Working Committee (herein referred to as the “JWC template”) 7 along with information collected through three at-border surveys and data collection efforts during May, August, and December 2014. The at-border data collected specifically for this study was augmented with electronic traffic counts provided by Caltrans, and the publicly available data previously described in the literature review.

Results of the analysis are presented in a series of tables that quantify vehicle activity and the associated emissions, along with a discussion summarizing that data. Background data and supporting information is presented first, to provide context for those results. Background data includes:

• POE Configuration and Activity – so that readers understand the physical layout and operations of the POEs;

• Queue Model Performance – describing the queue models used to derive detailed activity estimates in support of the emissions analysis.

3.2 POE Configuration and Activity This section describes each POE, with Calexico East broken out into the POV and commercial ports. Operational notes about incidents along the POE approaches that were observed by staff conducting the intercept surveys and on-site data collection is also included as “filed observations”.

Calexico West A schematic showing Calexico West is provided in Figure 9. Calexico West serves privately owned vehicles (POVs), including recreational vehicles and vehicles towing trailers. Buses and commercial vehicles exclusively use the Calexico East POE. The Calexico East POE is described later in this memorandum.

Calexico West has ten primary inspection booths and traffic through those booths is divided into three different streams, two of which are merged together just before the POE. The traffic streams are:

• Standard POV lanes;

7 FHWA (2012) United States-Mexico Land Ports-of-Entry Emissions and Border Wait-Time White Paper and Analysis Template, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.


• SENTRI lanes; and

• A medical lane which is managed by Ciudad de Mexicali to facilitate medical tourism by allowing eligible travelers to bypass most of the standard lane queue.

The inspection booths are typically configured so that up to three booths can service the SENTRI lane POVs, with the balance serving the standard lane POVs. Most traffic exits the Calexico West POE onto East 1st Street. POVs routed through secondary exit directly onto Imperial Avenue (SR 111). The secondary inspection area is located adjacent to the primary inspection booths. Table 7 provides a summary of the estimated hourly traffic volumes and booth configuration.

For security and operational reasons CBP does not disclose details about the number of secondary inspections performed, or the nature of those inspections. An assumption of 3% to 5% of the vehicles being diverted to secondary with an average dwell time of about a half hour has been utilized previously8 and is assumed here as well until better data becomes available.

8 FHWA (2012) United States-Mexico Land Ports-of-Entry Emissions and Border Wait-Time White Paper and Analysis Template, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC. Note that this assumptions has been crosschecked for reasonableness through capacity analysis and informal personal communication with staff at POEs in Texas and Washington.


Figure 9. Calexico West Traffic Flow Schematic


Table 7. Calexico West POV Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour

Day and Hour

Standard POV Lane Volume SENTRI Lane Volume May Aug Dec Booths May Aug Dec Booths

Tues-0 245 223 261 8.0 155 141 166 2.0 Tues-1 196 178 209 8.0 124 113 133 2.0 Tues-2 198 180 212 8.0 126 114 134 2.0 Tues-3 198 180 212 8.0 126 114 134 2.0 Tues-4 259 236 276 8.0 164 149 175 2.0 Tues-5 285 259 304 8.0 180 164 193 2.0 Tues-6 305 278 326 8.0 194 176 207 2.0 Tues-7 333 303 356 8.0 211 192 225 2.0 Tues-8 274 249 293 7.0 298 271 318 3.0 Tues-9 358 326 382 7.0 259 236 277 2.0

Tues-10 346 315 369 8.0 219 200 234 2.0 Tues-11 293 266 312 8.0 185 169 198 2.0 Tues-12 271 247 290 8.0 172 156 184 2.0 Tues-13 270 246 289 6.0 343 312 366 3.0 Tues-14 236 215 252 6.6 273 248 291 3.0 Tues-15 247 225 264 6.5 290 264 309 3.0 Tues-16 345 314 368 8.0 218 199 233 2.0 Tues-17 320 291 341 7.5 216 197 231 2.0 Tues-18 292 265 312 7.0 264 240 282 2.5 Tues-19 348 317 372 7.5 236 214 252 2.0 Tues-20 236 215 252 6.5 231 210 246 2.5 Tues-21 234 213 250 6.5 275 250 293 3.0 Tues-22 176 160 188 7.0 159 145 170 2.5 Tues-23 341 310 364 8.5 102 93 109 1.0

The approach to Calexico West has four lanes to accommodate storage of vehicle queues. The two right most lanes are designated as the approaches for standard POVs, the left most lane is the SENTRI POV approach, and, the medical lane separates the standard and SENTRI POVs until those vehicles are blended back into the standard lane approximately 600 feet before the CBP primary inspection booths. To the left of the SENTRI POV lane, a local circulation lane accommodates local traffic that is not accessing the POE. Calexico West is open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.

The following are observations noted by field crew during data collection activities. These observations are meant to identify possible areas of improvement both in infrastructure as well as port operations, to reduce congestion, improve traffic flow, or help plan for future port-of-entry (POE) designs that might reduce emissions.


• Calexico West Medical Tourism Lane & Traffic Conflicts: The Calexico West POE has a northbound segregated lane that has been designed to provide medical and health tourists to Mexicali with an “expedited” return back to the U.S. by allowing such verified tourists to enter the General northbound queue at the intersection of Calle Ayuntamiento and Cristobal Colon (adjacent to the Parque Niños Heroes – as seen in the photo at right). At this same location, the approach to SENTRI splits into the gated “Medical Lane” and a segregated SENTRI lane (which continues toward the Calexico West POE). Also at this location, “local” vehicles that either have been using the SENTRI approach, or that have turned onto Cristobal Colon from nearby streets and that may be picking up or dropping off pedestrians crossing the border, can enter and proceed northbound also in a segregated lane (next to the SENTRI lane). It was noted that when approximately 4-5 vehicles are in line waiting for verification at the Medical lane, this slows and can block northbound SENTRI vehicles (as well as “local” vehicles that have been using the SENTRI approach prior to the final lane segregation). This potentially could be resolved by a slight widening of the SENTRI lane approach at this intersection (which would require some modification of the sidewalks and corner infrastructure at Parque Niños Heroes), and/or moving lane dividers (barriers and gate) of the Medical lane up to accommodate 2-3 more cars.

• Overheating Cars & Vehicle Breakdowns: Another issue that potentially has applicability in other high-heat POE environments was the relatively common experience of vehicles overheating and impeding traffic. During the days Crossborder was in the field in August 2014 (with temperatures reaching over 120 degrees), multiple vehicles overheated and/or stopped working in queue each day, and had to be pushed (often by available local help from the nearby Parque Niños Heroes) toward the POE, or (alternatively) to the sides of the POE approach lanes – at times interfering with traffic. This might argue both for POE designs that incorporate “pull-out” areas for overheated vehicles (with appropriate access for repair services), as well as ways to attenuate extreme heat situations (given the impacts on individuals and on vehicles that may not have air conditioning, or that may be prone to breaking down). One potential option for future POE designs in high-heat environments would be to incorporate shading or even


energy-generating photovoltaic (PV) shading in the right-of-way leading to and within the POEs – either with rigid structures (that might be sturdy) or newer tensile PV fabric structures (that might be lighter weight). Appropriate shading might not only reduce the need for vehicles running air conditioning (and overloading motors) but also avoid heat-related car problems in queues, and generate solar energy for public uses. Coincidentally, the PV car park project shown at right is a project done by a European-based sister company of a tensile membrane firm with a manufacturing facility in Baja California.

• Informal Vehicle Parking in POE Approach: Also seen in the northbound vehicle approach to the Calexico West POE were individuals parking for non-vehicle related reasons adjacent to traffic flows. In the photo below, three vehicles can be seen parked next to the barrier and next to General POV flows into the POE. Drivers reported doing this for a range of reasons (picking up someone after a long border queue, retrieving a forgotten passport/visa from a friend, etc.). While usually it was possible for cars to flow past “parked” vehicles, there was some occasional confusion as drivers queued up behind parked cars. Similar to the overheated/broken-down vehicles, no specific space exists for POVs to pull out to address these issues after a long border delay.

• Traffic Conflicts in Northbound POV Approach: Another source of traffic conflict noted in the northbound POV approach at Calexico West POE are some local business driveways – including one for Mexico’s Postal Service – that periodically impede traffic in the “local” and SENTRI lanes. While these conflicts were only observed a few times during Crossborder’s field work, they did quickly create temporary queues in these lanes that built quickly (and quickly dispersed once vehicles related to these properties were no longer blocking traffic flows).


• Large Vehicles can Close Multiple POE Lanes: Field crew also reported seeing on multiple occasions that large RVs and truck/trailer combinations (such as the racing trailer in the photo below) could obstruct multiple lanes and POE inspection booths as they entered the Calexico West POE. While CBP does appear to recommend that such vehicles go to Calexico East, and CBP staff work to help drivers of such vehicles to get through the POE facility as best as possible, nonetheless blockages were seen (particularly on holiday/vacation time periods). As a general practice, having appropriately designed facilities would reduce such traffic impacts; having special lanes dedicated to such vehicles types or allowing them to use bus lanes (where available) might also avoid the emission impacts of larger vehicles (compared to other POVs, especially given their low proportions) rather than keeping them mixed with the General POVs.

3.3 Calexico East Commercial vehicles and POVs have separate crossing facilities at Calexico East. Figure 10 and Figure 11 provide a traffic flow schematic for both of the crossings at the POE. The schematic is split across two figures because it has a significantly larger footprint than Calexico West. POV and commercial facilities are described separately.

Calexico East POV facilities The POV crossing consists of eight inspection booths; traffic through those booths is divided into three different streams:

• SENTRI lane POVs typically use the left most primary inspection booths, though additional lanes can be assigned to serve the SENTRI traffic as warranted.

• Standard POV traffic utilizes from one to three of the right most primary inspection booths. All busses utilize the right most lane so that passengers can debus and be individually cleared for entry into the United States. The bus and standard POV traffic is intermixed.

• Ready Lane traffic is served by one to five of the available booths in between the SENTRI and standard POV booths.

Ready Lane POV processing is only available at Calexico East, which makes it the most utilized border crossing “program” at the Calexico East POE. The POV crossing is open from 3 AM till midnight on weekdays, and 6 AM till midnight on weekends. All of the POV traffic exits around the secondary inspection area onto SR-7. Table 8 below lists the estimated hourly traffic volume and booth configuration for the Calexico East POV crossing.

The assumption described for Calexico West POV traffic that 3% to 5% of the vehicles are diverted to secondary with an average dwell time of about a half hour is also utilized to analyze Calexico East. Traffic exits the Calexico East POE onto SR-7. The secondary inspection area is located adjacent to the primary inspection booths.


Approaching the primary inspection booths, there is a single SENTRI lane, a single Ready Lane, and two standard POV lanes.

Table 8. Calexico East POV Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour

Day and Hour

General-Purpose POV Lane Volume Ready Lane Volume SENTRI Lane Volume

May Aug Dec Booths May Aug Dec Booths May Aug Dec Booths Tues-0 - - - 3.0 - - - 3.5 - - - - Tues-1 - - - 1.0 - - - - - - - - Tues-2 1 1 1 6 6 6 - - - - - Tues-3 41 40 44 1.0 171 167 181 2.0 - - - - Tues-4 56 55 60 1.0 234 229 248 2.0 - - - - Tues-5 51 50 54 1.0 213 208 226 2.0 - - - - Tues-6 81 80 87 2.0 422 414 451 5.0 106 103 113 1.0 Tues-7 77 75 82 2.0 320 314 342 4.0 200 196 214 2.0 Tues-8 68 67 73 2.0 284 278 304 4.0 177 174 190 2.0 Tues-9 73 71 78 2.0 321 315 344 4.5 94 93 101 1.0

Tues-10 84 82 90 2.0 392 385 420 4.5 109 107 117 1.0 Tues-11 84 82 90 2.0 349 342 374 4.0 109 107 117 1.0 Tues-12 99 98 107 2.0 413 406 445 4.0 129 127 139 1.0 Tues-13 96 94 103 2.0 399 392 430 4.0 125 123 134 1.0 Tues-14 99 97 106 2.0 461 453 495 4.5 128 126 138 1.0 Tues-15 93 91 100 2.0 386 380 416 4.0 121 119 130 1.0 Tues-16 97 95 105 2.0 403 397 435 4.0 126 124 136 1.0 Tues-17 107 105 115 2.0 502 493 539 4.5 140 137 150 1.0 Tues-18 88 86 94 2.0 410 403 441 4.5 114 112 122 1.0 Tues-19 77 76 83 2.0 362 355 388 4.5 101 99 108 1.0 Tues-20 73 71 77 2.0 378 370 402 4.5 - - - - Tues-21 49 48 52 2.0 257 252 273 4.5 - - - - Tues-22 53 51 56 2.0 274 267 290 4.5 - - - - Tues-23 92 90 97 3.0 255 249 270 3.5 - - - -

Calexico East Commercial Facilities Commercial border crossings require the driver, vehicle, and cargo to be cleared by multiple agencies spanning both sides of the border, and are therefore more complex to understand and model. As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, northbound trucks go through six different key clearance processes as they cross the border:

• Aduanas entrance booth;

• Aduanas cargo inspection area;

• CBP primary inspection booth;


Figure 10. Calexico East Traffic Flow Schematic (United States)


Figure 11. Calexico East Traffic Flow Schematic (Mexico)


• CBP cargo inspection area;

• CBP exit booth; and

• CHP scales and safety inspections.

Each booth that the commercial vehicle passes through, and at the scales, there is the potential for queueing and idling. The cargo inspection areas require the commercial vehicles to pass through a variety of radiation monitors, x-ray, and gamma-ray scanners (which are referred to by the acronym: VACIS , or, Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System). A portion of vehicles are also referred to loading docks for physical inspection of the vehicle and cargo requiring several hours at times.

Based on the survey data collected at the commercial crossing for this study, the average commercial vehicle spends about four minutes in Aduanas and 11 minutes in the CBP cargo inspection areas, outside of the time spent in queues and transiting the facilities. In addition, about one-third of the commercial vehicles appear to experience a delay of several hours relative to other trucks that entered the border at the same time. Those multi-hour delays are assumed to be vehicles sent to the loading docks; it is assumed that vehicles at the loading docks are shut off while they undergo multi-hour inspections.

Estimated hourly traffic volumes and booth configurations for the commercial POE are provided in Table 9. The commercial port-of-entry is open from 6 AM to 8 PM, Monday through Friday and 10 AM to 6 PM Saturdays. The commercial POE is closed on Sunday.


Table 9. Calexico East Commercial Northbound Traffic Volumes and Booth Designations by Hour

Day and Hour

General-Purpose Commercial Lane Volume FAST Lane Volume

May Aug Dec Booths May Aug Dec Booths Tues-0 - - - - - - - - Tues-1 - - - - - - - - Tues-2 - - - - - - - - Tues-3 - - - - - - - - Tues-4 - - - - - - - - Tues-5 - - - - - - - - Tues-6 33 31 32 1.0 28 27 27 1.0 Tues-7 31 30 30 1.0 27 25 26 1.0 Tues-8 41 39 40 1.0 35 33 34 1.0 Tues-9 41 38 39 1.0 35 33 33 1.0

Tues-10 50 48 49 1.0 43 40 41 1.0 Tues-11 48 45 46 1.0 40 38 39 1.0 Tues-12 71 67 68 1.5 60 57 58 1.0 Tues-13 68 64 66 1.5 58 55 56 1.0 Tues-14 61 58 59 1.5 52 49 50 1.0 Tues-15 75 70 72 1.5 63 60 61 1.0 Tues-16 77 73 74 2.0 65 62 63 1.0 Tues-17 63 59 61 1.5 53 50 52 1.0 Tues-18 55 52 53 1.5 46 44 45 1.0 Tues-19 39 37 38 1.0 33 31 32 1.0 Tues-20 11 11 11 1.0 10 9 9 1.0 Tues-21 - - - - - - - - Tues-22 - - - - - - - - Tues-23 - - - - - - - -

• During data collection activities the field crew observed both General and FAST trucks with longer trailers often slowed significantly while turning into the road leading to the Aduanas facility due to the positioning of the barriers and the size of the entryway – even occasionally bumping into some of the barriers. This potentially could be avoided by enlarging the entryway. This slowing and delay was observed even though no major queues were present outside of the Aduanas gate during the three phases of the field work at Calexico East.


3.4 Queue Model Performance First-in, first-out queueing models of each process described above were developed and calibrated using information about processing times, average delays, peak delays and observed queue lengths from the at-border data collection efforts9 to validate the models. Over the next nine pages, preliminary graphics showing the resulting queue and delay characteristics from the analysis are presented. The first six graphics represent the POV crossings, then the last three plot the longest predicted commercial queues on the aerial images of the POE.

Figure 12 – Figure 14 show the queue length and duration for Calexico West by hour of the day. The standard lanes are shown in red with the bar chart representing hours of delay and the line graph showing the length of the queue in feet. The same information is provided for the SENTRI lanes in yellow. Maximum queues for the standard POV lanes are anticipated to occur in May, with queues nearly 8,000 feet long and over 2.5 hours in duration. The longest SENTRI lane queues are expected in December, and are almost 4000 feet long, resulting in about 45 minutes of delay.

Figure 15 – Figure 17 provide the same types of information for the Calexico East POV port-of-entry. Once again red and yellow is used to show standard POV, and SENTRI lane queue length and delay. Data for the Ready Lanes are shown in blue. This study did not collect data at the Calexico East POV crossing, and was designed with the expectation of extrapolating Calexico West data to reflect Calexico East POVs. Processing times were assumed to be about 10% faster at Calexico East than they were at Calexico West, and the delays and queues were still estimated to be worse than what was observed at Calexico West. These Calexico East POV models may need more fine tuning as the study progresses. It is clear that Calexico East is operating very near it’s capacity during much of the day, particularly the Ready Lanes. Small perturbations in the flows and processing speeds can rapidly back traffic up onto Calzada Abelardo L Rodriguez; which can be verified though historical Google imagery.

Figure 18 – Figure 20 show the maximum expected commercial queues for each month to provide a graphical representation of the queue model performance. Because there are so many processes, the aggregated queue length and delay charts used above do not convey useful information for the commercial vehicles. May was found to have the worst queueing of the periods studied, peak hour queues from the VACIS scanners and CBP exit are likely making truck movements within the cargo inspection area difficult, and the queue from the CBP primary inspection booths for standard commercial vehicles is estimated to back up to the Aduanas entrance booth. This type of queueing is indicative of some of the historic satellite imagery, and consistent with the relative lack of queues that this study found south of the Aduanas entrance area.

9


Figure 12. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During May, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco West, May, Tues

Std. Queue (Hr.) SENTRI Queue (Hr.) Std. Queue (ft) SENTRI Queue (ft)


Figure 13. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During August, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco West, Aug, Tues



Figure 14. Estimated Calexico West Queueing and Delay During December, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco West, Dec, Tues



Figure 15. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During May, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco East, May, Tues

Std. Queue (Hr.) SENTRI Queue (Hr.) Ready Queue (Hr.)

Std. Queue (ft) SENTRI Queue (ft) Ready Queue (ft)


Figure 16. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During August, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco East, Aug, Tues




Figure 17. Estimated Calexico East Queueing and Delay During December, 2014, by Hour of the Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

0 5 10 15 20

Dela

y (H

ours

)

Que

ue L

engt

h (F

eet)

Hour

Calexco East, Dec, Tues




Figure 18. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During May 2014


Figure 19. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During August 2014


Figure 20. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During December 2014


3.5 Emission Inventory Results Emission Rates For purposes of estimating emissions, the JWC template defined three types of vehicle behavior, based on detailed modeling and analysis of POE traffic:

• Stop-and-go queueing: Dense, congested traffic in lanes located at, or immediately upstream of, the primary inspection booths. In practice, average speeds of less than 1 mile per hour.

• Creeping queues: Characteristic of vehicle behavior on congested roadway segments that feed multiple stop-and-go queue lanes. In practice, average speeds of about 5 miles per hour.

• Uncongested operation: Travel and roadway segments leading up to queue links. Average speeds of 25 to 35 miles per hour.

Truck idling rates and trip end rates (i.e., hot soaks and engine starts) are also taken into account. The queue models were used to develop the required activity estimates and EMFAC 2014 was applied to develop emission rates reflecting the vehicle fleet characteristics identified through the at-border data collection.

Several adjustment factors are required to account for conditions that EMFAC cannot directly analyze.

• A fuel correction was estimated for the formulation of Mexican gasoline. The adjustment was derived in MOVES, using fuel data from the San Diego and Tijuana regions that had been developed for a related study. For San Diego, the default EMFAC2014 fuel formulations were used; the Tijuana fuel formulation was determined using data from the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturer’s North American Fuel Survey10. The fuel formulations and the share from each country varied by season. The percentages of fuel last purchased in each country were obtained from the at-border surveys.

• An adjustment for lower odometer readings and age distributions is being derived from EMFAC 2011 and an adjustment for the Mexicali I/M program is being derived from EMFAC 2011. Once available the emissions inventory is likely to shift up or down by about 10% for some portions of the fleet (i.e., the results shown below are still preliminary).

Emission Inventories Inventories for the existing conditions are tabulated for ROG, NOx and PM2.5 by both process and crossing for May (Table 10 - Table 12), August (Table 13 - Table 15), and December (Table 16 - Table 18) below.

In order to identify excess emissions, and to set a floor for any emission reduction benefits that could be achieved through reducing border wait-times, an idealized emission inventory was also generated (Table 19 - Table 27 below). These inventory estimates assume the same amount of VMT occurs, but with 100% of the operation as uncongested travel.

10 Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers, (07/2013, 01/2013, 01/2014, 07/2014) Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers North American Fuel Survey. 2014: http://www.autoalliance.org/index.cfm?objectid=6E64B9C0-40B5-11E3-8898000C296BA163.


Table 10. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions

Process Activity Quantity Units Volume

ROG Rate

(g/mile) or (g/hour)

ROG Emissions (Lbs./Day)

NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)

NOx Emissions (Lbs./Day)

PM2.5 Rate


PM2.5 Emissions (Lbs./Day)

U.S. Primary, Standard Lane

Uncongested 9,133.8 VMT 6,606 0.56 11.20 0.62 12.45 0.021 0.43

Creeping Queue 3,953.9 VMT 6,606 3.86 33.62 1.16 10.11 0.040 0.35

Stop-and-Go Queue 125.1 VMT 6,606 7.71 2.13 2.32 0.64 0.080 0.02

Idle 174.3 Veh. Hours 6,606 19.29 7.41 5.80 2.23 0.201 0.08

U.S. Primary, SENTRI Lane

Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 5,020 0.56 11.52 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43

Creeping Queue - VMT 5,020 3.87 0.00 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00


Idle 50.2 Veh. Hours 5,020 19.35 2.14 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02

U.S. Secondary Creeping Queue (Standard Lane)

6.26 VMT 6,606 3.86 0.05 1.16 0.02 0.040 0.00

Creeping Queue (SENTRI Lane)

4.75 VMT 5,020 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00

30 Min. Soak & Restart (Standard Lane)

330 Vehicles 6,606 1.54 1.12 0.71 0.52 0.002 0.00

30 Min. Soak & Restart (SENTRI Lane)

251 Vehicles 5.020 1.54 0.85 0.69 0.38 0.002 0.00

Subtotal, Calexico West POE, Northbound 81.67 42.79 1.45


Table 11. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,998.3 VMT 1,639 0.56 3.68 0.62 4.09 0.021 0.14

Creeping Queue 198.4 VMT 1,639 3.86 1.69 1.16 0.51 0.040 0.02


Idle 42.8 Veh. Hours 1,639 19.29 1.82 5.80 0.55 0.201 0.02

U.S. Primary, Ready Lane

Uncongested 12,381.8 VMT 7,211 0.56 15.24 0.60 16.43 0.021 0.57



Idle 75.1 Veh. Hours 7,211 19.35 3.20 5.65 0.94 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,463.8 VMT 1,778 0.56 4.26 0.60 4.60 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,778 19.35 0.61 5.65 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.6 VMT 1,639 3.86 0.01 1.16 0.00 0.040 0.00

Creeping Queue (Ready Lane)

6.8 VMT 7,211 3.87 0.06 1.13 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,778 3.87 0.01 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00

30 Min. Soak and Restart (Standard Lane)

81.9 Vehicles 1,639 1.54 0.28 0.71 0.13 0.002 0.00

30 Min. Soak and Restart (Ready Lane)

360.6 Vehicles 7,211 1.54 1.23 0.69 0.55 0.002 0.00

30 Min. Soak and Restart (SENTRI Lane)

88.9 Vehicles 1,778 1.54 0.30 0.69 0.14 0.002 0.00

Subtotal, Calexico East POE, Northbound 58.66 35.81 1.22


Table 12. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance

Stop-and-Go Queue (Standard, Laden)

7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04

Stop-and-Go Queue (Standard, Unladen)

6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03

Stop-and-Go Queue (FAST, Laden)

16.1 VMT 467 13.50 0.48 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08

Stop-and-Go Queue (FAST, Unladen)

3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02

Idle (Standard) 18.0 Veh. Hours 762 33.76 1.34 162.27 6.44 5.668 0.22

Idle (FAST) 15.3 Veh. Hours 649 33.76 1.14 162.27 5.48 5.668 0.19

MX Aduanas Cargo Inspection



U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.50 3.76 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.50 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.50 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01



U.S. CBP Cargo Inspection


22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 12. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



U.S. CBP Exit Stop-and-Go Queue (Standard, Laden)

16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04



California CHP Stop-and-Go Queue (Standard, Laden)

7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02



Other Uncongested Movement (Standard)

2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25

Uncongested Movement (FAST)

1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12

Subtotal, Calexico East Commercial, Northbound 38.49 259.88 7.74


Table 13. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,375.8 VMT 6,012 0.62 14.20 0.65 14.87 0.021 0.48



Idle 168.7 Veh. Hours 6,012 21.52 8.00 6.10 2.27 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 8,881.1 VMT 4,568 0.62 12.20 0.63 12.40 0.021 0.41



Idle 48.6 Veh. Hours 4,568 21.59 2.31 5.94 0.64 0.198 0.02


5.693182 VMT 6,012 4.30 0.05 1.22 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.325758 VMT 4,568 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


301 Vehicles 6,012 1.70 1.12 0.77 0.51 0.002 0.00


228 Vehicles 4,568 1.70 0.85 0.74 0.37 0.002 0.00



Table 14. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,900.8 VMT 1,608 0.62 3.97 0.65 4.16 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.0 Veh. Hours 1,608 21.52 1.99 6.10 0.56 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,064.0 VMT 7,075 0.62 17.94 0.63 18.23 0.021 0.61



Idle 73.7 Veh. Hours 7,075 21.59 3.51 5.94 0.97 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,445.8 VMT 1,746 0.62 4.73 0.63 4.81 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.1 Veh. Hours 1,746 21.59 0.67 5.94 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.5 VMT 1,608 430 0.01 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.7 VMT 7,075 4.32 0.06 1.19 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,746 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


80.4 Vehicles 1,608 1.70 0.30 0.77 0.14 0.002 0.00


353.7 Vehicles 7,075 1.70 1.32 0.74 0.58 0.002 0.00


87.3 Vehicles 1,746 1.70 0.33 0.74 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 15. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.35 2.267 0.05


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.56 1.64 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.56 0.12 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 172 13.56 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01





10.7 VMT 389 13.56 0.32 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.56 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05


12.2 VMT 389 13.56 0.36 64.90 1.74 2.267 0.06


4.7 VMT 151 13.56 0.14 64.90 0.68 5,668 0.02




Table 15. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 16. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,043.8 VMT 7,055.0 0.44 10.78 0.73 17.73 0.021 0.51

Creeping Queue 3,061.5 VMT 7,055.0 3.07 20.75 1.37 9.24 0.040 0.27

Stop-and-Go Queue 134.8 VMT 7,055.0 6.15 1.83 2.74 0.81 0.080 0.02

Idle 170.5 Veh. Hours 7,055.0 15.37 5.78 6.84 2.57 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,345.6 VMT 5,361.0 0.44 9.08 0.71 14.61 0.021 0.43

Creeping Queue - VMT 5,361.0 3.06 0.00 1.33 0.00 0.040 0.00

Stop-and-Go Queue 1,403.8 VMT 5,361.0 6.12 18.94 2.67 8.25 0.079 0.25

Idle 50.6 Veh. Hours 5,361.0 15.30 1.71 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


6.680871 VMT 7,055.0 3.07 0.05 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.076705 VMT 5,361.0 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


353 Vehicles 7,055.0 1.17 0.91 0.90 0.70 0.002 0.00


268 Vehicles 5,361.0 1.16 0.69 0.87 0.52 0.002 0.00



Table 17. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 3,246.0 VMT 1,754 0.44 3.17 0.73 5.21 0.021 0.15



Idle 40.4 Veh. Hours 1,754 15.37 1.37 6.84 0.61 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,732.1 VMT 7,719 0.44 13.35 0.71 21.47 0.021 0.64



Idle 74.0 Veh. Hours 7,719 15.30 2.49 6.66 1.09 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,701.3 VMT 1,908 0.44 3.60 0.71 5.79 0.021 0.17



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,908 15.30 0.48 6.66 0.21 0.198 0.01


1.7 VMT 1,754 3.07 0.01 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


7.3 VMT 7,719 3.06 0.05 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.8 VMT 1,908 3.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


87.7 Vehicles 1,754 1.17 0.23 0.90 0.17 0.002 0.00


385.9 Vehicles 7,719 1.16 0.99 0.87 0.74 0.002 0.00


95.4 Vehicles 1,908 1.16 0.24 0.87 0.18 0.002 0.00



Table 18. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.44 0.33 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.4 2.39 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.06 64.94 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.41 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.35 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.46 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.18 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03




Table 18. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Baseline Vehicle Activity & Emissions (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 19. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



Calexico West Private Vehicle

Uncongested Standard Lane

13,212 VMT 6,606 0.56 16.21 0.62 18.01 0.021 0.62

Uncongested SENTRI Lane 10,040 VMT 5,020 0.56 12.36 0.60 13.32 0.021 0.47

Subtotal, Calexico West POE, Northbound 28.56 31.33 1.08 Table 20. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



Calexico East Private Vehicle


3,278 VMT 1,639 0.56 4.02 0.62 4.47 0.021 0.15

Uncongested Ready Lane 14,423 VMT 7,211 0.56 17.75 0.60 19.14 0.021 0.67


Subtotal, Calexico West POE, Northbound 26.15 28.33 0.99 Table 21. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



Calexico East Commercial

Uncongested Movement (Standard)

2.285.82 VMT 762 0.76 3.82 12.36 62.28 0.276 1.39


1,947.18 VMT 649 0.76 3.25 12.36 53.06 0.276 1.19

Subtotal, Calexico West Commercial Baseline, Northbound 7.07 115.34 2.58


Table 22. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





12,024 VMT 6,012 0.62 16.46 0.65 17.23 0.021 0.56



Table 23. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





3,215 VMT 1,608 0.62 4.40 0.65 4.61 0.021 0.15




Table 24. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





2,162.39 VMT 721 0.76 3.64 12.36 58.93 0.276 1.32


1,842.03 VMT 614 0.76 3.10 12.36 50.20 0.276 1.12



Table 25. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





14,110 VMT 7,055 0.44 13.78 0.73 22.65 0.021 0.66



Table 26. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





3,508 VMT 1,754 0.44 3.43 0.73 5.63 0.021 0.16




Table 27. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with No POE Delay


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate





2,208.10 VMT 736 0.75 3.66 12.37 60.22 0.276 1.34


1,880.98 VMT 627 0.75 3.12 12.37 51.30 0.276 1.14



4.0 Emission Control Strategy Analysis 4.1 Purpose and Organization of this Section This section documents an analysis of seven potential emission reduction strategies at the Calexico West and Calexico East ports-of-entry (POEs). Summary tables and graphics compare the emission reductions across all seven strategies, followed by detailed results tables, showing emissions and daily traffic by process.

A description of the traffic and emissions modeling approach and data is provided in section 3.0 Existing Conditions Analysis. In general, delays and queues are estimated using calibrated queue models and observed traffic volumes. The resulting traffic activity data is then combined with emission factors from EMFAC2014 utilizing the analysis template created by the JWC template.

4.2 Emission Reduction Strategies The section 3.0 Existing Conditions Analysis described estimated vehicle emissions for baseline conditions representing the most congested spring, summer, and winter traffic conditions observed at the Calexico West and Calexico East ports-of-entry. Estimates of what the vehicle emissions would be without any ports-of-entry were also derived from the models. The difference between those emission inventories, with and without a port-of-entry, represents the excess emissions resulting from border delays.

This analysis considered seven strategies to reduce vehicle emissions at the ports-of entry:

• Phase 1 of the Calexico West POE reconstruction project; • Phase 2 of the Calexico West POE reconstruction project; • Use of California fuel in Mexicali; • A reduction in empty general-purpose truck trips; • Replacing 10% of general-purpose truck trips to FAST truck trips; • Streamlining commercial crossing by combining the Aduanas and CBP primary inspections; and • The Section 559 Proposal to expand the Calexico East POE.

A description of how each of these scenarios was assumed to operate is provided in the sections below.

Calexico West POE Phase 1 POE Project A layout showing the first phase of improvements at the Calexico West POE is shown in Figure 21.

• The first phase of improvements will construct ten new northbound primary inspection booths on the old commercial port-of-entry site, located west of the existing POE. It is assumed that the existing ten-booth port-of-entry will be abandoned and eventually demolished to allow for pedestrian POE improvements during phase 2 of the POE improvement project.

• Instrumented modern lanes are assumed to be more efficient, with processing times similar to those at the Calexico East port-of-entry. In addition to general-purpose and SENTRI lane traffic, the new port-of-entry is assumed to facilitate Ready Lane traffic.

• Traffic volumes between Calexico West and Calexico East were re-distributed based on the number of lanes open at each facility.


Northbound approaches in Mexico to the improved port-of-entry are shown in Figure 22. It was estimated that there would be up to four lanes for general-purpose lane traffic to access the port-of-entry, up to four lanes for Ready Lanes traffic, and up to two lanes for SENTRI lane traffic. Each booth was assumed to have approximately 500 feet of storage to accommodate northbound traffic prior to it backing up onto the access roads.

Opening of the Phase 1 improvements is anticipated to increase the daily volumes and peak-hour volumes through the Calexico West port-of-entry, and shorten border crossing delays. The emissions analysis presented later shows that those shorter delays reduce emissions for each vehicle crossing the border. However, shifting privately owned vehicle traffic from Calexico East to Calexico West could overwhelm the benefits from reduced vehicle delays at Calexico West, leading to localized increases in emissions. Though not studied, any such localized emission increases would be mitigated within the first several years by anticipated turnover of the regions vehicle fleet.


Figure 21. Conceptual Layout for Phase 1 Improvements at the Calexico West POE

Source: Calexico West POE FEIS (http://www.gsa.gov/portal/category/106439)


Figure 22. Conceptual Design for Mexican POE



Calexico West POE Phase 2 POE Project A layout showing the second phase of improvements at the Calexico West POE is shown in Figure 23. The second phase of improvements will construct six additional northbound primary inspection booths for a total of 16. Traffic volumes between Calexico West and Calexico East were again re-distributed based on the number of lanes open at each facility. Northbound approaches accessing the port-of-entry in Mexico are anticipated to be consistent with those in place for the phase 1 improvements.

Opening of the phase 2 improvements is anticipated to further increase the daily volumes and peak-hour volumes through the Calexico West port-of-entry. Northbound delays are eliminated, generally resulting in lower emissions at both ports-of-entry.

Use of California Fuel in Mexicali Mexican fuel was modeled using data related work that looked at San Diego and Tijuana fuel and estimated the relative increase in emissions associated with the fuel formulations used in Tijuana. Fuel formulation data came from The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturer’s North American Fuel Survey11. Mexicali and Tijuana both receive fuel through the marine-terminal in Ensenada. Fuel correction factors developed to adjust and scale the emissions in prior work are applied to this study as well.

The fuel formulations and the share from each country vary by season. Correction factors were only applied to ROG emissions:

• Summer Mexican fuel adjustment factor = 3.7 • Winter Mexican fuel adjustment factor = 2.4

The fraction of US and Mexican registered vehicles running on Mexican fuel was taken from the intercept survey collected at Calexico West. To analyze the effect of selling California fuel in Mexicali, the fuel correction factors used to adjust average fleet emissions under all other scenarios were eliminated.

Reduction in Empty General-purpose Truck Trips This strategy reduces the volume of empty general-purpose trucks utilizing the Calexico East Commercial port-of-entry. The observed fraction of empty general-purpose trucks was 46%, and the observed empty fraction for FAST trucks was 28%. This strategy assumed A 39% reduction in empty commercial general-purpose traffic, so that the empty fraction would be matching the observed empty fraction for FAST trucks.

Strategies to manage empty back-haul trips include virtual truck and container yards to pool the truck fleet across shippers and improved logistics at individual firms. Additional review of the specific reasons for the differences in the empty truck crossing rates would need to be reviewed during the design of a pilot program.

11 Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers, (07/2013, 01/2013, 01/2014, 07/2014) Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers North American Fuel Survey. 2014: http://www.autoalliance.org/index.cfm?objectid=6E64B9C0-40B5-11E3-8898000C296BA163.


Figure 23. Conceptual Layout for Phase 2 Improvements at the Calexico West POE



Replacing 10% of General-purpose Truck Trips to FAST Truck Trips This strategy estimates the impact of shifting northbound truck trips from general-purpose trucks to FAST certified trucks to reduce delays and emissions. The emission analysis and comparisons are presented later. Figure 24 through Figure 26 summarize maximum queue lengths at the commercial port-of-entry with the redistribution of truck trips to FAST certified trucks.

Streamlining Commercial Crossing Emissions reduction benefits from combining processes at the commercial port-of-entry are considered. In this case, Aduanas and CBP primary inspections were assumed to be combined to reduce overall delay.

Calexico East Section 559 Proposal A proposed toll pilot project at Calexico East would add six privately owned vehicle lanes and three commercial vehicle lanes. The number of lanes northbound over the All American Canal would also be increased. The expanded facility would have 14 primary inspection booths for the privately owned vehicles, and 6 primary inspection booths for commercial vehicles. The proposed project would implemented through Section 559 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014,12. This scenario assumes that Phase 1 of the reconstruction of the Calexico West port-of-entry is also completed.

Private vehicle traffic is assumed to redistribute between Calexico East and Calexico West ports-of-entry based on the number of lanes at each facility. This has the effect of shifting border traffic that was attracted to the downtown by the reconstruction of the Calexico West POE back to the Calexico East POE. Queues and delay at CBP primary inspection booths are essentially eliminated for both private and commercial vehicle traffic. The benefit for commercial vehicles is limited however as the CBP cargo inspection processes create a bottleneck at times with the existing three commercial CBP primary inspection booths.

12 U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. General Services Agency (2014) Section 559 Donation Acceptance Authority, available on-line at www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/DAA%20Proposal%20 Evaluation%20Procedures%20&%20Criteria%20Framework_Public%20FINAL.pdf.

http://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/DAA%20Proposal%20Evaluation%20Procedures%20&%20Criteria%20Framework_Public%20FINAL.pdf

http://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/DAA%20Proposal%20Evaluation%20Procedures%20&%20Criteria%20Framework_Public%20FINAL.pdf


Figure 24. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During May 2014


Figure 25. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During August 2014


Figure 26. Estimated Calexico East Maximum Commercial Vehicle Queue Lengths During December 2014


4.3 Emission Reduction Benefits Results Results for Calexico West privately owned vehicles are summarized in Table 28, Calexico East privately owned vehicles in Table 29, and Calexico East commercial vehicles in Table 30. Staked bar charts summarizing the information are provided as Figure 27 through Figure 35.

Detailed results and calculation tables for the Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project strategy are provided in:

• Spring: Table 31, Table 32, and Table 33. • Summer: Table 34, Table 35, and Table 36. • Winter: Table 37, Table 38, and Table 39.

Detailed results and calculation tables for the Calexico West Phase 2 POE Project strategy are provided in:


Detailed results and calculation tables for the Reduction in Empty Commercial General-purpose Volume strategy are provided in:


Detailed results and calculation tables for the Shift 10% of Commercial General-purpose to FAST strategy are provided in:


Detailed results and calculation tables for the Combine Aduanas and CBP Primary strategy are provided in:

• Spring: Table 67, Table 68, and Table 69. • Summer: Table 70, Table 71, and Table 72 • Winter: Table 73, Table 74, and Table 75

Detailed results and calculation tables for the California Fuel strategy are provided in:

• Spring: Table 76, Table 77, and Table 78 • Summer: Table 79, Table 80, and Table 81 • Winter: Table 82, Table 83, and Table 84

Detailed results and calculation tables for the Calexico East Section 559 Proposal strategy are provided in:

• Spring: Table 85, Table 86, and Table 87


• Summer: Table 88, Table 89, and Table 90 • Winter: Table 91, Table 92, and Table 93

Table 28. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico West Privately Owned Vehicles (lb/day)

Calexico West POV

Season Scenario

Reactive Organic Gases (ROG

Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx)

Fine Particulate

(PM2.5) Spring Without POE 28.6 31.3 1.1

Baseline 81.7 42.8 1.5 Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project 64.3 44.7 1.5 Calexico West Phase 2 POE Project 54.9 46.0 1.6 California Fuel 39.4 42.8 1.5 Reduction in Empty Commercial General-purpose Volume

81.7 42.8 1.5

Shift 10% of Commercial General-purpose to FAST

81.7 42.8 1.5

Combine Aduanas and CBP Primary 81.7 42.8 1.5 Calexico East Section 559 Proposal 33.3 27.9 1.0

Summer Without POE 29.0 30.0 1.0 Baseline 61.3 37.4 1.2 Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project 70.9 46.8 1.5 Calexico West Phase 2 POE Project 57.6 45.7 1.5 California Fuel 29.6 37.4 1.2 Reduction in Empty Commercial General-purpose Volume

61.3 37.4 1.2


61.3 37.4 1.2


Winter Without POE 24.2 39.4 1.2 Baseline 70.6 55.2 1.6 Calexico West Phase 1 POE Project 51.5 53.1 1.5 Calexico West Phase 2 POE Project 46.4 58.1 1.7 California Fuel 45.2 55.2 1.6 Reduction in Empty Commercial General-purpose Volume

70.6 55.2 1.6


70.6 55.2 1.6



Table 29. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico East Privately Owned Vehicles (lb/day)

Calexico East POV

Season Scenario


Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx)

Fine Particulate



58.7 35.8 1.2

Shift 10% of Commercial General- Purpose to FAST

58.7 35.8 1.2



56.9 35.9 1.2


56.9 35.9 1.2



46.8 44.6 1.3


46.8 44.6 1.3



Table 30. Emission Reduction Strategy Summary for Calexico East Commercial Vehicles (lb/day)


Season Scenario


Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx)

Fine Particulate



38.3 258.7 7.7


37.5 256.0 7.6



32.5 228.9 6.7


32.3 228.4 6.7



34.0 238.6 7.0


33.6 237.1 6.9



Figure 27. Comparison of Spring ROG Emissions

33.4

81.7

81.7

81.7

39.4

54.9

64.3

81.7

28.6

47.1

58.7

58.7

58.7

27.9

25.5

41.2

58.7

26.2

35.1

35.0

37.5

38.3

37.8

38.5

38.5

38.5

7.1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Calexico East Section559 Proposal, with

Calexico West Phase 1POE Project

Combine Aduanas andCBP Primary

Shift 10% of CommercialGeneral-Purpose to FAST

Reduction in EmptyCommercial General-

Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Spring 2014 ROG (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison

Calexico West POV Calexico East POV Calexico East Commercial


Figure 28. Comparison of Summer ROG Emissions

34.9

61.3

61.3

61.3

29.6

57.6

70.9

61.3

29.0

49.5

56.9

56.9

56.9

27.0

26.9

39.1

56.9

28.6

31.4

29.6

32.3

32.5

32.1

32.7

32.7

32.7

6.7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Summer 2014 ROG (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 29. Comparison of Winter ROG Emissions

28.2

70.6

70.6

70.6

45.2

46.4

51.5

70.6

24.2

39.8

46.8

46.8

46.8

29.7

21.6

34.4

46.8

22.1

32.2

31.0

33.6

34.0

33.9

34.2

34.2

34.2

6.8

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Winter 2014 ROG (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 30. Comparison of Spring NOx Emissions

27.9

42.8

42.8

42.8

42.8

46.0

44.7

42.8

31.3

39.5

35.8

35.8

35.8

35.8

21.4

30.0

35.8

28.3

243.5

243.1

256.0

258.7

259.9

259.9

259.9

259.9

115.3

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Spring 2014 NOx (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 31. Comparison of Summer NOx Emissions

27.7

37.4

37.4

37.4

37.4

45.7

46.8

37.4

30.0

39.3

35.9

35.9

35.9

35.9

21.3

29.1

35.9

29.2

223.8

215.0

228.4

228.9

230.8

230.0

230.0

230.0

109.1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Summer 2014 NOx (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 32. Comparison of Winter NOx Emissions

35.2

55.2

55.2

55.2

55.2

58.1

53.1

55.2

39.4

49.9

44.6

44.6

44.6

44.6

27.0

38.0

44.6

35.7

229.8

224.1

237.1

238.6

239.7

239.7

239.7

239.7

111.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Winter 2014 NOx(lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 33. Comparison of Spring PM2.5 Emissions

1

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.56

1.52

1.45

1.08

1.3

1.22

1.22

1.22

1.22

0.73

1.02

1.22

0.99

7.2

7.15

7.59

7.70

7.74

7.74

7.74

7.74

2.58

0 2 4 6 8 10 12






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Spring 2014 PM2.5 (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 34. Comparison of Summer PM2.5 Emissions

0.9

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.47

1.52

1.20

0.98

1.3

1.16

1.16

1.16

1.16

0.69

0.94

1.16

0.97

6.5

6.20

6.66

6.68

6.72

6.72

6.72

6.72

2.44

0 2 4 6 8 10 12






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Summer 2014 PM2.5 (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Figure 35. Comparison of Winter PM2.5 Emissions

1.0

1.59

1.59

1.59

1.59

1.67

1.53

1.59

1.15

1.4

1.29

1.29

1.29

1.29

0.78

1.09

1.29

1.06

6.7

6.50

6.94

7.00

7.04

7.04

7.04

7.04

2.49

0 2 4 6 8 10 12






Purpose Volume

California Fuel



Baseline

Without POE

Winter 2014 PM2.5 (lb/day)Emission Reduction Strategy Comparison



Table 31. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 8,853.2 VMT 4,861 0.56 10.86 0.62 12.07 0.021 0.41



Idle 131.0 Veh. Hours 4,861 19.29 5.57 5.80 1.68 0.201 0.06


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 4,009 0.56 11.52 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43



Idle 42.3 Veh. Hours 4,009 19.35 1.80 5.65 0.53 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 7,794.3 VMT 3,954 0.56 9.59 0.60 10.34 0.021 0.36



Idle 31.9 Veh. Hours 3,954 19.35 1.36 5.65 0.40 0.198 0.01


4.6 VMT 4,861 3.86 0.04 1.16 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.6 VMT 4,009 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.7 VMT 3,954 3.87 0.03 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


243.1 Vehicles 4,861 1.54 0.83 0.71 0.38 0.002 0.00


200.5 Vehicles 4,009 1.54 0.68 0.69 0.30 0.002 0.00


197.7 Vehicles 3,954 1.54 0.67 0.69 0.30 0.002 0.00



Table 32. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 6,106.8 VMT 3,384 0.56 7.49 0.62 8.32 0.021 0.28



Idle 91.2 Veh. Hours 3,384 19.29 3.88 5.80 1.17 0.201 0.04


Uncongested 6,193.8 VMT 3,203 0.56 7,62 0.60 8.22 0.021 0.29



Idle 33.8 Veh. Hours 3,203 19.35 1.44 5.65 0.42 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 5,605.2 VMT 2,844 0.56 6.90 0.60 7.44 0.021 0.26



Idle 22.9 Veh. Hours 2,844 19.35 0.98 5.65 0.29 0.198 0.01


3.2 VMT 3,384 3.86 0.03 1.16 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.0 VMT 3,203 3.87 0.03 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.7 VMT 2,844 3.87 0.02 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


169.2 Vehicles 3,384 1.54 0.58 0.71 0.26 0.002 0.00


160.2 Vehicles 3,203 1.54 0.54 0.69 0.24 0.002 0.00


142.2 Vehicles 3,384 1.54 0.48 0.69 0.22 0.002 0.00



Table 33. Calexico East POE Northbound CommercialåSpring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


16.1 VMT 467 13.50 0.48 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.50 3.76 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.50 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.50 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01





22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 33. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 34. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 8,853.2 VMT 4,488 0.62 12.12 0.65 12.69 0.021 0.41



Idle 120.9 Veh. Hours 4,488 21.52 5.74 6.10 1.63 0.201 0.05


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 3,933 0.62 12.86 0.63 13.07 0.021 0.43



Idle 41.5 Veh. Hours 3,933 21.59 1.98 5.94 0.54 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 7,794.3 VMT 3,669 0.62 10.70 0.63 10.88 0.021 0.36



Idle 29.6 Veh. Hours 3,669 21.59 1.41 5.94 0.39 0.198 0.01


4.3 VMT 4,488 4.30 0.04 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.3 VMT 3,933 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.5 VMT 3,669 4.32 0.03 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


224.4 Vehicles 4,488 1.70 0.84 0.77 0.38 0.002 0.00


196.7 Vehicles 3,933 1.70 0.74 0.74 0.32 0.002 0.00


183.5 Vehicles 3,669 1.70 0.69 0.74 0.30 0.002 0.00



Table 35. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 6,011.7 VMT 3,131 0.62 8.23 0.65 8.62 0.021 0.28



Idle 84.4 Veh. Hours 3,131 21.52 4.00 6.10 1.14 0.201 0.04


Uncongested 6,172.9 VMT 3,142 0.62 8.48 0.63 8.62 0.021 0.29



Idle 33.2 Veh. Hours 3,142 21.59 1.58 5.94 0.43 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 5,239.4 VMT 2,645 0.62 7.20 0.63 7.31 0.021 0.24



Idle 21.3 Veh. Hours 2,645 21.59 1.01 5.94 0.28 0.198 0.01


3.0 VMT 3,131 4.30 0.03 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.0 VMT 3,142 4.32 0.03 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.5 VMT 2,645 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


156.6 Vehicles 3,131 1.70 0.59 0.77 0.26 0.002 0.00


157.1 Vehicles 3,142 1.70 0.59 0.74 0.26 0.002 0.00


132.3 Vehicles 3,131 1.70 0.50 0.74 0.22 0.002 0.00



Table 36. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2)


ROG Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


NOx Rate



PM2.5 Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03

Stop-and-Go Queue (FAST, Laden) 9.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.35 2.267 0.05

Stop-and-Go Queue (FAST, Unladen) 3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02

Idle (Standard) 17.0 Veh. Hours

721 33.91 1.27 162.29 6.09 5.668 0.21

Idle (FAST) 14.5 Veh. Hours

614 33.91 1.08 162.29 5.19 5.668 0.18



721 33.91 2.42 162.29 11.56 5.668 0.40


614 33.91 2.38 162.29 11.37 5.668 0.40

U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.56 1.64 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.56 0.12 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02




721 33.91 0.90 162.29 4.30 5.668 0.15


614 33.91 0.77 162.29 3.66 5.668 0.13



10.7 VMT 389 13.56 0.32 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.56 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05




721 33.91 5.38 162.29 25.74 5.668 0.90


541 33.91 4.90 162.29 23.45 5.668 0.82




ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 019 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 37. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 8,853.2 VMT 5,193 0.44 8.64 0.73 14.21 0.021 0.41



Idle 139.9 Veh. Hours 5,193 15.37 4.74 6.84 2.11 0.201 0.06


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 4,291 0.44 9.10 0.71 14.64 0.021 0.43



Idle 45.3 Veh. Hours 4,291 15.30 1.53 6.66 0.67 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 7,794.3 VMT 4,228 0.44 7.58 0.71 12.18 0.021 0.36



Idle 34.1 Veh. Hours 4,228 15.30 1.15 6.66 0.50 0.198 0.01


4.9 VMT 5,193 3.07 0.03 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.9 VMT 4,291 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.0 VMT 4,228 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


259.7 Vehicles 5,193 1.17 0.67 0.90 0.51 0.002 0.00


214.6 Vehicles 4,291 1.16 0.55 0.87 0.41 0.002 0.00


211.4 Vehicles 4,228 1.16 0.54 0.87 0.41 0.002 0.00



Table 38. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 6,674.5 VMT 3,616 0.44 6.52 0.73 10.72 0.021 0.31



Idle 97.4 Veh. Hours 3,616 15.37 3.30 6.84 1.47 0.201 0.04


Uncongested 6,790.3 VMT 3,428 0.44 6.60 0.71 10.62 0.021 0.31



Idle 36.2 Veh. Hours 3,428 15.30 1.22 6.66 0.53 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 5,994.5 VMT 3,041 0.44 5.83 0.71 9.37 0.021 0.28



Idle 24.5 Veh. Hours 3,041 15.30 0.83 6.66 0.36 0.198 0.01


3.4 VMT 3,616 3.07 0.02 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.2 VMT 3,428 3.06 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.9 VMT 3,041 3.06 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


180.8 Vehicles 3,616 1.17 0.47 0.90 0.36 0.002 0.00


171.4 Vehicles 3,428 1.16 0.44 0.87 0.33 0.002 0.00


152.1 Vehicles 3,616 1.16 0.39 0.87 0.29 0.002 0.00



Table 39. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.44 0.47 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.44 3.70 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 451 13.44 0.26 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.06 64.94 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.67 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.57 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.76 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.30 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03






ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 40. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,303.4 VMT 5,706 0.56 13.87 0.62 15.41 0.021 0.53



Idle 153.7 Veh. Hours 5,706 19.29 6.54 5.80 1.97 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 9,527.7 VMT 4,809 0.56 11.73 0.60 12.64 0.021 0.44



Idle 50.8 Veh. Hours 4,809 19.35 2.17 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 9,239.7 VMT 4,664 0.56 11.37 0.60 12.26 0.021 0.43



Idle 37.6 Veh. Hours 4,664 19.35 1.60 5.65 0.47 0.198 0.02


5.4 VMT 5,706 3.86 0.05 1.16 0.01

0.040 0.00


5.4 VMT 4,809 3.87 0.05 1.13 0.01

0.040 0.00


4.4 VMT 4,664 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01

0.040 0.00


285.3 Vehicles 5,706 1.54 0.97 0.71 0.45

0.002 0.00


240.5 Vehicles 4,809 1.54 0.82 0.69 0.37

0.002 0.00


233.2 Vehicles 4,664 1.54 0.79 0.69 0.35

0.002 0.00



Table 41. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 5,030.2 VMT 2,539 0.56 6.17 0.62 6.86 0.021 0.23



Idle 68.4 Veh. Hours 2,539 19.29 2.91 5.80 0.88 0.201 0.03


Uncongested 4,758.6 VMT 2,402 0.56 5.86 0.60 6.32 0.021 0.22



Idle 25.4 Veh. Hours 2,402 19.35 1.08 5.65 0.32 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 4,226.6 VMT 2,133 0.56 5.20 0.60 5.61 0.021 0.20



Idle 17.2 Veh. Hours 2,133 19.35 0.73 5.65 0.21 0.198 0.01


2.4 VMT 2,539 3.86 0.02 1.16 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.3 VMT 2,402 3.87 0.02 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.0 VMT 2,133 3.87 0.02 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


127.0 Vehicles 2,539 1.54 0.43 0.71 0.20 0.002 0.00


120.1 Vehicles 2,402 1.54 0.41 0.69 0.18 0.002 0.00


106.7 Vehicles 2,539 1.54 0.36 0.69 0.16 0.002 0.00





ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


16.1 VMT 467 13.50 0.48 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.50 3.76 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.50 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.50 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01





22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05






ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 43. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,440.0 VMT 5,270 0.62 14.29 0.65 14.96 0.021 0.49 Creeping Queue - VMT 5,270 4.30 0.00 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00 Stop-and-Go Queue 99.8 VMT 5,270 8.61 1.89 2.44 0.54 0.080 0.02 Idle 142.0 Veh. Hours 5,270 21.52 6.74 6.10 1.91 0.201 0.06


Uncongested 9,347.2 VMT 4,718 0.62 12.84 0.63 13.05 0.021 0.43



Idle 49.8 Veh. Hours 4,718 21.59 2.37 5.94 0.65 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 8,577.4 VMT 4,330 0.62 11.78 0.63 11.97 0.021 0.40



Idle 34.9 Veh. Hours 4,330 21.59 1.66 5.94 0.46 0.198 0.02


5.0 VMT 5,270 4.30 0.05 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


5.0 VMT 4,718 4.32 0.05 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.1 VMT 4,330 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


263.5 Vehicles 5,270 1.70 0.99 0.77 0.44 0.002 0.00


235.9 Vehicles 4,718 1.70 0.88 0.74 0.39 0.002 0.00


216.5 Vehicles 4,330 1.70 0.81 0.74 0.36 0.002 0.00



Table 44. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 4,654.3 VMT 2,349 0.62 6.37 0.65 6.67 0.021 0.22



Idle 63.3 Veh. Hours 2,349 21.52 3.00 6.10 0.85 0.201 0.03


Uncongested 4,668.4 VMT 2,357 0.62 6.41 0.63 6.52 0.021 0.22



Idle 24.9 Veh. Hours 2,357 21.59 1.18 5.94 0.33 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 3,930.8 VMT 1,984 0.62 5.40 0.63 5.49 0.021 0.18



Idle 16.0 Veh. Hours 1,984 21.59 0.76 5.94 0.21 0.198 0.01


2.2 VMT 2,349 4.30 0.02 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.2 VMT 2,357 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


1.9 VMT 1,984 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


117.5 Vehicles 2,349 1.70 0.44 0.77 0.20 0.002 0.00


117.9 Vehicles 2,357 1.70 0.44 0.74 0.19 0.002 0.00


99.2 Vehicles 2,349 1.70 0.37 0.74 0.16 0.002 0.00





ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.35 2.267 0.05


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.56 1.64 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.56 0.12 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 172 13.56 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01






ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 46. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 12,077.1 VMT 6,096 0.44 11.79 0.73 19.39 0.021 0.56



Idle 164.3 Veh. Hours 6,096 15.37 5.57 6.84 2.48 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 10,197.8 VMT 5,148 0.44 9.91 0.71 15.94 0.021 0.47



Idle 54.3 Veh. Hours 5,148 15.30 1.83 6.66 0.80 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 9,880.6 VMT 4,988 0.44 9.60 0.71 15.45 0.021 0.46



Idle 40.2 Veh. Hours 4,988 15.30 1.36 6.66 0.59 0.198 0.02


5.8 VMT 6,096 3.07 0.04 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.8 VMT 5,148 3.06 0.04 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.7 VMT 4,988 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


304.8 Vehicles 6,096 1.17 0.79 0.90 0.60 0.002 0.00


257.4 Vehicles 5,148 1.16 0.66 0.87 0.50 0.002 0.00


249.4 Vehicles 4,988 1.16 0.64 0.87 0.48 0.002 0.00



Table 47. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 2


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 5,374.8 VMT 2,713 0.44 5.25 0.73 8.63 0.021 0.25



Idle 73.1 Veh. Hours 2,713 15.37 2.48 6.84 1.10 0.201 0.03


Uncongested 5,093.3 VMT 2,571 0.44 4.95 0.71 7.96 0.021 0.24



Idle 27.1 Veh. Hours 2,571 15.30 0.92 6.66 0.40 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 4,520.3 VMT 2,282 0.44 4.39 0.71 7.07 0.021 0.21



Idle 18.4 Veh. Hours 2,282 15.30 0.62 6.66 0.27 0.198 0.01


2.6 VMT 2,713 3.07 0.02 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.4 VMT 2,571 3.06 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.2 VMT 2,282 3.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


135.7 Vehicles 2,713 1.17 0.35 0.90 0.27 0.002 0.00


128.6 Vehicles 2,571 1.16 0.33 0.87 0.25 0.002 0.00


114.1 Vehicles 2,713 1.16 0.29 0.87 0.22 0.002 0.00





ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.44 0.33 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.44 2.39 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.06 64.94 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.41 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.35 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.46 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.18 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03






ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 49. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,133.8 VMT 6,606 0.56 11.20 0.62 12.45 0.021 0.43



Idle 174.3 Veh. Hours 6,606 19.29 7.41 5.80 2.23 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 5,020 0.56 11.52 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.2 Veh. Hours 5,020 19.35 2.14 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02


6.26 VMT 6,606 3.86 0.05 1.16 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.75 VMT 5,020 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


330 Vehicles 6,606 1.54 1.12 0.71 0.52 0.002 0.00


251 Vehicles 5,020 1.54 0.85 0.69 0.38 0.002 0.00



Table 50. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,998.3 VMT 1,639 0.56 3.68 0.62 4.09 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.8 Veh. Hours 1,639 19.29 1.82 5.80 0.55 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 12,381.8 VMT 7,211 0.56 15.24 0.60 16.43 0.021 0.57



Idle 75.1 Veh. Hours 7,211 19.35 3.20 5.65 0.94 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,463.8 VMT 1,778 0.56 4.26 0.60 4.60 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,778 19.35 0.61 5.65 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.6 VMT 1,639 3.86 0.01 1.16 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.8 VMT 7,211 3.87 0.06 1.13 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,778 3.87 0.01 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00


81.9 Vehicles 1,639 1.54 0.28 0.71 0.13 0.002 0.00


360.6 Vehicles 7,211 1.54 1.23 0.69 0.55 0.002 0.00


88.9 Vehicles 1,778 1.54 0.30 0.69 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 51. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 214 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


16.1 VMT 467 13.50 0.48 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.50 3.76 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.50 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.50 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01





22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 51. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 52. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,375.8 VMT 6,012 0.62 14.20 0.65 14.87 0.021 0.48



Idle 168.7 Veh. Hours 6,012 21.52 8.00 6.10 2.27 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 8,881.1 VMT 4,568 0.62 12.20 0.63 12.40 0.021 0.41



Idle 48.6 Veh. Hours 4,568 21.59 2.31 5.94 0.64 0.198 0.02


5.693182 VMT 6,012 4.30 0.05 1.22 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.325758 VMT 4,568 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


301 Vehicles 6,012 1.70 1.12 0.77 0.51 0.002 0.00


228 Vehicles 4,568 1.70 0.85 0.74 0.37 0.002 0.00



Table 53. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,900.8 VMT 1,608 0.62 3.97 0.65 4.16 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.0 Veh. Hours 1,608 21.52 1.99 6.10 0.56 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,064.0 VMT 7,075 0.62 17.94 0.63 18.23 0.021 0.61



Idle 73.7 Veh. Hours 7,075 21.59 3.51 5.94 0.97 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,445.8 VMT 1,746 0.62 4.73 0.63 4.81 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.1 Veh. Hours 1,746 21.59 0.67 5.94 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.5 VMT 1,608 4.30 0.01 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.7 VMT 7,075 4.32 0.06 1.19 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,746 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


80.4 Vehicles 1,608 1.70 0.30 0.77 0.14 0.002 0.00


353.7 Vehicles 7,075 1.70 1.32 0.74 0.58 0.002 0.00


87.3 Vehicles 1,746 1.70 0.33 0.74 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 54. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 202 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.35 2.267 0.05


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.56 1.64 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.56 0.12 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 172 13.56 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01





10.7 VMT 389 13.56 0.32 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.56 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05


12.2 VMT 389 13.56 0.36 64.90 1.74 2.267 0.06


4.7 VMT 151 13.56 0.14 64.90 0.68 2.267 0.02




Table 54. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 55. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,043.8 VMT 7,055.0 0.44 10.78 0.73 17.73 0.021 0.51



Idle 170.5 Veh. Hours 7,055.0 15.37 5.78 6.84 2.57 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,345.6 VMT 5,361.0 0.44 9.08 0.71 14.61 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.6 Veh. Hours 5,361.0 15.30 1.71 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


6.680871 VMT 7,055.0 3.07 0.05 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.076705 VMT 5,361.0 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


353 Vehicles 7,055.0 1.17 0.91 0.90 0.70 0.002 0.00


268 Vehicles 5,361.0 1.16 0.69 0.87 0.52 0.002 0.00



Table 56. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 3,246.0 VMT 1,754 0.44 3.17 0.73 5.21 0.021 0.15



Idle 40.4 Veh. Hours 1,754 15.37 1.37 6.84 0.61 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,732.1 VMT 7,719 0.44 13.35 0.71 21.47 0.021 0.64



Idle 74.0 Veh. Hours 7,719 15.30 2.49 6.66 1.09 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,701.3 VMT 1,908 0.44 3.60 0.71 5.79 0.021 0.17



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,908 15.30 0.48 6.66 0.21 0.198 0.01


1.7 VMT 1,754 3.07 0.01 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


7.3 VMT 7,719 3.06 0.05 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.8 VMT 1,908 3.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


87.7 Vehicles 1,754 1.17 0.23 0.90 0.17 0.002 0.00


385.9 Vehicles 7,719 1.16 0.99 0.87 0.74 0.002 0.00


95.4 Vehicles 1,908 1.16 0.24 0.87 0.18 0.002 0.00



Table 57. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 207 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.44 0.33 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.44 2.39 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.06 64.94 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.41 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.35 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.46 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.18 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03




Table 57. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Reduction in Empty General-purpose Commercial Trucks (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 58. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,133.8 VMT 6,606 0.56 11.20 0.62 12.45 0.021 0.43



Idle 174.3 Veh. Hours 6,606 19.29 7.41 5.80 2.23 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 5,020 0.56 11.52 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.2 Veh. Hours 5,020 19.35 2.14 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02


6.26 VMT 6,606 3.86 0.05 1.16 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.75 VMT 5,020 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


330 Vehicles 6,606 1.54 1.12 0.71 0.52 0.002 0.00


251 Vehicles 5,020 1.54 0.85 0.69 0.38 0.002 0.00



Table 59. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,998.3 VMT 1,639 0.56 3.68 0.62 4.09 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.8 Veh. Hours 1,639 19.29 1.82 5.80 0.55 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 12,381.8 VMT 7,211 0.56 15.24 0.60 16.43 0.021 0.57



Idle 75.1 Veh. Hours 7,211 19.35 3.20 5.65 0.94 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,463.8 VMT 1,778 0.56 4.26 0.60 4.60 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,778 19.35 0.61 5.65 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.6 VMT 1,639 3.86 0.01 1.16 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.8 VMT 7,211 3.87 0.06 1.13 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,778 3.87 0.01 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00


81.9 Vehicles 1,639 1.54 0.28 0.71 0.13 0.002 0.00


360.6 Vehicles 7,211 1.54 1.23 0.69 0.55 0.002 0.00


88.9 Vehicles 1,778 1.54 0.30 0.69 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 60. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.0 VMT 370 13.50 0.21 64.90 1.00 2.267 0.04


6.0 VMT 315 13.50 0.18 64.90 0.85 2.267 0.03


89.4 VMT 522 13.50 2.66 64.90 12.79 2.267 0.45


3.8 VMT 203 13.50 0.11 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


16.6 VMT 370 13.50 0.49 64.90 2.37 2.267 0.08


3.7 VMT 315 13.50 0.11 64.90 0.53 2.267 0.02


9.9 VMT 522 13.50 0.29 64.90 1.41 2.267 0.05


2.4 VMT 203 13.50 0.07 64.90 0.34 2.267 0.01





20.6 VMT 370 13.50 0.61 64.90 2.94 2.267 0.10


17.5 VMT 315 13.50 0.52 64.90 2.50 2.267 0.09


29.0 VMT 370 13.50 0.86 64.90 4.15 2.267 0.14


11.3 VMT 144 13.50 0.34 64.90 1.61 2.267 0.06




Table 60. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




15.1 VMT 370 13.50 0.45 64.90 2.16 2.267 0.08


12.8 VMT 315 13.50 0.38 64.90 1.84 2.267 0.06


21.3 VMT 522 13.50 0.63 64.90 3.04 2.267 0.11


8.3 VMT 203 13.50 0.25 64.90 1.18 2.267 0.04




7.0 VMT 370 13.50 0.21 64.90 1.00 2.267 0.04


6.0 VMT 315 13.50 0.18 64.90 0.85 2.267 0.03


9.9 VMT 522 13.50 0.29 64.90 1.41 2.267 0.05


3.8 VMT 203 13.50 0.11 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02




1,945.0 VMT 686 0.76 3.25 12.36 53.00 0.276 1.18


1,986.7 VMT 725 0.76 3.32 12.36 54.13 0.276 1.21



Table 61. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,375.8 VMT 6,012 0.62 14.20 0.65 14.87 0.021 0.48



Idle 168.7 Veh. Hours 6,012 21.52 8.00 6.10 2.27 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 8,881.1 VMT 4,568 0.62 12.20 0.63 12.40 0.021 0.41



Idle 48.6 Veh. Hours 4,568 21.59 2.31 5.94 0.64 0.198 0.02


5.693182 VMT 6,012 4.30 0.05 1.22 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.325758 VMT 4,568 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


301 Vehicles 6,012 1.70 1.12 0.77 0.51 0.002 0.00


228 Vehicles 4,568 1.70 0.85 0.74 0.37 0.002 0.00



Table 62. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,900.8 VMT 1,608 0.62 3.97 0.65 4.16 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.0 Veh. Hours 1,608 21.52 1.99 6.10 0.56 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,064.0 VMT 7,075 0.62 17.94 0.63 18.23 0.021 0.61



Idle 73.7 Veh. Hours 7,075 21.59 3.51 5.94 0.97 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 3,445.8 VMT 1,746 0.62 4.73 0.63 4.81 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.1 Veh. Hours 1,746 21.59 0.67 5.94 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.5 VMT 1,608 4.30 0.01 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.7 VMT 7,075 4.32 0.06 1.19 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,746 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


80.4 Vehicles 1,608 1.70 0.30 0.77 0.14 0.002 0.00


353.7 Vehicles 7,075 1.70 1.32 0.74 0.58 0.002 0.00


87.3 Vehicles 1,746 1.70 0.33 0.74 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 63. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


6.6 VMT 350 13.56 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


5.7 VMT 298 13.56 0.17 64.90 0.81 2.267 0.03


39.2 VMT 494 13.56 1.17 64.90 5.61 2.267 0.20


3.6 VMT 192 13.56 0.11 64.90 0.52 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


7.9 VMT 350 13.56 0.24 64.90 1.13 2.267 0.04


3.5 VMT 298 13.27 0.10 64.90 0.50 2.267 0.02


9.4 VMT 494 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.34 2.267 0.05


2.2 VMT 192 13.56 0.07 64.90 0.32 2.267 0.01





9.6 VMT 350 13.56 0.29 64.90 1.38 2.267 0.05


8.2 VMT 298 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.18 2.267 0.04


13.6 VMT 350 13.56 0.41 64.90 1.95 2.267 0.07


5.3 VMT 136 13.56 0.16 64.90 0.76 2.267 0.03




Table 63. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




6.6 VMT 350 13.56 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


5.7 VMT 298 13.56 0.17 64.90 0.81 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 494 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.34 2.267 0.05


3.6 VMT 192 13.56 0.11 64.90 0.52 2.267 0.02




6.6 VMT 350 13.56 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


5.7 VMT 298 13.56 0.17 64.90 0.81 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 494 13.56 0.28 64.90 1.34 2.267 0.05


3.6 VMT 192 13.56 0.11 64.90 0.52 2.267 0.02




1,880.1 VMT 649 0.76 3.16 12.36 51.24 0.276 1.14


1,959.0 VMT 686 0.76 3.29 12.36 53.39 0.276 1.19



Table 64. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,043.8 VMT 7,055.0 0.44 10.78 0.73 17.73 0.021 0.51



Idle 170.5 Veh. Hours 7,055.0 15.37 5.78 6.84 2.57 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,345.6 VMT 5,361.0 0.44 9.08 0.71 14.61 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.6 Veh. Hours 5,361.0 15.30 1.71 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


6.680871 VMT 7,055.0 3.07 0.05 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.076705 VMT 5,361.0 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


353 Vehicles 7,055.0 1.17 0.91 0.90 0.70 0.002 0.00


268 Vehicles 5,361.0 1.16 0.69 0.87 0.52 0.002 0.00



Table 65. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 3,246.0 VMT 1,754 0.44 3.17 0.73 5.21 0.021 0.15



Idle 40.4 Veh. Hours 1,754 15.37 1.37 6.84 0.61 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,732.1 VMT 7,719 0.44 13.35 0.71 21.47 0.021 0.64



Idle 74.0 Veh. Hours 7,719 15.30 2.49 6.66 1.09 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,701.3 VMT 1,908 0.44 3.60 0.71 5.79 0.021 0.17



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,908 15.30 0.48 6.66 0.21 0.198 0.01


1.7 VMT 1,754 3.07 0.01 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


7.3 VMT 7,719 3.06 0.05 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.8 VMT 1,908 3.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


87.7 Vehicles 1,754 1.17 0.23 0.90 0.17 0.002 0.00


385.9 Vehicles 7,719 1.16 0.99 0.87 0.74 0.002 0.00


95.4 Vehicles 1,908 1.16 0.24 0.87 0.18 0.002 0.00



Table 66. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


6.8 VMT 358 13.44 0.20 64.94 0.97 2.267 0.03


5.8 VMT 305 13.44 0.17 64.94 0.83 2.267 0.03


56.2 VMT 504 13.44 1.67 64.94 8.04 2.267 0.28


3.7 VMT 196 13.44 0.11 64.94 0.53 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


9.7 VMT 358 13.44 0.29 64.94 1.39 2.267 0.05


3.5 VMT 305 13.44 0.11 64.94 0.51 2.267 0.02


9.6 VMT 504 13.44 0.28 64.94 1.37 2.267 0.05


2.3 VMT 196 13.44 0.07 64.94 0.33 2.267 0.01





12.4 VMT 358 13.44 0.37 64.94 1.77 2.267 0.06


10.5 VMT 305 13.44 0.31 64.94 1.51 2.267 0.05


17.4 VMT 358 13.44 0.52 64.94 2.50 2.267 0.09


6.8 VMT 139 13.44 0.20 64.94 0.97 2.267 0.03




Table 66. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Shift of Commercial General-purpose to FAST (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




8.1 VMT 358 13.44 0.24 64.94 1.15 2.267 0.04


6.9 VMT 305 13.44 0.20 64.94 0.98 2.267 0.03


11.4 VMT 504 13.44 0.34 64.94 1.63 2.267 0.06


4.4 VMT 196 13.44 0.13 64.94 0.63 2.267 0.02




6.8 VMT 358 13.44 0.20 64.94 0.97 2.267 0.03


5.8 VMT 305 13.44 0.17 64.94 0.83 2.267 0.03


9.6 VMT 504 13.44 0.28 64.94 1.37 2.267 0.05


3.7 VMT 196 13.44 0.11 64.94 0.53 2.267 0.02




1,911.1 VMT 662 0.75 3.17 12.37 52.12 0.276 1.16


1,976.8 VMT 701 0.75 3.28 12.37 53.91 0.276 1.20



Table 67. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,133.8 VMT 6,606 0.56 11.20 0.62 12.45 0.021 0.43



Idle 174.3 Veh. Hours 6,606 19.29 7.41 5.80 2.23 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 5,020 0.56 11.52 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.2 Veh. Hours 5,020 19.35 2.14 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02


6.26 VMT 6,606 3.86 0.05 1.16 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.75 VMT 5,020 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


330 Vehicles 6,606 1.54 1.12 0.71 0.52 0.002 0.00


251 Vehicles 5,020 1.54 0.85 0.69 0.38 0.002 0.00



Table 68. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,998.3 VMT 1,639 0.56 3.68 0.62 4.09 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.8 Veh. Hours 1,639 19.29 1.82 5.80 0.55 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 12,381.8 VMT 7,211 0.56 15.24 0.60 16.43 0.021 0.57



Idle 75.1 Veh. Hours 7,211 19.35 3.20 5.65 0.94 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,463.8 VMT 1,778 0.56 4.26 0.60 4.60 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,778 19.35 0.61 5.65 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.6 VMT 1,639 3.86 0.01 1.16 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.8 VMT 7,211 3.87 0.06 1.13 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,778 3.87 0.01 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00


81.9 Vehicles 1,639 1.54 0.28 0.71 0.13 0.002 0.00


360.6 Vehicles 7,211 1.54 1.23 0.69 0.55 0.002 0.00


88.9 Vehicles 1,778 1.54 0.30 0.69 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 69. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


- VMT 411 13.50 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 350 13.50 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 467 13.50 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 182 13.50 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00

Idle (Standard) - Veh. Hours 762 33.76 0.00 162.27 0.00 5.668 0.00

Idle (FAST) - Veh. Hours 649 33.76 0.00 162.27 0.00 5.668 0.00




U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.50 3.76 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.50 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.50 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01





22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 69. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 70. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,375.8 VMT 6,012 0.62 14.20 0.65 14.87 0.021 0.48



Idle 168.7 Veh. Hours 6,012 21.52 8.00 6.10 2.27 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 8,881.1 VMT 4,568 0.62 12.20 0.63 12.40 0.021 0.41



Idle 48.6 Veh. Hours 4,568 21.59 2.31 5.94 0.64 0.198 0.02


5.693182 VMT 6,012 4.30 0.05 1.22 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.325758 VMT 4,568 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


301 Vehicles 6,012 1.70 1.12 0.77 0.51 0.002 0.00


228 Vehicles 4,568 1.70 0.85 0.74 0.37 0.002 0.00



Table 71. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,900.8 VMT 1,608 0.62 3.97 0.65 4.16 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.0 Veh. Hours 1,608 21.52 1.99 6.10 0.56 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,064.0 VMT 7,075 0.62 17.94 0.63 18.23 0.021 0.61



Idle 73.7 Veh. Hours 7,075 21.59 3.51 5.94 0.97 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3.445.8 VMT 1,746 0.62 4.73 0.63 4.81 0.021 0.16

Creeping Queue 12.7 VMT 1.746 4.32 0.12 1.19 0.03 0.040 0.00


Idle 14.1 Veh. Hours 1,746 21.59 0.67 5.94 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.5 VMT 1,608 4.30 0.01 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.7 VMT 7,075 4.32 0.06 1.19 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,746 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


80.4 Vehicles 1,608 1.70 0.30 0.77 0.14 0.002 0.00


353.7 Vehicles 7,075 1.70 1.32 0.74 0.58 0.002 0.00


87.3 Vehicles 1,746 1.70 0.33 0.74 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 72. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


- VMT 389 13.56 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 332 13.56 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 442 13.56 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 172 13.56 0.00 64.90 0.00 2.267 0.00






U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.56 1.64 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.56 0.12 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 172 13.56 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01





10.7 VMT 389 13.56 0.32 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.56 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05


12.2 VMT 389 13.56 0.36 64.90 1.74 2.267 0.06


4.7 VMT 151 13.56 0.14 64.90 0.68 2.267 0.02




Table 72. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 73. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,043.8 VMT 7,055.0 0.44 10.78 0.73 17.73 0.021 0.51



Idle 170.5 Veh. Hours 7,055.0 15.37 5.78 6.84 2.57 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,345.6 VMT 5,361.0 0.44 9.08 0.71 14.61 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.6 Veh. Hours 5,361.0 15.30 1.71 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


6.680871 VMT 7,055.0 3.07 0.05 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.076705 VMT 5,361.0 3.06 0.00 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


353 Vehicles 7,055.0 1.17 0.91 0.90 0.70 0.002 0.00


268 Vehicles 5,361.0 1.16 0.69 0.87 0.52 0.002 0.00



Table 74. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 3,246.0 VMT 1,754 0.44 3.17 0.73 5.21 0.021 0.15



Idle 40.4 Veh. Hours 1,754 15.37 1.37 6.84 0.61 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,732.1 VMT 7,719 0.44 13.35 0.71 21.47 0.021 0.64



Idle 74.0 Veh. Hours 7,719 15.30 2.49 6.66 1.09 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,701.3 VMT 1,908 0.44 3.60 0.71 5.79 0.021 0.17



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,908 15.30 0.48 6.66 0.21 0.198 0.01


1.7 VMT 1,754 3.07 0.01 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


7.3 VMT 7,719 3.06 0.05 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.8 VMT 1,908 3.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


87.7 Vehicles 1,754 1.17 0.23 0.90 0.17 0.002 0.00


385.9 Vehicles 7,719 1.16 0.99 0.87 0.74 0.002 0.00


95.4 Vehicles 1,908 1.16 0.24 0.87 0.18 0.002 0.00



Table 75. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


- VMT 397 13.44 0.00 64.94 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 339 13.44 0.00 64.94 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 451 13.44 0.00 64.94 0.00 2.267 0.00


- VMT 176 13.44 0.00 64.94 0.00 2.267 0.00






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.44 2.39 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.06 64.94 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.41 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.35 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.46 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.18 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03




Table 75. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Combined U.S.-Mex. Commercial Inspections (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.64 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 76. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,133.8 VMT 6,606 0.27 5.45 0.62 12.45 0.021 0.43



Idle 174.3 Veh. Hours 6,606 9.39 3.61 5.80 2.23 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,362.2 VMT 5,020 0.26 5.45 0.60 12.42 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.2 Veh. Hours 5,020 9.16 1.01 5.65 0.63 0.198 0.02


6.26 VMT 6,606 1.88 0.03 1.16 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.75 VMT 5,020 1.83 0.02 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


330 Vehicles 6,606 0.75 0.55 0.71 0.52 0.002 0.00


251 Vehicles 5,020 0.73 0.41 0.69 0.38 0.002 0.00



Table 77. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,998.3 VMT 1,639 0.27 1.79 0.62 4.09 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.8 Veh. Hours 1,639 9.39 0.89 5.80 0.55 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 12,381.8 VMT 7,211 0.26 7.21 0.60 16.43 0.021 0.57



Idle 75.1 Veh. Hours 7,211 9.16 1.52 5.65 0.94 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,463.8 VMT 1,778 0.26 2.02 0.60 4.60 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,778 9.16 0.29 5.65 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.6 VMT 1,639 1.88 0.01 1.16 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.8 VMT 7,211 1.83 0.03 1.13 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,778 1.83 0.01 1.13 0.00 0.040 0.00


81.9 Vehicles 1,639 0.75 0.14 0.71 0.13 0.002 0.00


360.6 Vehicles 7,211 0.73 0.58 0.69 0.55 0.002 0.00


88.9 Vehicles 1,778 0.73 0.14 0.69 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 78. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.8 VMT 411 13.27 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.27 0.19 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


16.1 VMT 467 13.27 0.47 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08


3.4 VMT 182 13.27 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


126.4 VMT 411 13.27 3.70 64.90 18.08 2.267 0.63


4.1 VMT 350 13.27 0.12 64.90 0.58 2.267 0.02


8.9 VMT 467 13.27 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


2.1 VMT 182 13.27 0.06 64.90 0.30 2.267 0.01





22.8 VMT 411 13.27 0.67 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.27 0.57 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.27 0.76 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.27 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 78. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.27 0.49 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.27 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.27 0.56 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.27 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.27 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.27 0.19 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.27 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.27 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.74 3.34 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.74 3.00 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 79. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 10,375.8 VMT 6,012 0.30 6.90 0.65 14.87 0.021 0.48



Idle 168.7 Veh. Hours 6,012 10.47 3.89 6.10 2.27 0.201 0.07


Uncongested 8,881.1 VMT 4.568 0.29 5.77 0.63 12.40 0.021 0.41



Idle 48.6 Veh. Hours 4,568 10.21 1.09 5.94 0.64 0.198 0.02


5.693182 VMT 6,012 2.09 0.03 1.22 0.02 0.040 0.00


4.325758 VMT 4.568 2.04 0.02 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


301 Vehicles 6,012 0.83 0.55 0.77 0.51 0.002 0.00


228 Vehicles 4,568 0.81 0.41 0.74 0.37 0.002 0.00



Table 80. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 2,900.8 VMT 1,608 0.30 1.93 0.65 4.16 0.021 0.14



Idle 42.0 Veh. Hours 1,608 10.47 0.97 6.10 0.56 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,064.0 VMT 7,075 0.29 8.48 0.63 18.23 0.021 0.61



Idle 73.7 Veh. Hours 7,075 10.21 1.66 5.94 0.97 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,445.8 VMT 1,746 0.29 2.24 0.63 4.81 0.021 0.16



Idle 14.1 Veh. Hours 1,746 10.21 0.32 5.94 0.18 0.198 0.01


1.5 VMT 1,608 2.09 0.01 1.22 0.00 0.040 0.00


6.7 VMT 7,075 2.04 0.03 1.19 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.7 VMT 1,746 2.04 0.01 1.19 0.00 0.040 0.00


80.4 Vehicles 1,608 0.83 0.15 0.77 0.14 0.002 0.00


353.7 Vehicles 7,075 0.81 0.63 0.74 0.58 0.002 0.00


87.3 Vehicles 1,746 0.81 0.16 0.74 0.14 0.002 0.00



Table 81. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.30 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.30 0.18 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


9.4 VMT 442 13.30 0.28 64.90 1.35 2.267 0.05


3.3 VMT 172 13.30 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


55.0 VMT 389 13.30 1.61 64.90 7.87 2.267 0.27


3.9 VMT 332 13.30 0.11 64.90 0.55 2.267 0.02


8.4 VMT 442 13.30 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 172 13.30 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01





10.7 VMT 389 13.30 0.31 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.30 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05


12.2 VMT 389 13.30 0.36 64.90 1.74 2.267 0.06


4.7 VMT 151 13.30 0.14 64.90 0.68 2.267 0.02




Table 81. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.30 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.30 0.18 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.30 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.30 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.30 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.30 0.18 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.30 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.30 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.74 3.34 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.74 2.90 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 82. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 11,043.8 VMT 7,055.0 0.29 6.96 0.73 17.73 0.021 0.51



Idle 170.5 Veh. Hours 7,055.0 9.93 3.73 6.84 2.57 0.201 0.08


Uncongested 9,345.6 VMT 5,361.0 0.28 5.75 0.71 14.61 0.021 0.43



Idle 50.6 Veh. Hours 5,361.0 9.69 1.08 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


6.680871 VMT 7,055.0 1.99 0.03 1.37 0.02 0.040 0.00


5.076705 VMT 5,361.0 1.94 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


353 Vehicles 7,055.0 0.76 0.59 0.90 0.70 0.002 0.00


268 Vehicles 5,361.0 0.74 0.44 0.87 0.52 0.002 0.00



Table 83. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 3,246.0 VMT 1,754 0.29 2.05 0.73 5.21 0.021 0.15



Idle 40.4 Veh. Hours 1,754 9.93 0.88 6.84 0.61 0.201 0.02


Uncongested 13,732.1 VMT 7,719 0.28 8.45 0.71 21.47 0.021 0.64



Idle 74.0 Veh. Hours 7,719 9.69 1.58 6.66 1.09 0.198 0.03


Uncongested 3,701.3 VMT 1,908 0.28 2.28 0.71 5.79 0.021 0.17



Idle 14.3 Veh. Hours 1,908 9.69 0.31 6.66 0.21 0.198 0.01


1.7 VMT 1,754 1.99 0.01 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


7.3 VMT 7,719 1.94 0.03 1.33 0.02 0.040 0.00


1.8 VMT 1,908 1.94 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


87.7 Vehicles 1,754 0.76 0.15 0.90 0.17 0.002 0.00


385.9 Vehicles 7,719 0.74 0.63 0.87 0.74 0.002 0.00


95.4 Vehicles 1,908 0.74 0.16 0.87 0.18 0.002 0.00



Table 84. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.31 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.31 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.31 0.33 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.31 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


80.6 VMT 397 13.31 2.36 64.94 11.54 2.267 0.40


3.9 VMT 339 13.31 0.12 64.94 0.56 2.267 0.02


8.5 VMT 451 13.31 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


2.0 VMT 176 13.31 0.06 64.90 0.29 2.267 0.01





13.7 VMT 397 13.31 0.40 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.31 0.34 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.31 0.46 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.31 0.18 64.90 0.87 2.267 0.03




Table 84. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with California Fuel (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.31 0.26 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.31 0.22 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.31 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.31 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.31 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.31 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.31 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.31 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.74 3.35 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.74 2.95 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Table 85. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 7,054.2 VMT 3,561 0.56 8.65 0.62 9.61 0.021 0.33



Idle 95.9 Veh. Hours 3,561 19.29 4.08 5.80 1.23 0.201 0.04


Uncongested 5,501.5 VMT 2,777 0.56 6.77 0.60 7.30 0.021 0.26



Idle 29.3 Veh. Hours 2,777 19.35 1.25 5.65 0.37 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 5,667.9 VMT 2,861 0.56 6.98 0.60 7.52 0.021 0.26



Idle 23.0 Veh. Hours 2,861 19.35 0.98 5.65 0.29 0.198 0.01


3.4 VMT 3,561 3.86 0.03 1.16 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.4 VMT 2,777 3.87 0.03 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.7 VMT 2,861 3.87 0.02 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


178.1 Vehicles 3,561 1.54 0.61 0.71 0.28 0.002 0.00


138.9 Vehicles 2,777 1.54 0.47 0.69 0.21 0.002 0.00


143.1 Vehicles 2,861 1.54 0.49 0.69 0.22 0.002 0.00



Table 86. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,279.4 VMT 4,684 0.56 11.38 0.62 12.65 0.021 0.43



Idle 126.2 Veh. Hours 4,684 19.29 5.37 5.80 1.61 0.201 0.06


Uncongested 8,784.9 VMT 4,434 0.56 10.81 0.60 11.66 0.021 0.41



Idle 46.8 Veh. Hours 4,434 19.35 2.00 5.65 0.58 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 7,798.4 VMT 3,936 0.56 9.60 0.60 10.35 0.021 0.36



Idle 31.7 Veh. Hours 3,936 19.35 1.35 5.65 0.39 0.198 0.01


4.4 VMT 4,684 3.86 0.04 1.16 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.2 VMT 4,434 3.87 0.04 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.7 VMT 3,936 3.87 0.03 1.13 0.01 0.040 0.00


234.2 Vehicles 4,684 1.54 0.80 0.71 0.37 0.002 0.00


221.7 Vehicles 4,434 1.54 0.75 0.69 0.34 0.002 0.00


196.8 Vehicles 4,684 1.54 0.67 0.69 0.30 0.002 0.00



Table 87. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


16.1 VMT 467 13.50 0.48 64.90 2.31 2.267 0.08


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02





22.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.68 64.90 3.27 2.267 0.11


19.5 VMT 350 13.50 0.58 64.90 2.78 2.267 0.10


25.9 VMT 411 13.50 0.77 64.90 3.71 2.267 0.13


10.1 VMT 160 13.50 0.30 64.90 1.44 2.267 0.05




Table 87. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Spring 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




16.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.50 64.90 2.40 2.267 0.08


14.3 VMT 350 13.50 0.42 64.90 2.04 2.267 0.07


19.0 VMT 467 13.50 0.57 64.90 2.72 2.267 0.10


7.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.22 64.90 1.06 2.267 0.04




7.8 VMT 411 13.50 0.23 64.90 1.11 2.267 0.04


6.6 VMT 350 13.50 0.20 64.90 0.95 2.267 0.03


8.9 VMT 467 13.50 0.26 64.90 1.27 2.267 0.04


3.4 VMT 182 13.50 0.10 64.90 0.49 2.267 0.02




2,053.2 VMT 762 0.76 3.43 12.36 55.94 0.276 1.25


1,841.9 VMT 649 0.76 3.08 12.36 50.19 0.276 1.12



Table 88. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 6,508.2 VMT 3,285 0.62 8.91 0.65 9.33 0.021 0.30



Idle 88.5 Veh. Hours 3,285 21.52 4.20 6.10 1.19 0.201 0.04


Uncongested 5,397.2 VMT 2,724 0.62 7.41 0.63 7.53 0.021 0.25



Idle 28.8 Veh. Hours 2,724 21.59 1.37 5.94 0.38 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 5,255.4 VMT 2,653 0.62 7.22 0.63 7.33 0.021 0.24



Idle 21.4 Veh. Hours 2,653 21.59 1.02 5.94 0.28 0.198 0.01


3.1 VMT 3,285 4.30 0.03 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.1 VMT 2,724 4.32 0.03 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.5 VMT 2,653 4.32 0.02 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


164.3 Vehicles 3,285 1.70 0.61 0.77 0.28 0.002 0.00


136.2 Vehicles 2,724 1.70 0.51 0.74 0.22 0.002 0.00


132.7 Vehicles 2,653 1.70 0.50 0.74 0.22 0.002 0.00



Table 89. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 8,586.1 VMT 4,334 0.62 11.75 0.65 12.31 0.021 0.40



Idle 116.8 Veh. Hours 4,334 21.52 5.54 6.10 1.57 0.201 0.05


Uncongested 8,618.5 VMT 4,350 0.62 11.84 0.63 12.03 0.021 0.40



Idle 45.9 Veh. Hours 4,350 21.59 2.19 5.94 0.60 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 7,252.7 VMT 3,661 0.62 9.96 0.63 10.12 0.021 0.34



Idle 29.5 Veh. Hours 3,661 21.59 1.40 5.94 0.39 0.198 0.01


4.1 VMT 4,334 4.30 0.04 1.22 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.1 VMT 4,350 4.32 0.04 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.5 VMT 3,661 4.32 0.03 1.19 0.01 0.040 0.00


216.7 Vehicles 4,334 1.70 0.81 0.77 0.37 0.002 0.00


217.5 Vehicles 4,350 1.70 0.81 0.74 0.36 0.002 0.00


183.1 Vehicles 4,334 1.70 0.69 0.74 0.30 0.002 0.00



Table 90. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2)


ROG Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


NOx Rate



PM2.5 Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


MX Aduanas Entrance


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03




721 33.91 1.27 162.29 6.09 5.668 0.21


614 33.91 1.08 162.29 5.19 5.668 0.18



721 33.91 2.42 162.29 11.56 5.668 0.40


614 33.91 2.38 162.29 11.37 5.668 0.40

U.S. CBP Primary


7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03




721 33.91 0.90 162.29 4.30 5.668 0.15


614 33.91 0.77 162.29 3.66 5.668 0.13



10.7 VMT 389 13.56 0.32 64.90 1.53 2.267 0.05


9.1 VMT 332 13.56 0.27 64.90 1.31 2.267 0.05




721 33.91 5.38 162.29 25.74 5.668 0.90


541 33.91 4.90 162.29 23.45 5.668 0.82


Table 90. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Summer 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 019 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




7.4 VMT 389 13.56 0.22 64.90 1.05 2.267 0.04


6.3 VMT 332 13.56 0.19 64.90 0.90 2.267 0.03


8.4 VMT 442 13.56 0.25 64.90 1.20 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 172 13.56 0.10 64.90 0.47 2.267 0.02




2,042.7 VMT 721 0.76 3.44 12.36 55.67 0.276 1.24


1,778.8 VMT 614 0.76 2.99 12.36 48.48 0.276 1.08



Table 91. Calexico West POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 7,536.8 VMT 3,804 0.44 7.36 0.73 12.10 0.021 0.35



Idle 102.5 Veh. Hours 3,804 15.37 3.47 6.84 1.55 0.201 0.05


Uncongested 5,888.3 VMT 2,972 0.44 5.72 0.71 9.21 0.021 0.27



Idle 31.4 Veh. Hours 2,972 15.30 1.06 6.66 0.46 0.198 0.01


Uncongested 6,060.6 VMT 3,059 0.44 5.89 0.71 9.47 0.021 0.28



Idle 24.6 Veh. Hours 3,059 15.30 0.83 6.66 0.36 0.198 0.01


3.6 VMT 3,804 3.07 0.02 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


3.6 VMT 2,972 3.06 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


2.9 VMT 3,059 3.06 0.02 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


190.2 Vehicles 3,804 1.17 0.49 0.90 0.38 0.002 0.00


148.6 Vehicles 2,972 1.16 0.38 0.87 0.29 0.002 0.00


153.0 Vehicles 3,059 1.16 0.39 0.87 0.29 0.002 0.00



Table 92. Calexico East POE Northbound Private Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




Uncongested 9,915.0 VMT 5,005 0.44 9.68 0.73 15.92 0.021 0.46



Idle 134.9 Veh. Hours 5,005 15.37 4.57 6.84 2.03 0.201 0.06


Uncongested 9,402.8 VMT 4,746 0.44 9.14 0.71 14.70 0.021 0.44



Idle 50.1 Veh. Hours 4,746 15.30 1.69 6.66 0.74 0.198 0.02


Uncongested 8,340.3 VMT 4,210 0.44 8.11 0.71 13.04 0.021 0.39



Idle 33.9 Veh. Hours 4,210 15.30 1.14 6.66 0.50 0.198 0.01


4.7 VMT 5,005 3.07 0.03 1.37 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.5 VMT 4,746 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


4.0 VMT 4,210 3.06 0.03 1.33 0.01 0.040 0.00


250.3 Vehicles 5,005 1.17 0.65 0.90 0.50 0.002 0.00


237.3 Vehicles 4,746 1.16 0.61 0.87 0.46 0.002 0.00


210.5 Vehicles 5,005 1.16 0.54 0.87 0.41 0.002 0.00



Table 93. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (1 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate



MX Aduanas Entrance


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


11.1 VMT 451 13.44 0.47 64.94 1.59 2.267 0.06


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02






U.S. CBP Primary


7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.6 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02





13.7 VMT 397 13.44 0.67 64.94 1.97 2.267 0.07


11.7 VMT 339 13.44 0.57 64.94 1.68 2.267 0.06


15.6 VMT 397 13.44 0.76 64.94 2.23 2.267 0.08


6.1 VMT 155 13.44 0.30 64.94 0.87 2.267 0.03




Table 93. Calexico East POE Northbound Commercial Vehicle Winter 2014 Vehicle Activity & Emissions with Calexico West Phase 1 & Calexico East Section 559 Proposal (2 of 2)


ROG Rate



NOx Rate

(g/mile) or

(g/hour)


PM2.5 Rate




9.0 VMT 397 13.44 0.27 64.94 1.28 2.267 0.04


7.6 VMT 339 13.44 0.23 64.94 1.09 2.267 0.04


10.2 VMT 451 13.44 0.30 64.94 1.46 2.267 0.05


4.0 VMT 176 13.44 0.12 64.94 0.57 2.267 0.02




7.5 VMT 397 13.44 0.22 64.94 1.08 2.267 0.04


6.4 VMT 339 13.44 0.19 64.94 0.92 2.267 0.03


8.5 VMT 451 13.44 0.25 64.94 1.22 2.267 0.04


3.3 VMT 176 13.44 0.10 64.94 0.48 2.267 0.02




2,053.7 VMT 736 0.75 3.41 12.37 56.01 0.276 1.25


1,808.3 VMT 627 0.75 3.00 12.37 49.31 0.276 1.10



Findings and Recommendations Emission Reduction Strategy Benefits The planned improvements at Calexico West are anticipated to reduce emissions impacts, however the benefits are not distributed evenly between the Calexico West and Calexico East ports-of-entry:

• Shifting traffic away from Calexico East reduces the delay and reduces emissions at Calexico East; • Under the Phase 1 improvements at Calexico West, the increased traffic flow is anticipated to

overwhelm the emission reduction benefits from the reduction in delay. A net increase in emissions at the Calexico West port-of-entry is anticipated, which is offset by a larger drop in emissions at the Calexico East port-of-entry; and

• Once the Phase 2 improvements are constructed, the additional reduction in delay eliminates those localized increases in ROG emissions at the Calexico West port-of-entry.

Adding additional CBP primary inspection booths for privately owned vehicles at the Calexico East POE through the Section 559 Proposal improvements, draws traffic away from the Calexico West POE and dramatically reduces emissions in downtown.

• Adding additional CBP primary inspection booths for commercial vehicles at the Calexico East POE through the Section 559 Proposal has only a marginal effect on emissions and border wait-times because the cargo inspection bottleneck still limits peak flow through the commercial port-of-entry.

• Because of the higher levels of aromatic compounds and higher vapor pressure found in the fuels sold in Mexicali, importing California fuel into Mexicali is anticipated to dramatically reduce emissions from privately owned vehicles.

• Strategies that focus on reducing the number of empty trucks, and moving more freight by FAST certified trucks, are only anticipated to provide an approximate 1% reduction in NOx and PM2.5. Streamlining the commercial crossing process was estimated to reduce NOx and PM2.5 by approximately 7%.

Recommendations The Calexico West improvements dramatically reduce emissions and wait-times for the Calexico/Mexicali region. Only Phase 1 of the Calexico West reconstruction project is funded. With implementation of only Phase 1, the emission reductions per vehicle at the Calexico West POE are anticipated to be more than offset by the potential redistribution of traffic from the Calexico East to the Calexico West port-of-entry. Stakeholders should work together to see the Phase 2 improvements funded, or implementation of the Section 559 Proposal’s expansion of the Calexico East privately owned vehicle port-of-entry.

Consideration should be given to adding additional cargo inspection capacity to the Section 559 Proposal’s expansion of the Calexico East commercial vehicle port-of-entry.


Discussion This study focused on season variations in northbound traffic, fleet characteristics and emissions, and collected extensive vehicle fleet data to aid in the development of emission factors. Analysis of that data led to important findings that can be extrapolated to other locations, and lead to recommendations for further work:

• There is not a statistically significant relationship between season (spring, summer, winter) and vehicle age distribution, or vehicle class distribution, when lane type and the country where vehicles are registered are accounted for. This finding reduces the need for intercept surveys in future studies.

• The sample size for commercial vehicles was relatively small. Additional work to verify that commercial vehicle ages and classes do not vary by lane-type would be helpful.

• Only northbound traffic was studied. The effects of southbound delay on emissions should be considered. That additional work would facilitate the use of air quality dispersion models and estimation of ambient pollutant concentrations associated with the ports-of-entry. Estimates of ambient concentrations should focus on the Calexico West port-of-entry because of its proximity to the business districts in Calexico and Mexicali.

Another noteworthy observation is that the fraction of commercial trucks experiencing long delays is difficult to determine. A notable number of trucks crossing the border in the morning were observed to have six to eight hour crossing times, suggesting they may have been subject to a lengthy cargo inspection. Commercial vehicles arriving later in the day and experiencing lengthy delays would exit the CBP facility after dark when they could not be observed by survey staff. Future studies might consider automated techniques to observe the dwell time for commercial vehicles in the port-of-entry, to understand their impact on emissions.

vehicle idling emissions study at calexico east and ... · 10/30/2015 · vehicle idling emissions...

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