05/02/2023

Vector biology and control

Christopher M. Barker, PhDUC Davis

Zika virus transmission

There are many species of mosquitoes

Aedes sierrensis

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

Anopheles freeborni

Culex tarsalis

Culex quinquefasciatus

DengueChikungunyaZika

Malaria Dog Heartworm

West NileSt. Louis encephalitis

?

“Container-breeding” mosquitoes

Sources: www.glacvcd.org; ECDC, Guidelines for the surveillance of native mosquitoes in Europe, 2014

Ae. albopictus2011

Ae. notoscriptus2014

Ae. aegypti 2013

Invasive “Container-Breeding” Aedes Mosquitoes in

California

Source: Marco Metzger, CDPH

Predicted distribution of Aedes aegypti

Moritz UG Kraemer et al. eLife Sciences 2015;4:e08347

Ae. albopictus

Kraemer et al. eLife 4: e08347.

Ae. aegyptiSuitability Maps

Mosquito surveillance in California

MVCAC

Tracking the spread of Zika virus vectors

(Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus)

Adult females, males

Eggs

Egg-layingfemales

Viruses• DENV• CHIKV• ZIKV• WNV•SLEV

Surveillance for Zika virus and invasive mosquitoes

MALDI-TOF testing of Aedes eggs to identify species

RT-PCR to detect Zika virus in mosquitoes

ReportingCDPHMVCACCDC

Mapping

Mapping Zika virus vectors

Real-time maps of Aedes

distribution

Climate-based suitability maps for Zika virus vectors

http://maps.calsurv.org/invasive

Aedes aegypti in Menlo Park

• Detections in 2013, 2014, & 2015

• Population appears to be small

• San Mateo County Mosquito & Vector Control District (http://www.smcmvcd.org/) for more info

Fresno

BrawleyMission Viejo

Menlo Park

Clovis

Donnelly and Barker, in prep

Control options for invasive mosquitoes•Eliminate breeding sources•Larvicides

• chemicals, insect growth regulators•Adulticides

•habitats are challenging•Other methods

•Mating-based strategies•Lethal ovitraps

What can we do to keep the risk for local Zika virus transmission low?

Personal protection: - avoidance- clothing - screening- repellents

Integrated vector management