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Page 1: Vce Vblock Series 700 Architecture Overview

Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms

Series 700

Architecture Overview

Version 1.3

May 2012

© 2012 VCE Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

www.vce.com

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Revision history Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Revision history

Date Version Author Description of changes

November 2011 1.0 Sandy Guardiani Release for 700MX

February 2012 1.1 Sandy Guardiani First Customer Ship for 700LX

March 2012 1.2 Sandy Guardiani General Availability release

May 2012 1.3 Sandy Guardiani For the 700MX, added the Cisco UCS 6248UP Fabric Interconnects and the Cisco UCS 2208XP Series Fabric Extenders

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6

Accessing VCE documentation ................................................................................................................. 7

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 overview ......................................................................... 8

700MX .............................................................................................................................................. 8

700LX ............................................................................................................................................. 10

Base configurations and scaling ........................................................................................................... 12

Connectivity overview ........................................................................................................................... 14

Block storage configuration .................................................................................................................. 15

700MX block configuration ............................................................................................................. 15

700LX block configuration .............................................................................................................. 16

SAN boot storage configuration ............................................................................................................ 17

Unified storage configuration ................................................................................................................ 18

Aggregating multiple Vblock platforms ................................................................................................. 19

Aggregation common services ....................................................................................................... 20

Compute layer hardware .......................................................................................................................... 21

Compute overview ................................................................................................................................ 21

Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) .............................................................................................. 22

Cisco UCS fabric interconnects ............................................................................................................ 23

Scaling up compute resources ............................................................................................................. 23

Blade packs .................................................................................................................................... 23

Chassis activation kits (CAK) ......................................................................................................... 24

Bare-metal support ............................................................................................................................... 24

Storage layer hardware ............................................................................................................................ 25

Storage overview .................................................................................................................................. 25

EMC Symmetrix VMAX Series storage arrays ..................................................................................... 27

EMC Data at Rest Encryption (700MX only).................................................................................. 27

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe Series storage arrays ................................................................................... 29

EMC RecoverPoint (700LX) ........................................................................................................... 30

EMC VNX VG2 Gateway and EMC VNX VG8 Gateway ...................................................................... 31

Scaling up storage resources ............................................................................................................... 32

RAID packs .................................................................................................................................... 32

Storage cabinet expansion ............................................................................................................ 33

Disk array enclosure (DAE) packs (700LX) ................................................................................... 34

Adding engines .............................................................................................................................. 34

Network layer hardware ............................................................................................................................ 35

Network overview ................................................................................................................................. 35

700MX network components ................................................................................................................ 35

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric switch ...................................................................................... 35

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Table of Contents Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director .............................................................................................. 36

Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director .............................................................................................. 36

Optional network layer components ............................................................................................... 37

700LX network components ................................................................................................................. 38

IP networking components ............................................................................................................. 38

Storage switching components ...................................................................................................... 39

Virtualization components ....................................................................................................................... 40

Virtualization overview .......................................................................................................................... 40

VMware vSphere Hypervisor ESXi ....................................................................................................... 40

Cluster configuration ...................................................................................................................... 40

Datastores ...................................................................................................................................... 40

Virtual networks .............................................................................................................................. 40

VMware vCenter Server ....................................................................................................................... 41

Databases ...................................................................................................................................... 41

Authentication ................................................................................................................................ 41

VCE supported features ................................................................................................................. 42

Management components ........................................................................................................................ 43

Management hardware components .................................................................................................... 43

Management software tools ................................................................................................................. 44

AMP software tools ........................................................................................................................ 44

Storage features support ...................................................................................................................... 44

vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI).................................................................................... 44

File deduplication ........................................................................................................................... 45

Vblock Series 700 cabinets ...................................................................................................................... 46

Cabinets overview ................................................................................................................................ 46

700MX cabinet types ............................................................................................................................ 46

CB compute base cabinet .............................................................................................................. 47

CE compute expansion (CE) cabinet ............................................................................................. 47

Storage cabinets ............................................................................................................................ 47

Network cabinets ............................................................................................................................ 47

Maximum number of cabinets ........................................................................................................ 48

700LX cabinet types ............................................................................................................................. 49

Compute and network (CNB A and CNB B) base configuration cabinets ..................................... 49

Compute and network (CNB A and CNB B) maximum configuration cabinets ............................. 52

Compute and network expansion (CNE) cabinet ........................................................................... 54

Storage cabinets ............................................................................................................................ 55

Maximum number of cabinets ........................................................................................................ 55

Vblock Series 700 models ........................................................................................................................ 56

Vblock Series 700 model overview ....................................................................................................... 56

Power options for 700MX ..................................................................................................................... 57

North America power options for Vblock platform cabinets ........................................................... 57

Power options outside of North America for Vblock platform cabinets .......................................... 57

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Table of Contents

North America power options for EMC Symmetrix VMAX ............................................................. 57

Power options outside of North America for EMC Symmetrix VMAX ............................................ 57

Power options for 700LX ...................................................................................................................... 58

North America power options for Vblock platform cabinets ........................................................... 58

Power options outside of North America for Vblock platform cabinets .......................................... 58

North America power options for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe ........................................................... 58

Power options outside of North America for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe .......................................... 58

Vblock Series 700 model MX ............................................................................................................... 59

700MX compute and storage configuration ................................................................................... 59

700MX compute and network configuration .................................................................................. 60

Vblock Series 700 model LX ................................................................................................................ 61

700LX base configuration .............................................................................................................. 61

700LX maximum configuration ...................................................................................................... 62

Additional references ............................................................................................................................... 63

References overview ............................................................................................................................ 63

Virtualization components .................................................................................................................... 63

Compute components .......................................................................................................................... 63

Network components ............................................................................................................................ 64

Storage components ............................................................................................................................ 65

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Introduction Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Introduction

Growing business challenges demand an IT infrastructure that is swift, agile, and economical—enabling

enterprises to adapt to change quickly and cost-effectively. The Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 is

the market-leading converged infrastructure platform that combines compute, network, storage, virtualization,

and management technologies from VMware, Cisco, and EMC into trusted, proven units of infrastructure.

The Vblock Series 700 is tailored to the needs of the largest enterprises running thousands of virtual machines

and is designed to meet the most demanding requirements for business-critical enterprise resource planning

(ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), database, messaging, and collaboration services—

providing a high-performance, always-on infrastructure that accelerates time to service and reduces operations

costs.

The Vblock Series 700 platform is available in two models: Vblock 700MX and Vblock 700LX. Vblock 700MX

is the most powerful and robust, massively scalable, converged infrastructure platform capable of meeting

virtually any data center performance, capacity, or storage requirements. The Vblock 700LX is an easy to

deploy and manage, highly efficient platform that includes time-saving storage automation, local/remote

replication for business continuity applications, and enterprise-level capacity.

This document describes the high-level design of the Vblock Series 700. It describes the hardware and

software components that VCE includes in each Vblock Series 700 model.

The target audience for this document includes sales engineers, field consultants, advanced services

specialists, and customers who want to deploy a virtualized infrastructure by using a Vblock 700 model.

The VCE Glossary provides terms, definitions, and acronyms that are related to Vblock platforms. Refer to

Accessing VCE documentation.

To suggest documentation changes and provide feedback on this book, send an e-mail to

[email protected]. Include the name of the topic to which your feedback applies.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Accessing VCE documentation

Accessing VCE documentation

Select the documentation resource that applies to your role.

Role Resource

Customer VCE Customer Support Portal > Documents

support.vce.com

A valid username and password are required.

VCE Partner VCE Partner Resource Center > Resource Library > Category > Technical

www.vcepartnerportal.com/resourcelib-vce.asp?loc=331

A valid username and password are required.

Cisco, EMC, VCE, or VMware employee

VCE Portal > Vblock Infrastructure Platforms

www.vceportal.com/solutions/68580567.html

VCE employee VCEview > Products and Solutions > Vblock Platforms

www.vceview.com/solutions/products/

VCE Technical Documentation website

vblockproductdocs.ent.vce.com

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 overview

The Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 is designed for deployments involving large numbers of

virtual machines and users. The Vblock Series 700 is available in two models:

Vblock Series 700 model MX (700MX)

Vblock Series 700 model LX (700LX)

700MX

The 700MX utilizes a SAN storage medium or a NAS (File) storage medium. UCS local book disks are

optional. The 700MX contains the following key hardware and software components:

Resource Components

Compute Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis

Cisco UCS B-Series blades

Cisco M81KR Virtual Interface Card converged network adapter

Cisco UCS 2104XP Series Fabric Extenders or Cisco UCS 2208XP Series Fabric Extenders

Cisco UCS 6248UP Series Fabric Interconnects or Cisco UCS 6140XP Fabric Interconnects

Network The default configuration does not include a Cisco Nexus switch.

(Optional) Cisco Nexus 5548UP Series Ethernet switches required for two compute cabinets unless a Cisco Nexus 7010 switch is selected

(Optional) Cisco Nexus 7010 switch (requires two or more compute cabinets)

Cisco Nexus 1000V VSM and VEM virtual switch

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switch

(Optional) Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director

(Optional) Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director

Storage EMC Symmetrix VMAX

(Optional) EMC VNX VG2 Gateway or EMC VNX VG8 Gateway

(Optional) EMC Symmetrix Data at Rest Encryption (DARE)

Virtualization VMware ESX and VMware ESXi, VMware vCenter Server

Management EMC PowerPath/VE

Cisco UCS Manager

Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS)

EMC Ionix Unified Infrastructure Manager (UIM)

EMC Secure Remote Support (ESRS) on Windows

EMC Symmetrix Management Console (SMC) on Windows

EMC Symmetrix Performance Analyzer (SPA) on Windows

VMware vSphere Server Enterprise Plus

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

The following illustration provides a high-level overview of the components in the 700MX architecture:

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Release Certification Matrix provides a list of the certified versions of

components for Vblock 700. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

700LX

The 700LX delivers a multi-controller, scale-out storage architecture with consolidation and efficiency for the

enterprise. It allows scaling of storage resources through common and fully redundant building blocks called

VMAXe series engines. The 700LX is designed for deployments of large numbers of virtual machines and

users. It meets the higher performance and availability requirements of an enterprise's business-critical

applications.

The 700LX contains the following key hardware and software components:

Resource Components

Compute Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis

Cisco UCS B-Series Blades

Cisco M81KR Virtual Interface Card converged network adapter

Cisco UCS 2104XP Series Fabric Extenders or Cisco UCS 2208XP Series Fabric Extenders

Cisco UCS 6248UP Series Fabric Interconnects

Network Cisco Nexus 5548UP Series Ethernet switches

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switch

Cisco Nexus 1000V Series virtual switch

Storage EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

(Optional) EMC VNX VG2 Gateway or EMC VNX VG8 Gateway

(Optional) EMC RecoverPoint

Virtualization VMware ESXi, VMware vCenter Server

Management EMC PowerPath/VE

Cisco UCS Manager

Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS)

EMC Ionix Unified Infrastructure Manager (UIM)

EMC Secure Remote Support (ESRS) on Windows

EMC Symmetrix Management Console (SMC) on Windows

EMC Symmetrix Performance Analyzer (SPA) on Windows

VMware vSphere Server Enterprise Plus

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

The following illustration provides a high-level overview of the components in the 700LX architecture:

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Release Certification Matrix provides a list of the certified versions of

components for Vblock 700. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Base configurations and scaling

For each Vblock platform model, there is a base configuration, which is a minimum set of compute and storage

components as well as fixed network resources. These components are integrated within one or more

28-inch 42U cabinets. Within the base configuration, the following hardware aspects can be customized:

Hardware How it can be customized

Compute blades B-series blade type including all supported VCE blade configurations

Compute chassis 700MX Four to eight Cisco UCS Blade Server Chassis per Cisco UCS domain (pair of fabric interconnects)

Up to five Cisco UCS domains supported (five pair of fabric interconnects) yielding support for up to 40 Cisco UCS Blade Server chassis

700LX

Six to eight Cisco UCS Blade Server Chassis

Storage hardware Drive types for up to three tiers of storage, the number of drives in each tier, the RAID protection for all tiers, and the number of disk array enclosures (DAEs)

Storage 700MX EMC VMAX storage. Contains two to eight engines and 88 - 1920 drives in up to nine cabinets including one system cabinet and one to nine storage cabinets including the system storage bay. Refer to EMC Symmetrix VMAX Series storage arrays.

700LX EMC VMAXe storage. Contains one to four engines and 24 - 1080 drives in up to seven cabinets. Refer to EMC Symmetrix VMAXe Series storage arrays.

Supported disk drives 700MX 200/400 GB EFD, 300/450/600 GB 15K FC, 1/2 TB 7.2K SATA

700LX 100/200 GB EFD, 300/600 GB 10K SAS, 300/450 GB 15K FC, 2 TB 7.2K SATA

Supported RAID types

Tier 1: RAID 1, RAID 5

Tier 2: RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6

Tier 3: RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6

RAID 10 striping is accomplished through striped meta volumes and striped virtual pools.

Refer to Scaling up storage resources.

Management hardware options

An Advanced Management Pod (AMP) centralizes management of Vblock platform components. Optionally, a high-availability version of the AMP can be substituted. Refer to Management hardware components.

EMC RecoverPoint appliances (RPAs)

700LX Two to eight clustered appliances that facilitate storage replication and rapid disaster recovery. Refer to EMC RecoverPoint.

Data Mover Enclosure (DME) packs

Base configuration has two control stations configured with one DME and one pair of X-Blades. Upgrades are available on the EMC VNX VG8 Gateway with two X-Blades in a DME. Refer to EMC VNX VG2 Gateway and EMC VNX VG8 Gateway .

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

Together, the components offer balanced CPU, I/O bandwidth, and storage capacity relative to the compute

and storage arrays in the system. All components have N+N or N+1 redundancy.

These resources can be scaled up as necessary to meet increasingly stringent requirements. The maximum

supported configuration differs from model to model. To scale up compute resources, add blade packs and

chassis activation kits. Refer to Scaling up compute resources. To scale up storage resources, add engines,

cache, RAID packs, and DME packs. Optionally, add expansion cabinets with additional resources. Refer to

Scaling up storage resources.

Vblock platforms are designed to keep hardware changes to a minimum should the customer decide to

change the storage protocol after installation (for example, from block storage to unified storage).

For the 700LX, cabinet space is reserved for all components that are needed for each storage configuration

(MDS switches, X-Blades, etc.). All network and power cabling for these components are in place.

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Connectivity overview

Components and interconnectivity within Vblock platforms are conceptually subdivided into three layers:

Layer Description

Compute Contains the components that provide the computing power within the Vblock platform. The Cisco UCS blade servers, chassis, and fabric interconnects belong in this layer. Refer to Compute overview.

Storage Contains the storage components for both block and file storage types. In the 700MX, the EMC VMAX array components belong in this layer. In the 700LX, the EMC VMAXe array components belong in this layer. Both Vblock 700 models offer the VG NAS gateway components for file storage. Refer to Storage overview.

Network Contains the components that provide switching and routing between the compute and storage layers within a Vblock platform, and between the Vblock platform and the customer network. The Cisco Nexus switches and the Cisco MDS switches belong in this layer. Refer to Network overview.

All components incorporate redundancy into the design.

The following topics present connectivity configurations for the Vblock Series 700:

Block storage configuration

SAN boot storage configuration

Unified storage configuration

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Model LX Port Assignments Reference provides information

about the assigned use for each port in the Vblock platform. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

Block storage configuration

This topic shows a block-only storage configuration for a 700MX and a 700LX.

700MX block configuration

The following illustration shows a block (and file) storage configuration for a 700MX. The compute layer within

a 700MX connects to both the Ethernet and Fibre Channel (FC) components of the network layer. The UCS

connects to the Nexus switches in the Ethernet network through 10 GbE port channels and to the MDS

switches through 8 Gb Fibre Channel (FC) links. The storage layer consists of an EMC VMAX storage array.

The front-end expansion cards connect to the Cisco MDS switches within the network layer over 8 Gb Fibre

Channel (FC).

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

700LX block configuration

The following illustration shows a block-only storage configuration for a 700LX. The X-Blades and control

stations are absent from the cabinets. However, space can be reserved in the cabinets for these components

(including EMC RecoverPoint), and all power and network cabling is present. This design makes it easier to

add the components later if the customer upgrades to unified storage.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

SAN boot storage configuration

The ESXi hosts always boot over the FC SAN. The remainder of the storage can be presented either as NFS

or as VMFS datastores. Storage can also be presented directly to the virtual machines as CIFS shares. The

following illustration shows the components (highlighted in a red, dashed line) that are leveraged to support

SAN booting in Vblock Series 700 platforms:

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Unified storage configuration

In a unified storage configuration for Vblock Series 700, the compute layer accesses the storage layer through

both file and block methods in the network layer using NFS/CIFS and Fibre Channel (FC) respectively. The

engines within the array connect to NAS gateway X-Blades through the fibre channel SAN. The X-Blades also

connect to the Cisco Nexus switches within the network layer over 10 GbE to provide NFS access to the

compute layer in addition to the block access described in Block storage configuration. The unified topology is

shown in the following illustration:

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Overview

Aggregating multiple Vblock platforms

Multiple Vblock platforms can be connected into a common network at a high level. The following illustration

shows a configuration in which two Vblock platforms are aggregated. The UCS domain and SAN on each

Vblock platform are separately maintained. The SANs within the Vblock platforms share common services,

such as migration and backup/data recovery, within an aggregated Cisco MDS 9500 Series Director.

However, no resources are shared between the Vblock platform SANs.

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Overview Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Aggregation common services

The VCE aggregation solution supports the connection of multiple Vblock platforms in a single physical

environment to shared disaster recovery, replication, and backup services. It also provides cross-Vblock

platform IP connectivity and facilitates data movement both into and out of the Vblock platform from the

customer environment. The aggregation solution also delivers a standardization of connections into the Vblock

platform which provides clarity for support personnel, and expansion flexibility.

The following aggregation topologies are available:

SAN only

Ethernet only

Mixed SAN and Ethernet

These topologies have various scaling points using different Cisco MDS and Cisco Nexus solutions to provide

the required connectivity among the Vblock platform, customer network, and external common services

appliances.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Compute layer hardware

Compute layer hardware

Compute overview

Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) B-series blades provide the computing power within a Vblock

platform. The blades are installed in Cisco UCS chassis.

For the 700MX and the 700LX, fabric extenders within the Cisco UCS chassis connect to Cisco fabric

interconnects over converged Ethernet. Up to four 10 GbE ports on each fabric extender connect northbound

to the fabric interconnects regardless of the number of blades in the chassis. These connections carry IP and

storage traffic. The universal ports on the Cisco UCS 6248UP Series Fabric Interconnects can handle

Ethernet, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel (FC) transports eliminating the need for

special-purpose expansion cards that are needed for the Cisco UCS 6140XP Fabric Interconnects.

The 700MX has an additional option of the Cisco UCS 6140XP Fabric Interconnects. Fabric extenders within

the Cisco UCS chassis connect to Cisco fabric interconnects over converged Ethernet. Four 10 GbE ports on

each fabric extender connect northbound to the fabric interconnects regardless of the number of blades in the

chassis. These connections carry IP and storage traffic.

For the 700MX and the 700LX, each fabric interconnect has multiple ports reserved by VCE for 10 GbE ports.

VCE has reserved these ports for southbound connections to the Cisco UCS 5108 chassis or for northbound

connections to the network connectivity layer. The northbound ports connect to upstream access/aggregation

switches. These connections carry IP traffic to and from the customer network. In a unified storage

configuration, these ports also carry IP traffic to the X-Blades within the storage layer.

Each fabric interconnect also has multiple ports reserved by VCE for 8 Gb Fibre Channel. These ports connect

to Cisco MDS storage switches. These connections carry FC traffic between the compute layer and the

storage layer. In a unified storage configuration, these connections also enable storage area network (SAN)

booting of the UCS blades.

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Compute layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS)

The Cisco UCS data center platform unites compute, network, and storage access. Optimized for

virtualization, the Cisco UCS integrates a low-latency, lossless 10 GB Ethernet unified network fabric with

enterprise-class, x86-based servers (the Cisco B series).

Vblock platforms contain a number of Cisco UCS 5100 Series Blade Server Chassis. Each chassis can

contain up to eight half-width Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers or four full-width blades. In Vblock platforms,

each chassis also includes Cisco UCS fabric extenders and Cisco UCS B-Series Converged Network

Adapters.

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Model LX Port Assignments Reference provides information

about the assigned use for each port in the Vblock platform. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

Vblock platforms powered by Cisco UCS feature:

Built-in redundancy for high availability

Hot-swappable components for serviceability, upgrade, or expansion

Fewer physical components than in a comparable platform built piece-by-piece

Reduced cabling

Improved energy efficiency over traditional blade server chassis

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Blade Pack Reference provides a list of supported Cisco UCS blades in

Vblock Series 700 models. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Compute layer hardware

Cisco UCS fabric interconnects

The Cisco UCS fabric interconnects provide network connectivity and management capabilities to the Cisco

UCS blades and chassis. The Cisco UCS fabric interconnects offer line-rate, low-latency, lossless 10 Gigabit

Ethernet and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) functions.

The interconnects provide the management and communication backbone for the blades and chassis. The

interconnects provide both the LAN and SAN connectivity for all blades within their domain.

The Vblock Series 700 models use Cisco UCS 6248UP Series Fabric Interconnects. Optionally, the 700MX

uses the Cisco UCS 6140XP Fabric Interconnects.

Scaling up compute resources

To scale up compute resources, you can add blade packs and chassis activation kits. You can add packs and

kits either when Vblock platforms are built or after they are deployed.

Blade packs

Cisco UCS blades are sold in packs of two. Each blade pack includes:

Two identical Cisco UCS blades

Two fabric interconnect port licenses

The base configuration of each Vblock platform model includes two blade packs. The maximum number of

blade packs depends on the model.

Each blade type must have a minimum of two blade packs as a base configuration and can then be increased

in single blade pack increments thereafter.

Each blade pack is added along with license packs for the following software:

Cisco UCS Manager (UCSM)

VMware ESXi

Cisco Nexus 1000V virtual switch

EMC Ionix Unified Infrastructure Manager (UIM)

EMC PowerPath

Note: License packs for VMware ESXi, Cisco Nexus 1000v virtual switch, and EMC PowerPath are not

available for bare-metal blades.

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Blade Pack Reference provides a list of supported Cisco UCS blades in

Vblock Series 700 models. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Compute layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Chassis activation kits (CAK)

The power supplies and fabric extenders for all chassis are pre-populated and cabled, and all required Twinax

cables and transceivers are populated. However, in a base Vblock platform configuration only two of the Cisco

UCS 5100 series blade server chassis are licensed for fabric interconnect ports. This limited licensing reduces

the entry cost for Vblock platforms.

As more blades are added and additional chassis are required, chassis activation kits are automatically added

by the VCE configuration tool. The kit contains software licenses to enable additional fabric interconnect ports.

The VCE configuration tool enables only enough port licenses for the minimum number of chassis to contain

the blades ordered. At the customer's discretion, chassis activation kits can be added up-front to allow for

flexibility in the field or to spread the blades initially across a larger number of chassis.

Bare-metal support

If applications cannot be virtualized due to technical or commercial reasons, Vblock platform blades can be

deployed bare-metal; that is, with non-virtualized operating system and application configurations. Bare-metal

workloads always require separate physical spindles, disk groups, and pools to ensure that bare-metal

workloads do not adversely impact Vblock platform workloads.

VCE can provide reasonable-effort support for bare-metal blades only if the bare-metal deployment complies

with the following requirements:

The base Vblock platform contains only VCE published, tested, and validated hardware and software

components. The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Release Certification Matrix provides a list of the

certified versions of components for Vblock Series 700. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

The applications and operating systems for tested Vblock platforms software for both compute and

storage components are included in published support matrices from EMC and Cisco.

For bare-metal deployments that include other hypervisor technologies (Hyper-V, KVM, etc.), those hypervisor

technologies are not supported by VCE.

VCE reasonable effort support means that VCE determines that the base Vblock platform is operating

correctly, and assists in problem resolution to a reasonable extent. VCE is unable to reproduce problems or

provide support on the operating systems installed for bare-metal deployments. VCE cannot provide updates

to those operating systems or test them. Customers must work directly with their support vendors for issues

and patches for those operating systems.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Storage layer hardware

Storage layer hardware

Storage overview

The EMC Symmetrix VMAX series and the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe series are high-end storage systems built

for the virtual data center. Built for reliability, availability, and scalability, EMC Symmetrix VMAX and EMC

Symmetrix VMAXe use specialized engines, each of which includes two redundant director modules providing

parallel access and replicated copies of all critical data.

The EMC Symmetrix VMAX and the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe offer the following software components:

Component Description

EMC Symmetrix Fully Automated Storage Tiering (FAST)

Puts the right data in the right place at the right time to improve performance and reduce costs of tiered environments. FAST uses simplified policies to manage storage resources based on built-in automation and intelligence. FAST can optimize placement of data at either the volume/LUN or sub-LUN level.

Supported on the 700MX.

EMC Symmetrix Fully Automated Storage Tiering for Virtual Pools (FAST VP)

Enables your business to optimize system performance while reducing cost. This optimizes array performance across drive types (Flash, SATA, and fibre channel) and across all engines in the array. Tiering is automatically optimized by dynamically allocating and relocating application workloads based on defined policies. FAST VP non-disruptively moves workloads across storage types, optimizing the overall system performance.

Supported on the 700MX and the 700LX.

EMC Symmetrix Virtual Provisioning

Virtual Provisioning, based on thin provisioning, is the ability to present an application with more capacity than is physically allocated in the storage array. The physical storage is then allocated to the application on demand as it is needed from the shared pool of capacity. This lowers cost of ownership by reducing initial over-allocation of storage capacity and reducing labor costs by simplifying data layout and eliminating the steps required to accommodate capacity growth.

700MX allows for either traditional thick provisioning, virtual provisioning, or a combination of both provisioning methodologies.

700LX storage is designed for a 100% virtual provisioned environment.

EMC Enginuity Storage operating environment for the EMC Symmetrix VMAX and the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe. Delivers performance, array tiering, availability, and data integrity.

EMC Symmetrix Management Console (SMC) and EMC Symmetrix Performance Analyzer (SPA)

These applications simplify management and provide advanced monitoring capabilities for Symmetrix environments.

EMC SMC is a browser-based graphical interface for device creation and management on Symmetrix arrays.

EMC SPA is an automated monitoring and trending tool launched through EMC SMC to assist in long-term planning, diagnostic drill-down to identify performance issues, root cause, and real-time monitoring.

EMC RecoverPoint EX IO Splitter

Provides an array-based IO splitter for use with EMC RecoverPoint EX replication software to eliminate the need for an expensive SAN-based IO splitter.

Supported on the 700LX.

For an overview of the EMC Symmetrix VMAX series used in the 700MX, refer to EMC Symmetrix VMAX

Series storage arrays.

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Storage layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

For an overview of the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe series used in the 700LX, refer to EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

Series storage arrays.

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Model LX Port Assignments Reference provides information

about the assigned use for each port in the 700LX. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Storage layer hardware

EMC Symmetrix VMAX Series storage arrays

The following illustration shows the interconnection of the EMC Symmetrix VMAX in the 700MX:

This illustration shows one UCS domain. With the 700MX, you can have a maximum of five UCS domains and

four EMC VMAX engine pairs in a maximum configuration.

A 700MX enabled by SAN storage can support NAS with the provision that primary boot services are provided

across the SAN. Mission-critical applications are hosted that require fibre channel access to maintain

performance. It is recommended that one or more NAS gateways are deployed for VMware vSphere, the

exact number required being determined during the planning phase.

EMC PowerPath/VE (PP/VE) provides several benefits for block-based IOs in terms of performance,

availability, and operations. The base PP/VE license is mandatory for the 700MX.

EMC Data at Rest Encryption (700MX only)

EMC Data at Rest Encryption (DARE) protects data on hard drives that are members of EMC Symmetrix

VMAX arrays, by adding back-end encryption to the entire array. While the mechanics of DARE deal with

keeping encryption in running systems, the objective is to minimize data-exposure risks for drives outside of

operational arrays, such as failed or retired drives, or drives in EMC Symmetrix VMAX arrays being moved

between facilities.

The following list summarizes the main features of EMC DARE that are supported on a Vblock 700MX:

Hardware-based XTS-AES 256 bit encryption at the disk level.

Leverages EMC RSA key management to provide secure encryption keys for each drive.

EMC RSA Data Protection Manager is the default setting. It requires no user interaction.

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Storage layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Functionality is provided by encryption-capable EMC Symmetrix engines.

System-wide setting. It is not possible to have a mix of encryption engines and non-encryption

engines.

All disks, regardless of type, are encrypted.

Supported on 4 Gb/s FC I/O Module with Encryption (backend module).

Configurable when the storage array is installed. Cannot be enabled at a later time.

Once enabled, it cannot be disabled.

Provides Embedded Key Management and External Key Management. However, Vblock platforms

currently support only Embedded Key Management. Embedded Key Management resides on the

EMC Symmetrix Service Processor. The key is obtained for the DPM when the EMC Symmetrix array

is initially installed or when a drive, director, or SP is added or replaced.

The Data at Rest Encryption on Vblock Infrastructure Platforms with Symmetrix VMAX Overview provides

detailed information about EMC DARE on a 700MX. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Storage layer hardware

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe Series storage arrays

The following illustration shows the interconnection of the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe in the 700LX:

A Vblock 700LX enabled by SAN storage can support NAS with the provision that primary boot services are

provided across the SAN. Mission-critical applications are hosted that require fibre channel access to maintain

performance. It is recommended that one or more NAS gateways are deployed for VMware vSphere, the

exact number required being determined during the planning phase.

EMC PowerPath/VE (PP/VE) provides several benefits in terms of performance, availability, and operations.

The base PP/VE license is mandatory for the 700LX.

The 700LX base configuration for storage is a single engine with 96 GB or 128 GB of cache and 16 8 Gb fibre

channel front-end ports (per engine). There are three available tiers of storage (EFD, FC, and SATA). In a

base configuration, one storage cabinet and Tier 2 storage drives are populated with a minimum of 24 drives

or 36 drives depending upon the RAID configuration. The base configuration can be expanded to four engines

with up to 512 GB of cache and 64 fibre channel front-end ports. The storage drives can be increased to a

maximum of 1080 drives which can be configured within the three storage tiers.

The maximum configuration requires seven storage cabinets. Some of the front-end fibre channel ports are

reserved for replication, external SAN access, and X-Blades. The EMC Symmetrix VMAXe chassis has two

power supplies for full redundancy. Refer to Vblock Series 700 model LX for more information.

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Storage layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

EMC RecoverPoint (700LX)

For block storage configurations, 700LX can be upgraded to include EMC RecoverPoint. This replication

technology provides continuous data protection and continuous remote replication for on-demand protection

and recovery to any point in time. EMC RecoverPoint advanced capabilities include policy-based

management, application integration, and bandwidth reduction. RecoverPoint is included in the EMC Local

Protection Suite and EMC Remote Protection Suite.

To implement EMC RecoverPoint within a 700LX, add two or more EMC RecoverPoint Appliances (RPA) in a

cluster to the 700LX. This cluster can accommodate approximately 80 MB/s sustained throughput through

each RPA.

To ensure proper sizing and performance of an EMC RecoverPoint solution, VCE works with an EMC

Technical Consultant and the customer. They collect information about the data to be replicated, as well as

data change rates, data growth rates, network speeds, and other information that is needed to ensure that all

business requirements are met.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Storage layer hardware

EMC VNX VG2 Gateway and EMC VNX VG8 Gateway

The 700MX and the 700LX configurations can be upgraded to include file-based storage by adding the

optional EMC VNX VG2 Gateway or the EMC VNX VG8 Gateway. The EMC gateways provide NAS storage

in a centrally managed information storage system. The gateways allow you to grow, share, and cost-

effectively manage the Vblock platform with multiprotocol file access.

The EMC VNX VG2 Gateway is an entry-level SAN and NAS storage platform.

The EMC VNX VG8 Gateway is a massively scalable, enterprise, SAN, and NAS platform.

The following table compares the EMC VNX Gateways available in Vblock Series 700:

EMC VNX VG2 Gateway EMC VNX VG8 Gateway

Two X-Blades Two to eight X-Blades

Four core 2.40 GHz Intel Xeon 5600 processors with 6 GB memory

Six core 2.83 GHz Intel Xeon 5600 processors with 24 GB memory

200 TB usable capacity per X-Blade (200 TB per system)

256 TB usable capacity per X-Blade (1792 TB per system)

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Storage layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Scaling up storage resources

To scale up storage resources, you can add RAID packs, engines, cache, and DAE packs. Optionally,

expansion cabinets can be added with additional resources.

RAID packs

Storage capacity can be increased by adding RAID packs. Each pack contains a number of drives of a given

type, speed, and capacity. The number of drives in a pack depends upon the RAID level that it supports.

The number and types of RAID packs to include in a Vblock platform is based upon the following:

The number of storage pools that are needed.

The storage tiers that each pool contains, and the speed and capacity of the drives in each tier. The

following table lists tiers, supported drive types, and supported speeds and capacities.

Note: The speed and capacity of all drives within a given tier in a given pool must be the same.

Tier Drive type 700MX supported speeds and

capacities

700LX supported speeds and

capacities

1 Solid-state Enterprise Flash drives (EFD)

200 GB

400 GB

100 GB

200 GB

2 Fibre Channel (FC) 300 GB 15K RPM

450 GB 15K RPM

600 GB 15K RPM

300 GB 10K RPM

600 GB 10K RPM

300 GB 15K RPM

450 GB 15K RPM

3 SATA 1 TB 7.2K RPM

2 TB 7.2K RPM

2 TB 7.2K RPM

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Storage layer hardware

The RAID protection for the tiers in each pool. The following table describes each supported RAID

protection level.

Note: The RAID protection level for each of the three separate tier-related pools can be different.

More than three pools can exist but only three pools and tiers can exist in a single auto-tiering

FAST policy.

RAID protection

level

Description

RAID 1 A set of mirrored drives.

Offers the best overall performance of the three supported RAID protection levels.

Offers robust protection. Can sustain double drive failures that are not in the same mirror set.

Offers the best write performance since only two IOs are required to perform a single write.

Lowest economy of the three supported RAID levels since usable capacity is only 50% of raw capacity.

Supported on EFD, FC, and SATA drives.

RAID 5 Block-level striping with a single parity block, where the parity data is distributed across all the drives in the set.

Offers the best mix of performance, protection, and economy.

Has a higher write performance penalty than RAID 1 because multiple IOs are required to perform a single write.

With single parity, can sustain a single drive failure with no data loss. Vulnerable to data loss or unrecoverable read errors on a track during a drive rebuild.

Highest economy of the three supported RAID levels. Usable capacity is 80% of raw capacity.

EMC best practice for EFD and FC drives. Supported on SATA drives but not recommended..

RAID 6 Block-level striping with two parity blocks, distributed across all of the drives in the set.

Offers increased protection and read performance comparable to RAID 5.

Has a significant write performance penalty since multiple IOs are required to perform a single write.

Economy is very good. Usable capacity is 75% of raw capacity or better.

EMC best practice for SATA drives. Supported on FC drives but not on EFD drives.

There are RAID packs for each RAID protection level/tier type combination. The RAID levels dictate the

number of drives that are included in the packs. The following table lists RAID protection levels and the

number of drives in the packs for each level:

RAID protection level Number of drives per RAID pack

RAID 1 8 (4 + 4)

RAID 5

Should always be in quantities of 8 drives

4 (3 + 1) * 2

or

8 (7 + 1). Requires a minimum of 8 DAEs.

RAID 6 8 (6 drives + 2 parity)

or

16 (14 drives + 2 parity)

Storage cabinet expansion

Storage for the 700MX and the 700LX can be expanded by adding additional storage cabinets.

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Storage layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

EMC Symmetrix VMAX storage cabinets for 700MX

If the number of RAID packs in a 700MX is expanded, more EMC Symmetrix VMAX storage cabinets might be

required. Each storage cabinet can hold 240 drives, 120 from each engine in a pair. The DAEs are

preconfigured.

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe storage cabinets for 700LX

If the number of RAID packs in a 700LX is expanded, an additional storage expansion cabinet might be

required. Each storage engine cabinet can hold 150 drives. Due to back-end bus structures, storage growth

beyond 120 drives requires a storage expansion cabinet.

Disk array enclosure (DAE) packs (700LX)

If there are not enough drive slots to support additional storage, slots can be added based on the EMC

minimums for the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe. DAEs are added in multiples of four.

Adding engines

For the 700MX, there are two engines in the base configuration with growth up to eight engines. You can

increment engines two engines at a time.

For the 700LX, there is one engine in the base configuration with growth up to four engines. You can

increment engines one engine at a time.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Network layer hardware

Network layer hardware

Network overview

The Cisco Nexus 5000 series switches in the network layer provide 10 GbE IP connectivity between the

components within the Vblock platform and to the outside world. In a unified storage configuration, the

switches also connect the fabric interconnects in the compute layer to the X-Blades in the storage layer. The

switches also provide connectivity to the Advanced Management Pod (AMP) through redundant connections

to the Cisco Catalyst 3560X Ethernet switch or switches in the AMP. Refer to Management hardware

components for information about the AMP. Ports are reserved or identified for special Vblock platform

services such as backup connectivity.

The Cisco MDS 9000 series switches in the aggregation layer provide Fibre Channel links between the Cisco

fabric interconnects and the engines. In a unified storage configuration, this connection also supports SAN

booting of the blades in the compute layer. Ports are also reserved for special Vblock platform services such

as SAN backup connectivity and aggregation uplinks.

700MX network components

Each 700MX model includes either two Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric switches or two Cisco MDS 9506

Multilayer Director switches or two Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director switches. In the Vblock platform, these

switches provide Fibre Channel connectivity between the compute layer components and the storage layer

components. These switches also provide connectivity for backup and business continuity requirements when

configured.

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric switch

The Cisco MDS 9148 switch provides between 16 and 48 line-rate ports for non-blocking 8 Gbps throughput.

The ports are licensed on an as needed basis.

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Network layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director

The Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director switch provides between 48 and 96 line-rate ports for non-blocking

4 Gbps throughput; or between 16 and 32 ports at 8 Gbps. The 24-port line cards are added on an as needed

basis.

Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director

The Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director switch provides between 48 and 240 line-rate ports for non-blocking

4 Gbps throughput; or between 16 and 80 ports at 8 Gbps. The 24-port line cards are added on an as needed

basis.

The Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director switch and the Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director switch can also

provide FCIP and SAN Tap capabilities for advanced SAN services through the 18 / 4 line card that provides

18 4 Gbps ports and 4 GbE ports or the 16-port SSN card that provides 16 GbE ports.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Network layer hardware

Optional network layer components

700MX supports additional network layer components for extremely high-throughput IP networking scenarios.

These additional components must be installed in a separate network cabinet. VCE does not support Vblock

platform configurations where these components are installed within the storage/compute cabinets. Refer to

700MX cabinet types.

Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switches

Each Vblock 700MX model includes two Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switches as a base configuration. In

the Vblock platform, these switches provide Ethernet connectivity:

Between the Vblock platform internal components

To the customer site network

To the Advanced Management Pod (AMP) through redundant connections to the Cisco Catalyst 3000

Ethernet switches in the AMP

The Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switch supports low latency line-rate 10 GB Ethernet and Fibre Channel

over Ethernet (FCoE) connectivity on up to 32 ports or 48 ports including the expansion module. Fibre Channel

on a Cisco Nexus 5548UP is not supported by VCE.

Cisco Nexus 7010 IP switches

For extremely demanding IP networking scenarios for the 700MX, Cisco Nexus 7010 switches can replace the

Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switches.

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Network layer hardware Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

700LX network components

The 700LX contains components for IP and SAN connectivity. Each 700LX model includes two Cisco Nexus

5548UP IP switches and two Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric switches. These switches provide IP and

Fibre Channel connectivity respectively between the compute layer components and the storage layer

components.

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Model LX Port Assignments Reference provides information

about the assigned use for each port in the Vblock platform. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

IP networking components

Each 700LX includes two Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switches. In the Vblock platform, these switches

provide Ethernet connectivity:

Between the Vblock platform internal components

To the customer site network

To the Advanced Management Pod (AMP) through redundant connections to the Cisco Catalyst 3000

Ethernet switches in the AMP

For backup and business continuity requirements when configured

The Cisco Nexus 5548UP Ethernet switch supports low latency line-rate 10 GB Ethernet and Fibre Channel

over Ethernet (FCoE) connectivity on up to 32 ports or 48 ports including the expansion module. Fibre Channel

on a Cisco Nexus 5548UP is not supported by VCE.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Network layer hardware

Storage switching components

Each 700LX includes two Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switches. In the Vblock platform, these switches

provide:

Fibre Channel connectivity between the compute layer components and the storage layer

components

Connectivity for backup and business continuity requirements when configured

The Cisco MDS 9148 switch provides 48 line-rate ports for non-blocking 8 Gbps throughput. 16 ports are

licensed. Additional ports can be licensed on an as needed basis.

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Virtualization components Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Virtualization components

Virtualization overview

VMware vSphere is the virtualization platform that provides the foundation for the private cloud. The core

VMware vSphere components are the VMware vSphere Hypervisor ESXi and VMware vCenter Server for

management.

The hypervisors are deployed in a cluster configuration and can scale up to 32 nodes per cluster. The cluster

allows dynamic allocation of resources, such as CPU, memory, and storage. The cluster also provides

workload mobility and flexibility with the use of VMware vMotion and Storage vMotion technology.

VMware vSphere Hypervisor ESXi

The VMware vSphere Hypervisor ESXi runs in the AMP and in the Vblock platform. This lightweight hypervisor

requires very little space to run (less than 6 GB of storage required to install) and has minimal management

overhead. ESXi does not contain a console operating system. ESXi is booted from a dedicated SAN volume to

provide stateless computing within a Vblock platform. The stateless hypervisor is not currently supported.

Cluster configuration

ESXi hosts and their resources are pooled together into clusters. These clusters contain the CPU, memory,

network, and storage resources available for allocation to virtual machines. Clusters can scale up to a

maximum of 32 hosts. Clusters can support thousands of virtual machines.

The clusters can also support a variety of Cisco UCS blades running inside the same cluster.

Note: Some advanced CPU functionality might be unavailable if more than one blade model is running in a

given cluster.

Datastores

Vblock platforms support a mixture of datastore types: block level storage using VMFS or file level storage

using NFS.

The maximum size per VMFS5 volume is 64 TB (50 TB VMFS3 @ 1 MB). Each host/cluster can support a

maximum of 255 volumes.

VCE optimizes the advanced settings for ESXi hosts that are deployed in Vblock platforms to maximize the

throughput and scalability of NFS datastores. Vblock platforms currently support a maximum of 256 NFS

datastores per host.

Virtual networks

Virtual networking in the AMP uses the VMware standard vSwitch. Virtual networking in Vblock platforms is

managed by the Cisco Nexus 1000v distributed virtual switch.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Virtualization components

VMware vCenter Server

VMware vCenter Server is a central management point for the hypervisors and virtual machines. VMware

vCenter is installed on a 64-bit Windows Server and runs as a service.

The AMP and the Vblock platform each have a unified VMware vCenter Server instance as well as an

accompanying instance of VMware Update Manager to assist with upgrades and host patch management.

VMware Update Manager is installed on a separate Windows Server and also runs as a Windows service.

Each of these systems resides in the AMP.

VMware vCenter Server provides the following functionality:

Cloning of virtual machines

Creating templates

VMware vMotion and VMware Storage vMotion

Initial configuration of DRS and VMware vSphere high availability clusters

VMware vCenter Server also provides monitoring and alerting capabilities for hosts and virtual machines.

Vblock platform administrators can create and apply alarms to all managed objects in VMware vCenter Server.

These alarms include:

Datacenter, cluster, and host health, inventory, and performance

Datastore health and capacity

Virtual machine usage, performance, and health

Virtual network usage and health

Databases

The backend database that supports VMware vCenter Server and VMware Update Manager (VUM) is remote

Microsoft SQL Server 2008. Vblock platforms also support the use of Oracle databases for vCenter and VUM

databases. The SQL Server service requires a dedicated service account.

Authentication

Vblock platforms support the integration of client-side Active Directory for authentication. VMware vCenter

Server and Update Manager run as separate Windows services. Each service is configured to use a dedicated

service account.

A separate Active Directory domain can be provisioned by VCE if required. This domain is configured with the

service accounts, user accounts, and groups required to manage the virtual environment.

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Virtualization components Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

VCE supported features

VCE supports the following VMware vCenter Server features:

vSphere high availability

DRS

Fault Tolerance

VMware vMotion

VMware Storage vMotion

Raw Device Maps

Resource Pools

Storage DRS (capacity only)

VMware vSphere Storage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI) (except TP reclaim primitive)

Storage driven profiles (user-defined only)

Distributed power management (up to 50 percent of ESXi hosts/blades)

VMware Syslog Service

VMware Core Dump Collector

VMware vCenter Web Services

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Management components

Management components

Management hardware components

Vblock platforms include an Advanced Management Pod (AMP). The AMP provides a single management

point for Vblock platforms. It enables the following benefits:

Monitors and manages Vblock platform health, performance, and capacity

Provides fault isolation for management

Eliminates resource overhead on the Vblock platform

Provides a clear demarcation point for remote operations

The following table describes the AMPs:

AMP Description

Mini One Cisco UCS C200 server, with 48 GB RAM with 4 TB of storage

Two Cisco Catalyst 3560X Ethernet switches

High-availability (HA) Two Cisco UCS C200 Servers

One EMC VNXe3100

Two Cisco Catalyst 3560X Ethernet switches

In a Vblock platform configuration with a mini-AMP, space is reserved in the rack for the additional HA AMP

components to make it easy to upgrade to the HA AMP later.

Cisco UCS C200 server Cisco Catalyst 3560X Ethernet switch EMC VNXe3100

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Management components Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Management software tools

This topic describes the management software tools available on Vblock Series 700.

AMP software tools

Each AMP is delivered pre-configured with the following software tools:

VMware vCenter, VCDB built on Microsoft Windows SQL Server, and vCenter Update Manager

EMC Ionix UIM/P

Cisco Nexus 1000v virtual switch manager

EMC PowerPath/VE License Management Server

(Optional) EMC VG gateway management software that includes Unisphere Client and Unisphere

Service Manager

(Optional) EMC RecoverPoint management software that includes RecoverPoint Management

Application and RecoverPoint Deployment Manager

EMC Symmetrix Management containing EMC Symmetrix Management Console (SMC) on Windows

and EMC Symmetrix Performance Analyzer (SPA) on Windows

EMC Secure Remote Support (ESRS)

EMC Solutions Enabler with SMIS

Cisco Device Manager and Cisco Fabric Manager

System administration utilities such as PuTTY, TFTP Server, JAVA, etc.

Storage features support

This topic presents additional storage features available on Vblock Series 700.

vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI)

Vblock 700 models support VMware vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI). This technology improves

overall storage performance by offloading various host resource-intensive tasks to the SAN hardware.

VAAI is supported for block protocols only. Within a Vblock platform with VMAXe Enginuity 5875 for

Block 05.31 and VMware ESX(i) 5.0, VAAI is automatically enabled. The following features are supported:

Full copy offload

Block zeroing (Copy Same)

Hardware assisted lock management

Thin provisioning (TP) stun

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Management components

File deduplication

File deduplication is supported on the EMC VNX VG2 Gateway or the EMC VNX VG8 Gateway, but is not

enabled by default. Note that enabling this feature requires thorough knowledge of capacity and storage

requirements. Refer to EMC VNX VG2 Gateway and EMC VNX VG8 Gateway.

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Vblock Series 700 cabinets

Cabinets overview

Within each Vblock 700 model, the compute and network layer components are distributed within the cabinets.

Distributing the components in this manner balances out the power draw and reduces the size of the power

outlet units (POUs) that are required. Refer to Power options for 700MX or Power options for 700LX for more

information.

Each cabinet conforms to a standard predefined layout. Space is reserved for specific components even if they

are not present or required for the customer configuration. This design makes it easier to upgrade or expand

each Vblock platform as capacity needs increase.

For 700LX, VCE preinstalls all wiring based on the predefined layouts.

Vblock platform cabinets are designed to be installed next to one another within the data center (that is,

contiguously). If a customer requires the base and expansion cabinets to be physically separated, customized

cabling is needed which incurs additional cost and delivery delays.

Note: The cable length is NOT the same as distance between cabinets. The cable must route through the

cabinets and through the cable channels overhead or in the floor.

700MX cabinet types

The VCE standard cabinet configurations for Vblock 700MX include two standard layouts:

Compute and storage

Compute, storage, and network

The following table describes the cabinet types in each layout:

700MX layout Cabinet types

Compute and storage CB compute base cabinet

Optional CE compute cabinet

EMC Symmetrix VMAX system/storage cabinets

Compute and network CB compute base cabinet

Optional CE compute cabinet

Network cabinets

EMC Symmetrix VMAX system/storage cabinets

The compute, network, and storage cabinets can be physically separated but will require custom cabling to

enable a distributed configuration.

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets

CB compute base cabinet

The CB compute base cabinet contains the following components:

One fibre patch panel

Two Cisco UCS 6248UP Fabric Interconnects or two Cisco UCS 6140XP Fabric Interconnects

Four Cisco UCS 5108 blade chassis, each containing up to four full-width blades or eight half-width

blades.

CE compute expansion (CE) cabinet

The CE compute cabinet consists of four Cisco UCS 5108 chassis each containing up to four full-width blades

or eight half-width blades.

Storage cabinets

700MX can contain one EMC Symmetrix VMAX system cabinet and one storage cabinet and up to seven

optional EMC Symmetrix VMAX storage cabinets.

Network cabinets

If additional space is required for networking or storage switching components, one or more network cabinets

are added.

Network cabinets serve as aggregation points for:

IP networking components for cross-Vblock platform communication and customer access points

The core portion of core-edge block fabrics to support shared replication and fabric services

AMP IP management connectivity consolidation

Use network cabinets to house the following components:

A centralized AMP for large Vblock platform environments

Fibre patch panels

Two Cisco MDS SAN switches

Two Cisco Ethernet switches

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Maximum number of cabinets

The following table lists the maximum number of cabinets allowed in a 700MX configuration:

Cabinet type Maximum number allowed

CB 5

CE 5

Network 4

EMC Symmetrix VMAX 9

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets

700LX cabinet types

The 700LX is available in a base configuration up to a maximum configuration. The following table describes

the cabinet types in each configuration:

700LX configuration Cabinet types

Base Compute and network base (CNB A and CNB B)

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe storage base (SB 1)

Reserved floor space for one EMC Symmetrix VMAXe disk expansion cabinet (SE 1A).

Maximum Compute and network base (CNB A and CNB B)

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe storage base (SB 1)

Compute and network expansion (CNE)

Up to six EMC Symmetrix VMAXe engine/disk expansion (SE 1A, SB 2, SB 3, SB 4, SE 1B, SE 2B).

Compute and network (CNB A and CNB B) base configuration cabinets

The CNB A and CNB B cabinets each contain the following set of base compute and networking components:

Three Cisco UCS 5108 chassis, each containing up to 4 full-width blades or 8 half-width blades

One Cisco UCS 6248UP Fabric Interconnect

One Cisco Nexus 5548UP switch

One Cisco MDS 9148 switch

Advanced Management Pod (AMP) components

Two interconnect patch panels

One customer/aggregation patch panel

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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CNB A cabinet base configuration

The following illustration shows the components in a CNB A cabinet base configuration:

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets

CNB B cabinet base configuration

The following illustration shows the components in a CNB B cabinet base configuration:

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Compute and network (CNB A and CNB B) maximum configuration cabinets

In the 700LX maximum configuration, the CNB A and CNB B cabinets each contain the following components:

EMC VG2/VG8 Gateway control station

Two EMC DMEs

Two EMC RecoverPoint Appliances (RPAs)

CNB A cabinet maximum configuration

The following illustration shows the components in a CNB A cabinet maximum configuration:

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets

CNB B cabinet maximum configuration

The following illustration shows the components in a CNB B cabinet maximum configuration:

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Compute and network expansion (CNE) cabinet

If a 700LX maximum configuration expands beyond its CNB A and CNB B cabinets, a compute and network

expansion (CNE) cabinet can be added for two additional Cisco UCS 5108 chassis. Space is reserved for an

additional chassis. This design makes it easier to add this hardware later if necessary.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 cabinets

Storage cabinets

The 700LX base configuration includes one EMC Symmetrix VMAXe base (SB 1) cabinet and reserved floor

space for one EMC Symmetrix VMAXe disk expansion cabinet (SE 1A).

As shown in the following illustration, the 700LX maximum configuration contains one EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

base (SB 1) cabinet and up to six optional EMC Symmetrix VMAXe engine/disk expansion cabinets

(SE 1A, SB 2, SB 3, SB 4, SE 1B, and SE 2B).

Maximum number of cabinets

The following table lists the maximum number of cabinets allowed in a 700LX configuration:

Cabinet type Maximum number allowed per cabinet

CNB 2

CNE 1

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe 7

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Vblock Series 700 models Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 models

Vblock Series 700 model overview

The following table compares the architecture of the Vblock 700 models:

700MX 700LX

Storage access Block or unified Block or unified

Fabric interconnect model

Up to five pairs of Cisco UCS 6248UP (one pair with UIM support) or

Up to five pairs of Cisco UCS 6140XP (one pair with UIM support)

One pair of Cisco UCS 6248UP

Cisco B-series blade chassis

40 maximum (8 maximum with UIM support) 8 maximum

B-series blades (maximum)

Half-width = 320

Full-width = 160

Half-width = 64

Full-width = 32

IP switches (Optional) Cisco Nexus 5548UP Series IP switches

(Optional) Cisco Nexus 7010 Series IP switches

Cisco Nexus 5548UP Series IP switches

SAN switches Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switch

(Optional) Cisco MDS 9506 Multilayer Director

(Optional) Cisco MDS 9513 Multilayer Director

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switch

Array EMC Symmetrix VMAX EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

Back-end FC buses 32 - 128 16 - 64

Storage protocol Block = FC

Unified = FC, CIFS, and NFS

Block = FC

Unified = FC, CIFS, and NFS

Datastore type Block = VMFS

Unified = NFS and VMFS

Block = VMFS

Unified = NFS and VMFS

X-Blades (Unified only) Minimum = 2

Maximum = 8

Minimum = 2

Maximum = 8

Boot path SAN SAN

Disk drives Minimum = 80

Maximum = 1920

Minimum = 24

Maximum = 1080

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Vblock Series 700 models

Power options for 700MX

Vblock 700MX supports several power outlet unit (POU) options in North America and outside of North

America.

North America power options for Vblock platform cabinets

The following table lists the POUs that are available for 700MX in North America:

POU Power specifications Number per CB/CE cabinet Number per network cabinet

IEC 309 3P+PE 3-phase delta / 60A /208V 2 POUs per cabinet 0 POUs per cabinet

Hubbell CS8365 3-phase delta / 50A /208V 0 POUs per cabinet 2 POUs per cabinet

Power options outside of North America for Vblock platform cabinets

The following table lists the POUs that are available for 700MX outside of North America:

POU Power specifications Number per CB/CE cabinet Number per network cabinet

IEC 309 3P+N+PE 3-phase wye / 32A / 230 / 400V 2 POUs per cabinet 0 POUs per cabinet

IEC 309 2P+E 1-phase / 32A / 230 / 400V 0 POUs per cabinet 2 POUs per cabinet

North America power options for EMC Symmetrix VMAX

The following table lists the POUs that are available for EMC Symmetrix VMAX in North America:

POU Power specifications Number per cabinet

Hubbell CS8365C 3-phase delta / 50A /208V 2 POUs per cabinet

NEMA L6-30P Single phase / 30A / 208V 4 POUs per cabinet

Power options outside of North America for EMC Symmetrix VMAX

The following table lists the POUs that are available for EMC Symmetrix VMAX outside of North America:

POU Power specifications Number per CB/CE cabinet

Flying leads (add own plug) 3-phase wye / 32A / 230/400V 2 POUs per cabinet

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Physical Planning Guide provides more information about

power requirements. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock Series 700 models Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Power options for 700LX

Vblock 700LX supports several power outlet unit (POU) options in North America and outside of North

America.

North America power options for Vblock platform cabinets

The following table lists the POUs that are available for 700LX in North America:

POU Power specifications Number per CNB A and CNB B cabinet Number per CNE cabinet

NEMA L15-30P 3-phase delta / 30A /208V 4 4

IEC 60309 3-phase delta / 60A /208V 2 2

IEC 60309 Single phase / 60A / 208V 4 4

NEMA L6-30P Single phase / 30A / 208V 6 4

Power options outside of North America for Vblock platform cabinets

The following table lists the POUs that are available for 700LX outside of North America:

POU Power specifications Number per CNB A and CNB B

cabinet

Number per CNE

cabinet

IEC 60309 2P+E Single phase / 32A / 230V 6 4

IEC 60309 3-phase wye / 32A / 230 / 400V 2 2

IEC 60309 3-phase wye / 16A / 230 / 400V 4 4

North America power options for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

The following table lists the POUs that are available for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe in North America:

POU Power specifications Number per cabinet

NEMA L6-30P Single phase / 30A / 208V 2 POUs per cabinet

Power options outside of North America for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

The following table lists the POUs that are available for EMC Symmetrix VMAXe outside of North America:

POU Power specifications Number per cabinet

IEC 60309 2P+E Single phase / 32A / 230V 2 POUs per cabinet

The Vblock Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Physical Planning Guide provides more information about

power requirements. Refer to Accessing VCE documentation.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Vblock Series 700 models

Vblock Series 700 model MX

Vblock 700MX is deployed for massive scaling with ERP, CRM, and virtual desktops in configurations that are

extensible to meet the most demanding IT requirements of any enterprises or service providers and utilizes a

SAN storage medium or a NAS (File) storage medium. UCS local boot disks are optional.

Note: When installing 700MX cabinets, it is important to leave sufficient space between the CB cabinet or

network cabinets and the EMC Symmetrix VMAX storage bay to allow for as many storage expansion

bays as the customer plans to grow to. If this space is not pre-allocated, it will require an outage or

exception request to move the cabinets during an upgrade.

The illustrations show the Cisco UCS 6248UP Series Fabric Interconnect. Cisco UCS 6140XP Series Fabric

Interconnect is also a valid option.

700MX compute and storage configuration

The following illustration shows the 700MX base compute and storage configuration: The networking

components are not shown in this illustration.

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Vblock Series 700 models Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

700MX compute and network configuration

The following illustration shows the 700MX base compute and network configuration. The storage cabinets are

not shown in this illustration.

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Vblock Series 700 models

Vblock Series 700 model LX

Vblock 700LX provides high-end virtual storage capabilities to IT organizations and service providers with

demanding storage requirements and limited resources. The EMC Symmetrix VMAXe delivers scalable

performance, simplified management and provisioning, automated tiering, local and remote replication, and the

ability to support numerous virtual machines.

The core element of the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe is the VMAXe engine, which includes the Intel XEON quad-

core processors, cache, and front-end and back-end connectivity. The EMC Symmetrix VMAXe can scale by

aggregating up to four EMC Symmetrix VMAXe engines with a total of eight redundant directors.

700LX base configuration

As shown in the following illustration, the 700LX base configuration has the following cabinets:

Compute and network base cabinets (CNB A and CNB B)

EMX Symmetrix VMAXe storage base (SB 1) cabinet

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Vblock Series 700 models Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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The 700LX base configuration has reserved floor space for an EMC Symmetrix VMAXe disk expansion

cabinet (SE 1A).

The base configuration contains six Cisco UCS 5108 blade chassis, two Cisco UCS 6248UP fabric

interconnects, and blade servers. The base configuration can be expanded to up to eight Cisco UCS 5108

blade chassis with the addition of the EMC Symmetrix VMAXe disk expansion cabinet (SE 1). Each Cisco

UCS 5108 blade chassis has two fabric extenders that have four connectors to each of the fabric

interconnects. Each Cisco UCS 5108 blade chassis also has four power supplies (2500 W each) for full

redundancy. Only two of the six installed Cisco UCS 5108 blade chassis are licensed in the base

configuration. Additional chassis require chassis activation licenses that must be purchased separately. Refer

to Chassis activation kits.

700LX maximum configuration

As shown in the following illustration, the 700LX maximum configuration has the following cabinets:

Compute and network base cabinets (CNB A and CNB B)

Compute network expansion (CNE) cabinet

EMX Symmetrix VMAXe storage base (SB 1) cabinet

Space for up to six EMC Symmetrix VMAXe disk expansion (SE 1A, SB 2, SB 3, SB 4, SE 1B, SE 2B)

cabinets

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Additional references

Additional references

References overview

The following tables provide links to documentation provided by Cisco, EMC, and VMware for each of the

product lines that are discussed in this document.

Virtualization

Compute

Network

Storage

Virtualization components

Product Description Link to documentation

VMware vCenter Server

Provides a scalable and extensible platform that forms the foundation for virtualization management.

www.vmware.com/solutions/virtualization-management/

VMware vSphere ESXi

Virtualized infrastructure for Vblock platforms. Virtualizes all application servers and provides VMware High Availability (HA) and Dynamic Resource Scheduling (DRS).

www.vmware.com/products/vsphere/

Compute components

Product Description Link to documentation

Cisco UCS 6200 Series Fabric Interconnects

UCS family of line-rate, low-latency, lossless, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel functions. Provide network connectivity and management capabilities.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11544/index.html

Cisco UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnects

UCS family of line-rate, low-latency, lossless, 10 Gbps Ethernet and Fibre Channel over Ethernet interconnect switches

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10276/index.html

Cisco UCS 5100 Series Blade Server Chassis

Chassis that supports up to eight blade servers and up to two fabric extenders in a six rack unit (RU) enclosure.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10279/index.html

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Additional references Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

Product Description Link to documentation

Cisco UCS 2200 Series Fabric Extenders

Bring unified fabric into the blade-server chassis, providing up to four 10 Gbps connections each between blade servers and the fabric interconnect

www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/ps10265/ps10276/data_sheet_c78-675243.html

Cisco UCS 2100 Series Fabric Extenders

Bring unified fabric into the blade-server chassis, providing up to four 10 Gbps connections each between blade servers and the fabric interconnect

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10278/index.html

Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers

Servers that adapt to application demands, intelligently scale energy use, and offer best-in-class virtualization

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10280/index.html

Cisco UCS Manager

Provides centralized management capabilities for the Cisco Unified Computing System

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10281/index.html

Network components

Product Description Link to documentation

Cisco Nexus 1000V

A software switch on a server that delivers Cisco VN-Link services to virtual machines hosted on that server

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps9902/index.html

Cisco MDS 9500 Series Multilayer Directors

Provides industry-leading availability, scalability, security, and management. The Cisco MDS 9000 family allows deployment of high-performance SANs with lowest TCO.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5990/index.html

Cisco MDS 9148 Multilayer Fabric Switch

Provides 48 line-rate 8-Gbps ports and offers cost-effective scalability through on-demand activation of ports.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10703/index.html

Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches

Simplifies data center transformation by enabling a standards-based, high-performance unified fabric.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps9670/index.html

Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches

A single end-to-end platform designed around infrastructure scalability, operational continuity, and transport flexibility.

www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps9402/index.html

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Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

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Additional references

Storage components

Product Description Link to documentation

EMC Symmetrix VMAX

EMC high-end storage array that delivers infrastructure services in the next generation data center. Built for reliability, availability, and scalability, EMC Symmetrix VMAX uses specialized engines, each of which includes two redundant director modules providing parallel access and replicated copies of all critical data.

www.emc.com/storage/symmetrix/vmax.htm

EMC Symmetrix VMAXe

Delivers full enterprise-class availability, data integrity, and security.

www.emc.com/storage/symmetrix/vmaxe.htm

EMC VNX VG2 Gateway

EMC VNX VG8 Gateway

Provide NAS storage in a centrally managed information storage system. The Gateways allow you to grow, share, and cost effectively manage the Vblock platform with multi-protocol file access.

www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/data-sheet/c1119-celerra-gateway-storage-ds.pdf

www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/specification-sheet/h7292-celerra-vg2-ss.pdf

www.emc.com/collateral/hardware/specification-sheet/h7293-celerra-vg8-gateway-ss.pdf

EMC RecoverPoint

Provides continuous data protection for operational and disaster recovery of information on the Vblock platform.

www.emc.com/replication/recoverpoint/recoverpoint.htm

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Additional references Vblock™ Infrastructure Platforms Series 700 Architecture

Overview

ABOUT VCE

VCE, the Virtual Computing Environment Company formed by Cisco and EMC with investments from VMware and Intel,

accelerates the adoption of converged infrastructure and cloud-based computing models that dramatically reduce the cost of IT

while improving time to market for our customers. VCE, through the Vblock platform, delivers the industry's first completely

integrated IT offering with end-to-end vendor accountability. VCE's prepackaged solutions are available through an extensive

partner network, and cover horizontal applications, vertical industry offerings, and application development environments, allowing

customers to focus on business innovation instead of integrating, validating and managing IT infrastructure.

For more information, go to www.vce.com.

Copyright © 2012 VCE Company, LLC. All rights reserved. Vblock and the VCE logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of VCE Company, LLC. and/or its affiliates in the United States or other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.