Vatican to 68 A.D.

Tiberius 14-37 A.D.Caligula 37-41 A.D.

Claudius 41-54 A.D. Nero 54-68 A.D.

Doll Hermes

Via Triumphalis, Pons NeronianisRome Campus Martius 1st c.

Via Triumphalis, Via Cornelia, Via Aurelia

Vatican topography before buildings. Janiculum hill to south, Vatican hill to west

Vatican aerial

Topography before buildings Caligula’s Circus and villa ca. 40.A.D.

Villa ad Duas Lauros 4th c.

Vatican

Villa of Maxentius, Via Appia, 300 A.D.

Vatican

Vatican obelisk brought in 38 A.D.

Vatican

Obelisk, 17th c. painting Obelisk, C. Fontana, Il Tempio...17thc.

Obelisk 1586

Obelisk 1586

South flank of St.Peters Place of obelisk

Circus with remains circled

Circus, Old St. Peter’s (red) and New St. Peter’s (blue) Circus with remains circled

Excavation of carceres

Carlo Fontana, reconstruction of the circus

Circus Maximus 4th c.

Obelisk from Circus Maximus to Piazza del Popolo 1588

St.Peter’s Square from south

Obelisk, C.Fontana, Il Tempio...

Excavation of Vatican obelisk

Stadium at Aphrodisias

Palatine Circus Maximus. Fire of 64 A.D.

Nero’s Golden House or Domus Aurea area covered

Gardens of Maecenas

Palatine *Domus Aurea, reconstruction,70 A.D.

Colossus of Nero, 70 A.D.

*Domus Aurea on the Oppian Hill, 70 A.D.

*Domus Aurea, octagonal hall

Domus Aurea

*Domus Aurea, Golden_Vault *Domus Aurea, volta dorata( =Golden Vault) 16th c. drawing

*Domus Aurea, Achilles and the Daughters of Lykomedes

*Domus Aurea, Achilles and the Daughters of Lykomedes, detail

St. Peter mosaic from San Paolo flm (=fuori le mura), 5th c.

Raphael, Tapestry, Miraculous Draught of Fishes

Feed My Sheep (John 21:15-19), Vatican Palace, Gallery of Maps

Giving of the Keys: Matthew 16:18-19

“You are Peter and on this rock I will build my church”: Matthew 16:18St. Peter’s, dome

Annibale Carracci, Domine Quo Vadis, ca. 1600

Feet of Peter at Domine Quo_Vadis

Mamertine Prison

Vatican

Vatican

Michelangelo, Crucifixion of Peter, Capella Paolina, Vatican Palace

Vatican Necropolis north of circus

Necropolis at Isola Bella

*Vatican Necropolis Mausoleum G, 1st. c. A.D.

*Vatican Necropolis beneath St. Peter’s plan and section, 1st-3rd c. A.D.

Necropolis plan. 1st-3rd c. A.D.

*Necropolis. Mausoleum facade, 1st –3rd c. A.D.

*Necropolis. 1st-3rd c. A.D.

Vatican Necropolis, plan,1st-3rd c. A.D.

Campo P. Vatican Necropolis.1st c. A .D.

Old St. Peter’s apse on Campo P

*Trophy of Gaius 2nd c. A.D.

West side of red wallRed wall : “petros enesti”

Campo_P

Altars on Peter’s tomb

Confessio, 17th c.Niche of the Pallia seen from Confessio

PalliumNiche of the Pallia

Pope Benedict XVI wearing the pallium

Niche of the pallia and altars on Peter’s tomb

Necropolis. plan and section

Old and New St. Peter’s on necropolis