vasilie nikolic abr
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOGAZULProducere şi utilizare
în instalaţii mici şi mijlocii
Ing. Vasilie NIKOLIC
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Sursă energetică şi lanţul trofic al generării biogazului
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Ce este biogazul?
Un amestec de gaze compus din: Metanul, CH4 , în proporţie de 55 – 70%; Dioxidul de carbon, CO2 , în proporţie de 28 –
43%; Alte gaze ca hidrogenul sulfurat (H2S), azotul
(N2), oxidul de carbon (CO), oxigenul (O2), care, împreună, nu depăşesc, în general, 2%.
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Puterea calorifică
Puterea calorifică a biogazului este determinată de conţinutul acestuia înmetan. Gazul metan are următoarele proprietăţi termodinamice: Masă moleculară 16,04 kg/kmol Densitate 0,717 kg/Nm3 Putere calorifică anhidră - Superioară 9516 kcal/Nm3
39.838 kJ/Nm3- Inferioară 8.550 kcal/Nm3
35.797 kJ/Nm3
Temperatura de topire - 182,5 0C Temperatura de fierbere - 161,6 0C Solubilitatea - În apă la 200C 0,35 % în greutate
- În alcool etilic la 200C 47,1 % în greutate
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Puterea calorifică inferioară a unui m3 de biogaz în funcţie de conţinutul de metan
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Comparaţia biogazului cu alţi purtători de energie termică
Tabelul 2:
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Schema degradării materiilor prime în biogaz
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Factorii care influenţează producţia de biogaz
Materia primă Temperatura PresiuneaAgitarea pH – ul
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Producţia specifică, medie, de biogaz, obtenabilă din diverse materii organice
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Biogaz obtenabil din materii prime folosite exclusiv sau în amestec
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Conţinutul de C, N şi raportul C/N pentru unele materii prime folosite la producerea biogazului
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Conţinutul de substanţă uscată respectiv de umiditate a principalelor materii prime
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Influenţa temperaturii asupra producţiei de biogaz
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Influenţa acidităţii asupra randamentului de conversie al S.O. în biogaz
Acid acetic echivalent, prezent în substrat, mg/l
l/kg.SO.zi
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Încărcările organice exprimate în CBO5 ale unor ape reziduale
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Biogaz obtenabil din unele materii prime provenite din agricultură
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Instalaţie de biogaz după sistemul Darmstadt
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Instalaţie de biogaz sistem UASB – Vageningen (Anaerob de contact, Olanda 1979)
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Instalaţie de biogaz sistemSchimdt – Eggersgluss
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Instalaţie de biogaz brevet J.J. Patel, India 1950
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Instalaţie de biogaz tip KVIC
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Instalaţia de biogaz sistem DOM din provincia Sichuan (China)
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Instalaţie de biogaz din China
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Instalaţie de biogaz din Coreea
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Instalaţie de biogaz tip ICA de 5 si 10 m3
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Principalii indicatori ai instalaţiilor de biogaz de 5 şi 10 m3, tip ICA, diseminaţi în România
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Consumurile de materiale pentru instalaţiile de biogaz de 5 şi 10 m3, tip ICA
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Generator de biogaz din Polonia
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Instalaţie de biogaz sistem Neukomm (Thayngen. Elveţia)
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Instalaţie de biogaz tip ICA de 25 şi 50 m3
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Aspectul general al instalaţiei de biogaz tip ICA de 25 şi 50 m3
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Principalii indicatori ai instalaţiilor de biogaz de 25 şi 50 m3 diseminate în România
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Instalaţie de producere a biogazului în flux orizontal. Schemă de principiu.
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Instalaţie de biogaz compactă, în flux orizontal, de capacitate medie
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Indicatori ai instalaţiilor de biogaz în flux orizontal pentru capacităţi medii
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BIOGAZUL ŞI CO-GENERAREAPutere calorifică
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Date de bază ale co-generării
CH4 + 2 O2 = CO2 + 2 H2O
Pentru un metru cub normal............8550 kcal + 966 kcal = 9516 kcal
sau 35797 kJ + 4041 kJ = 39838 kJ în care
Puterea calorifică anhidră inferioară superioară
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BIOGAZUL ŞI CO-GENERAREA
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Oportunitatea co-generăriiDiagrame de repartiţie energetică
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Oportunitatea co-generăriiDiagrame de repartiţie energetică
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Analiza energetică a metanogenezei
∑ ESi = EB + ∑ EMi (1) ∑ VMi = ∑ VSi (2) ∑ VMi = ∑ VSi + ∆ V (3) Eexp = ∆ V x P (4) ∑ ESi = EB+∑EMi+Eexp (5)
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Influenţa presiunii asupra producerii biogazului
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Cu cât fermentatorul e mai înalt cu atât e mai mare spaţiul construit inutil
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