various types of computers & history
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TRANSCRIPT
OBJECTIVE: Students will become familiar with the different types of computer and how they have evolved through the years through lecture, classroom discussion and completion of a worksheets.
Types of Computers
All computers have the same basic components. How are computers different?
Size Cost Performance
What are the different types of computers? Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Professional Workstations Personal Computers
Supercomputers
Faster and more powerful than a Mainframe Size – Very large Cost – Up to $100 million Performance – can process trillions of calculations per second Who uses them today?
large research facilities or government agencies Examples – weather forecast, car crash simulation testing
Mainframe Computers The first computers used by businesses and government agencies around
1951. Size –large and housed in special, climate controlled rooms Cost - hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Performance – very fast and allows thousand of employees to request and
update from a central location. Who uses them today?
Large companies who have large numbers of employees or customers who need to access information at the same time.
Examples – Nationwide Car Rental, Social Security Administration
Minicomputers
Smaller multi-user systems common in the 1970’s and 1980’s Size – smaller than mainframes Cost – Usually less than $100,000 Performance – good but most have been replaced by the PC Who uses them now?
Examples – small to medium-sized businesses with less than 100 users.
Professional Workstations
Size – sits on a desktop Cost – a few thousand dollars Performance – more than personal computer but less than a
minicomputer Who uses them today?
Scientists, graphics designers, financial analysts, and architects
Personal Computer
Who was first? Apple with the Apple I in 1976 (Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs)
Who was second? IBM in 1981 (Microsoft & IBM)
Who was next? IBM-Compatibles such as Digital, HP, Dell
Size – sits on a desktop Cost - $500 and up Performance – fast and continuing to get faster due to
chip-making technology and miniaturization Who uses them today?
Almost every business and individuals at home
Assignment
Complete the “Computer System Recommendations” worksheet.You will turn it in as you leave todayUse proper heading
Assignment
Complete the handout as we go through the presentation
History of the Computer
How the Computer Evolved
1642 Blaise Pascal – mechanical adding machine
Early 1800’s Jacquard – uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom
1822 Charles Babbage - invents the Difference Engine
1890 Herman Hollerith – invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine
Evolution (continued)1910 Charles Watson Sr. – International
Business Machines1946 – Mauchly and Eckert created the
ENIAC computer, first electronic computer is unveiled at Univ. of Pennsylvania
1970’s – Integrated circuits and silicon chips lead to smaller
microprocessors
ENIAC Computer Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors
and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000 100,000 additions per
second Weighed 30 tons Filled a 30x50 foot room Could be replaced today
by one fingernail-size silicon chip
Computer Generations1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Timeframe 1951-1958
1959-1964 1965-1974 1975-1989 1990-present
Circuit Components
Vacuum Tubes
Transistors Integrated Circuits (IC)
Large-scale IC (LSI)
Very Large IC (VLSI)
Memory Capacity
4,000 Bits
32,000 Bits 128,000 Bits
100 Million Bits
Unlimited
Data Input Hard Wired Program in computer
Punch Cards
Keyboard Entry
Read Programs off Disk
CDROM, Optical Disk
Computers Are Everywhere
Laptop ComputersAppliancesCarsMedical EquipmentPrintersGame Consoles
Reflection
What interesting/new thing(s) did you learn about computers today?
How have computers/microelectronics changed our lives?CommunicateCookEntertainmentWork