various affection of equine hoof
DESCRIPTION
described various condition that usually affect the hoofTRANSCRIPT
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EQUINE FOOT ANATOMY
KAMIL MALIK
MVSc(VSR)
SKUAST-J
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OSTEOLOGY OF HORSE FEET TMB - third
metacarpal bone, PS - proximal
sesamoid bones, PP - proximal
phalanx, MP - middle phalanx. DP - distal phalanx, EP - extensor
process, C - cartilage of distal
phalanx.
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ARTERIOGRAM OF HOOF DORSO - PALMAR VIEWT -THE TERMINAL ARCHARROWS- THE CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY) OF SOLE.D-PAIRED DORSAL ARTERY
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THE HOOF FROM THE BOTTOM
1. Bulb of Heel2. Bar(s)3. Sole4. Wall5. Toe6. White Line
7. FrogA. Central grooveB. RidgeC. Lateral grooveD. Apex
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The Hoof
1. Digital Flexor Tendon
2. Sesamoidean ligament
3. Digital extensor tendon
4. Long pastern bone
5. Short pastern bone
6. Coronary corium
7. Pedal bone
8. Laminar corium
9. Wall
10. White Line
11. Sole
12. Plantar cushion
13. Navicular bone
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INSENSITIVE/ SENSITIVE LAMINAE
1. Insensitive laminae
2. Sensitive laminae
3. Laminar corium
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VARIOUS AFFECTION OF HOOF
Abscesses Contracted Heels Corns Laminitis (Founder) Navicular Syndrome Sand Cracks Seedy Toe Thrush White Line Disease
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ABSCESSES
Infections of the soft portion of the hoof Usually start as a result of a puncture wound
or injury
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CLINICAL SIGNS
- Lameness with severe pain
- May see dark spot on hoof
- Some abscesses may open and drain
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Abscess will need to be opened to allow drainage
Antibiotics for deeper abscesses
Severe abscesses may require long-term treatment with regular dressing changes
Good hoof care to prevent cracks and injuries, including topical protection
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CONTRACTED HEELS
The heel area narrows such that the width at the base of the frog is less than 2/3 the width of the widest part of the hoof
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CAUSES
- Poor conformation - genetics
Dry environment leading to loss of moisture in hoof
Improper shoeing or poor hoof trimming
Lack of exercise
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CLINICAL SIGNS
- The width at the base of the frog is less than 2/3 the width of the widest part of the hoof
- Can often lead to other hoof problems
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Proper hoof trimming (may take months of regular trimming to resolve) and, if necessary, corrective shoeing
Restore hoof moisture
Proper hoof trimming and shoeing
Providing adequate exercise
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CORNS
Bruise of the sole at the back of the hoof at the angle between the wall and the bars
Improper shoeing or poor hoof trimming
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CLINICAL SIGNS
Yellow or red discoloration of the sole, usually on the front feet
Possible lameness
Soreness of the area when using a hoof tester
Area of corn may become abscessed
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Corrective trimming
Shoeing to protect and transfer weight from the bruised area
Draining of the area if there is an abscess
Proper hoof trimming and shoeing
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LAMINITIS (FOUNDER)
Inflammation of the sensitive lamina (the connective tissue between the hoof and the coffin bone). The circulation becomes disrupted.
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CAUSES
Poor foot trimming
Grain overload
Toxicity from colic
Certain steroid medications
Foot injury
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CLINICAL SIGNS
The signs are progressive. At first, walks as though on eggshells. Then weight shifted to rear feet. Then resists walking, and lies down much of the time. Can result in severe, permanent, life-threatening lameness.
Cat on hot bricks (very peculiar gait)
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Radiographs (x-rays) often necessary
Provide soft footing
Give anti-inflammatory medications and medications that improve circulation to the foot
Corrective shoeing Good nutrition - avoid too much grain or
concentrated carbohydrate
Provide good footing
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NAVICULAR SYNDROME
Inflammation and degeneration of the navicular bone and surrounding tissues. This disease begins with inflammation and gradually results in deterioration of the bony tissue of the navicular bone.
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CAUSES
Genetics and poor conformation
Improper nutrition
Continual impact of the toe on hard surfaces
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CLINICAL SIGNS
Intermittent lameness that tends to get worse over time
Toe will become worn as it hits the ground before the heel
Usually affects front feet
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
- Proper trimming and shoeing
- Medications to increase circulation and decrease pain
- Surgery may be necessary Proper breeding
- Proper shoeing
- Adequate exercise, avoiding athletic stress
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SAND CRACKS
Vertical cracks in the hoof wall that start at the ground surface
Improper shoeing
- Excessively dry environment
- Poor nutrition
- Training on hard surfaces
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CAUSES
Improper shoeing
- Excessively dry environment
- Poor nutrition
- Training on hard surfaces
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SIGNS
- Crack usually visible. May not cause lameness if remains superficial
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Corrective shoeing
- Restrict activity
- If deep, hoof repair and pain medication - Proper shoeing
- Good nutrition
- Hoof moisturizer and protectant
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SEEDY TOE
Separation of the hoof wall at the white line. Is sometimes used as a synonym for "white line disease"
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CAUSES
Often a consequence of laminitis
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SIGNS
Crumbly soft material at the junction of the hoof wall and sole (the white line)
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
- Hoof trimming and corrective shoeing
- Ensure tetanus vaccination is up to date
Prevent conditions that could lead to laminitis
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THRUSH
Bacterial infection of the frog
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CAUSES
Frog consistently packed with manure, mud, or moist bedding
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SIGNS
Foul-smelling, black, clay-like material in the area surrounding the frog
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TREATMENT AND PEVENTION
- Clean hooves
- Improve sanitation and keep horse's feet dry
- Use a drying agent if necessary
- Ensure tetanus vaccination is up to date Clean hooves regularly
- Provide dry environment
- Use a thrush topical
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WHITE LINE DISEASE
A breakdown of the protein in the inner hoof wall by bacteria and fungi
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CAUSES
Bacterial or fungal infection often associated with hoof injuries that allow entrance of the microorganisms
- More common in humid conditions
- Improper trimming
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SIGNS
- Starts with powdery, chalky area located along the junction of the hoof wall and sole (the white line); then causes a separation of the wall and sole
- Soreness
- Abnormal growth of hoof wall
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TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
- Hoof trimming to remove affected wall
- Corrective shoeing
- Medications to kill fungus and bacteria
- Keep hoof clean and dry - Prompt treatment of any other hoof
condition
- Proper nutrition
- Good sanitation
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THANK YOU