Variants of Variants of ChristianityChristianity

CatholicismCatholicismProtestantismProtestantismAnglicanismAnglicanismOrthodoxyOrthodoxy

PentecostalismPentecostalism

© Karen Devine 2008

What is Catholicism?What is Catholicism? For Catholics For Catholics

worship is worship is sacramental.sacramental.

Teachings are Teachings are drawn from drawn from scriptures and scriptures and religious traditions.religious traditions.

It is hierarchical It is hierarchical and structured and and structured and under the authority under the authority of the Pope.of the Pope.

What is Catholicism?What is Catholicism?

Catholicism is Catholicism is divided into 8 divided into 8 Catholic Rites:Catholic Rites:

a) Armeniana) Armenianb) Byzantineb) Byzantinec) Copticc) Copticd) Ethiopiand) Ethiopiane) Chaldeane) Chaldeanf) Maronitef) Maroniteg) Romang) Romanh) West Syrianh) West Syrian

What is Catholicism?What is Catholicism? The Eucharist is the The Eucharist is the

focus of worship and focus of worship and Catholics believe that Catholics believe that TransubstantiationTransubstantiation occurs to make Jesus occurs to make Jesus physically present in the physically present in the bread and wine.bread and wine.

Catholics believe that Catholics believe that faith and good deeds are faith and good deeds are necessary for necessary for salvation. salvation.

There is an increased There is an increased focus on Mary and the focus on Mary and the saints.saints.

What is Catholicism?What is Catholicism?

Catholic belief includes 7 sacramental Catholic belief includes 7 sacramental areas:areas:

a) Baptisma) Baptism

b) Eucharistb) Eucharist

c) Reconciliationc) Reconciliation

d) Confirmationd) Confirmation

e) Marriagee) Marriage

f) Holy Ordersf) Holy Orders

g) Anointing of the Sickg) Anointing of the Sick

What is Catholicism?What is Catholicism?

There is a strong belief in There is a strong belief in heaven and hell.heaven and hell.

Catholicism has a Latin Catholicism has a Latin tradition in the liturgy.tradition in the liturgy.

There is a strong tradition There is a strong tradition of of monasticismmonasticism in the in the priesthood and convents.priesthood and convents.

There has been a special There has been a special role of Catholics in the role of Catholics in the history of society through history of society through education and social education and social reforms.reforms.

What is Protestantism?What is Protestantism?

Protestantism evolved out Protestantism evolved out of the Reformation period.of the Reformation period.

The 2 major contributors to The 2 major contributors to the Reformation were:the Reformation were:

a)a) Martin Luther (1483-1546)Martin Luther (1483-1546)b)b) John Calvin (1509- 1564)John Calvin (1509- 1564) Martin Luther especially Martin Luther especially

denounced the corruptions denounced the corruptions which existed in the which existed in the Catholic Church and the Catholic Church and the supremacy of the Pope.supremacy of the Pope.

What is Protestantism?What is Protestantism?

The Bible became The Bible became the source of the source of authority for each authority for each denomination of denomination of Protestantism Eg:Protestantism Eg:

a)a)Lutheran Lutheran

b)b)CalvinistsCalvinists

c)c) MethodistMethodist

d)d)PresbyteriansPresbyterians

e)e)BaptistsBaptists

What is Protestantism?What is Protestantism? These denominations These denominations

developed unique developed unique Christian traditions out of Christian traditions out of the theology of their the theology of their founders.founders.

Protestants believe in the Protestants believe in the transcendencetranscendence of God. of God.

Protestantism is less Protestantism is less liturgical and sacramental liturgical and sacramental than Catholicism.than Catholicism.

Protestantism places more Protestantism places more emphasis on preaching emphasis on preaching the wordthe word of Jesus. of Jesus.

What is Anglicanism?What is Anglicanism? Protestantism allows an Protestantism allows an

increased role for women increased role for women leaders than Catholicism. leaders than Catholicism.

It developed as a variation It developed as a variation to Catholicism during the to Catholicism during the reign of Henry VIII in the reign of Henry VIII in the 16th Century.16th Century.

Theology and politics were Theology and politics were behind the separation behind the separation from the Roman Church from the Roman Church and the Pope.and the Pope.

It was influenced by the It was influenced by the theology of Martin Luther.theology of Martin Luther.

What is Anglicanism?What is Anglicanism? Anglicanism does not have Anglicanism does not have

the Pope as a central the Pope as a central authority.authority.

The focus in on Biblical The focus in on Biblical authority with a special authority with a special place held for the place held for the Archbishop of Canterbury.Archbishop of Canterbury.

Anglicans are often divided Anglicans are often divided into:into:

a) Low Anglican: this includes a a) Low Anglican: this includes a variety of Protestant faiths.variety of Protestant faiths.

b) High Anglican: This group is b) High Anglican: This group is closely affiliated with the closely affiliated with the Catholic Church and is Catholic Church and is known as “Anglo- Catholic”.known as “Anglo- Catholic”.

Anglicans and women Anglicans and women priests?priests?

Anglicans allow Anglicans allow a greater role a greater role for women in for women in the priesthood, the priesthood, although this is although this is not universally not universally accepted accepted through all through all denominations.denominations.

What is Orthodoxy?What is Orthodoxy? The heart of orthodoxy is The heart of orthodoxy is

the celebration of the the celebration of the Eucharist.Eucharist.

In orthodoxy there is a In orthodoxy there is a heavy use of heavy use of iconsicons. .

The liturgical celebration is The liturgical celebration is often very long and uses often very long and uses incense.incense.

The liturgy is often wholly The liturgy is often wholly sung.sung.

Parts of the celebration are Parts of the celebration are hidden from the view of the hidden from the view of the congregation. congregation.

Greek is the language of Greek is the language of orthodoxy.orthodoxy.

What is Orthodoxy?What is Orthodoxy? There is a profound There is a profound

view of view of sacramentalism.sacramentalism.

Orthodoxy places Orthodoxy places emphasis on emphasis on monasticismmonasticism..

Orthodoxy did not Orthodoxy did not develop monastic or develop monastic or religious orders for religious orders for a specific purpose. a specific purpose.

Only men may Only men may become priests, yet become priests, yet they may be they may be married.married.

What is Pentecostalism?What is Pentecostalism?

Pentecostalism originated in the USA in the Pentecostalism originated in the USA in the Methodist movement of the 19th Century.Methodist movement of the 19th Century.

They are Christian Charismatic Churches and They are Christian Charismatic Churches and seek to restore the Holy Spirit to the Church.seek to restore the Holy Spirit to the Church.

Emphasis is on a group response in worship.Emphasis is on a group response in worship.

What is Pentecostalism?What is Pentecostalism? There is great There is great

spontaneity in the spontaneity in the celebration which celebration which is exhibited by the is exhibited by the followers.followers.

““Baptism of the Baptism of the Spirit” occurs Spirit” occurs when a baptized when a baptized person received person received the gift of the gift of tongues. tongues. ((GlossolaliaGlossolalia))

Pentecostalists Pentecostalists value healing and value healing and prophesy.prophesy.

Question TimeQuestion Time

What are the What are the major major distinguishing distinguishing features between features between the variants of the variants of Christianity?Christianity?

Are there any Are there any other variants of other variants of Christianity? Name Christianity? Name them?them?