valves _presentation.ppt
DESCRIPTION
ValvesTRANSCRIPT
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FLUID FLUID VALVESVALVES
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ANSI – American National Standards InstituteAPI – American Petroleum InstituteASME – American Society of MechanicalEngineersAWWA – American Water Works AssociationMSS-SP – Manufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valves and Fittings IndustryBSI – British Standards Institute
STANDARDS INSTITUTESTANDARDS INSTITUTE
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STANDARDS CODESTANDARDS CODEAPI 600 Steel Valves - Flanged & Buttwelding Ends
API 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves- Flanged, Threaded, Welding and Extended-Body Ends
API 603 Class 150, Cast, Corrosion-Resistant, Flanged-End Gate Valves
API 608 Metal Ball Valves-Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends
API 609 Butterfly Valves, Lug-Type and Wafer Type
API 598 Valve Inspection & Testing
API 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (Gate, Plug, Ball and Check Valves)
ANSI B16.34 Steel Valves - Flanged & Buttwelding Ends
ANSI B16.10 Face-to-Face Dimensions of Ferrous Valves
MSS SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components
BS 1873 "Steel Globe Stop and Check Valves For The Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries
BS 5352 Steel Wedge Gate, Globe and Check Valves 50mm (2") and Smaller For The Petroleum, Petrochemical an Allied Industries.
BS 5160Specification for steel globe valves, globe stop and check valves and lift type check valves
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Type of valves and strainers,steam Type of valves and strainers,steam traps introduction in Piping network.traps introduction in Piping network.
Valve Selection cratia, Moc / Valve Selection cratia, Moc / StandardsStandards
Function of various industrial valveFunction of various industrial valve How to control the flow of fluids/head How to control the flow of fluids/head
LossLoss Operational ,Size limitationsOperational ,Size limitations How to prepare to valve specificationHow to prepare to valve specification Type of hydraulic valves, hose fittingsType of hydraulic valves, hose fittings
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Def’n: devices which control the Def’n: devices which control the amount and direction of fluid flow amount and direction of fluid flow in piping systemsin piping systems Typically made of bronze, brass, iron, Typically made of bronze, brass, iron,
or steel alloy, plasticor steel alloy, plastic.. Components:Components:
- - Valve bodyValve body - Packing- Packing- Disc- Disc - Packing gland/nut- Packing gland/nut
- Seat- Seat - Stem- Stem- Bonnet- Bonnet - Wheel - Wheel
FLUID VALVESVALVES
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Valve Selection (6-Q)Valve Selection (6-Q)
What is the valve size?What is the valve size? What is the Media in Pipe line?What is the Media in Pipe line? What is the Temperature ?What is the Temperature ? What is the Pressure?What is the Pressure? What is the Material ?What is the Material ? What is the end connection?What is the end connection?
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Valve Sizes/ApplicationValve Sizes/Application
Valve Types Purpose Example of a system
Gate ( From 6 NB) Isolation Pump suction,pipe line
Globe ( From 6 NB) steam, air, oil and water
Ball ( from 15 NB) Isolation / Throttling Seawater, sanitary, trim and drain, air, hydraulic, and oil transfer
Butterfly ( From 50 NB) Throttling freshwater, saltwater, lube oil, and chill water
Check ( L.C 6 NB)Swing Ch. V/V- 50 NB(FE)
Allows fluid to flow in one direction; prevents backflow and damage to equipment
Any
Relief Protects a system from overpressure
High pressure system
Isolation / Throttling
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MediaMedia
Water is the easy media can be Water is the easy media can be handled handled
any valves .any valves . Air is a very simple media.Air is a very simple media. Suspended solid,mixer of air & Suspended solid,mixer of air &
oil .oil . Hp. Steam for process.Hp. Steam for process. Acidic ,brine,clay application.Acidic ,brine,clay application.
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Temperatute/ MaterialTemperatute/ Material Temp -50°C to Below 200°C use soft Temp -50°C to Below 200°C use soft
seated valve (Class VI)seated valve (Class VI) Cast iron valves to be use - 10°C to Cast iron valves to be use - 10°C to
210°C210°C Carbon steel - 20°C to 425°C Carbon steel - 20°C to 425°C Alloy steel - 20°C to 600°C Alloy steel - 20°C to 600°C SS Casting : -220°C to 815°CSS Casting : -220°C to 815°C Bronze :160°C to 280°CBronze :160°C to 280°C Inconel : 160°C to 650°C Inconel : 160°C to 650°C Monel : 160°C to 480°CMonel : 160°C to 480°C PVC : 100 °C to 125°CPVC : 100 °C to 125°C
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PressurePressure Pressure is always connected with Pressure is always connected with
Temperature Temperature The material which can handle 16 bar The material which can handle 16 bar
Pr.in 20°CPr.in 20°C
Might not do that in 200°C.Might not do that in 200°C. Piping flange class is same of valve class.Piping flange class is same of valve class. Ex. #150 , #300 or PN10 . PN20, Ex. #150 , #300 or PN10 . PN20, Marked on V/V body as PN 10 men's at Marked on V/V body as PN 10 men's at
20°C20°C
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End ConnectionsEnd Connections
Flanges end. (faces- flate,raised , Flanges end. (faces- flate,raised , Groove)Groove)
Welded end.( Rating #600 )Welded end.( Rating #600 ) Threaded end. ( BSP / NPT Threaded end. ( BSP / NPT
#2000 lbs )#2000 lbs ) Socket welded End (#3000 lbs)Socket welded End (#3000 lbs) Brazing / Soldering Ends. Brazing / Soldering Ends.
( #150,#300)( #150,#300)
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Forged ValveForged Valve
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Valve Material for non corrosives Valve Material for non corrosives applicationapplication cont..cont..
Material ASTM Service Condition Trim low Temp
Trim high Temp
Carbon steel A216 Gr WPB Non corrosive water, oil and gasTemp -30°C to 430 °C
1 or 8 8 or 5
CS Low Temp Services
A352 Gr LCBA352 Gr LC2A352 Gr LC3
Cryogenic services low Temp.Temp -46°C to 343°CTemp -73°C to 343°CTemp -101°C to 343 °C
2 or 12 12 or 5
Alloy Steel A217 Gr WC1 Non corrosive water, Oil and GasTemp -20°F to 875°F
2 or 12 12 or 5
11/4Cr-1/2 Mo A217 Gr WC6 Non corrosive water, Oil and GasTemp -20°C to 649°C
8 or 5 5
21/4Cr-1 Mo A217 Gr WC9 Non corrosive water, Oil and GasTemp -20°C to 649 °C
8 or 5 5
5%Cr-1/2 Mo A217 Gr C5 Corrosive water, Oil and GasTemp -20°C to 649 °C
8 or 5 5
9%Cr-1 Mo A217 Gr C12 Corrosive water, Oil and GasTemp -20°C to 649 °C
8 or 5 5
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Valve Material for corrosives Valve Material for corrosives applicationapplication
Cast Stainless Steel Corrosive high Temp Applications
18% Cr-8% NiA351 Gr CF8
Temp -10°C to 816°C 10 or 12 5
18% Cr-8% Ni(L.Carbon)
A351 Gr CF5
Temp -10°C to 427°C 10 or 12 5
16%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo
A351 Gr CF8M
Temp -254°C to 649°C 10 or 12 5
16%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo (L.Carbon)
A351 Gr CF3M
Temp -10°C to 454°C 10 or 12 5
18% Cr-8% Ni-cbA351 Gr CF8C
Temp -10°C to 816°C 10 or 12 5
Alloy 20A351 Gr CN7M
Corrosive Viz hydrogen sulphide dry 13 13 or 14
Monel A94 M35-1Hydrochloric acid (Air free) all concentrated
13 9
Hastelloy B A94 N12MVHydro choleric acid <1% at ambient temp
13Hastelloy
C
Hastelloy C A94 N12MVCrrosive.CholrineGas,dry etcAll ambient temperature
13Hastelloy
C
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Material and hardness of stem and backseat bushing or weld deposit STD-API 600
Trim No Material Type
Type Stem ( Hard-HB)
Backseat/bushing
1 13 Cr ASTM A276 T410 or T240
200min 275 Max
250 Min
2 18 Cr-8Ni ASTM A276 T304
Mfg Std Mfg Std
3 25 Cr-20Ni ASTM A276 T310
Mfg Std Mfg Std
4 to 8A 13 Cr ASTM A276 T410 or T240
200min 275 Max
250 Min
9 and 11 Ni Cu alloy Mfg Std Mfg Std Mfg Std
10 and 12 18 Cr-12Ni ASTM A276 T316
Mfg Std Mfg Std
13 and 14 19 Cr-29Ni ASTM B473 Mfg Std Mfg Std
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ForgingsForgingsA105 Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
A181 Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
A182 Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A266 Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A290 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears
A336 Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A350 Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components
A372 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
A522 Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service
A565 Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
A592 Specification for High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Fittings and Parts for Pressure Vessels
A638 Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Super alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
A646 Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
A668 Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use
A694 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service
A707 Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
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CastingsCastingsA27 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A47 Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings
A48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings
A74 Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
A126 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings
A128 Specification for Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese
A148 Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes
A216 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High- Temperature Service
A217 Specification for Steel Castings, Martens tic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure- Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service
A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 350°C
A278 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F
A319 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Elevated Temperatures for Non-Pressure Containing Parts
A351 Specification for Castings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure-Containing Parts
A352 Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martens tic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
A487 Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
A494 Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A518 Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings
A703 Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A732 Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
A743 Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
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MATERIAL DESIGNATIONS & ASTM STANDARDSFOR VALVES
Aluminum ASTM B-85 Die Cast
3% Ni-Iron ASTM A-126-Class B Modified
Copper ASTM B-75 Wrot & ASTM B-88
Ni-Plated Ductile Iron ASTM B-320 Plating
Bronze ASTM B-61 Cast ASTM B-62 CastASTM B-584, Alloy 844
400 Series Stainless Steel ASTM B-582 Type 416 WrotASTM A-217-Grade CA-15ASTM A-276 Type 410 Wrot
Silicon Bronze ASTM B-98 Alloy BASTM B-371 Wrot
316 Stainless ASTM 276 Type 316ASTM A-351-Grade CF-8M
Aluminum Bronze ASTM B-148 CastASTM B-150 Rod
Brass ASTM B-16 Wrot ASTM B-124 Forged
17-4 PH Stainless Steel ASTM A-564 Type 630
Ductile Iron ASTM A-395 Heat TreatedASTM A-536 As Cast
Carbon Steel ASTM A-216-Grade WCB CastASTM A-105 Forged ASTM A-352-Grade LCB Cast
Stellite AWS 5.13 Hard Face
Gray Iron ASTM A-126 Class B
Alloy 20 ASTM A-351-Grade CN-7MASTM B-473 20Cb-3
Monel ASTM B-164ASTM 494 Grade M-35-1
Hastelloy C ASTM B-574ASTM B-494 Grade CW-12 MW
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Tank
Requirement valves in Piping Network
Pumps
P-1 303033HRHR P-
2
101033HRHR
101033HRHR
101033HRHR
303033HRHR
Cap 12012033
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GLOBE VALVESGLOBE VALVES
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Port Types Globe ValvePort Types Globe Valve Most common Most common
valve in the plantvalve in the plant Body may be Body may be
straight, angle, or straight, angle, or cross typecross type
Valve inlet and Valve inlet and outlet openings outlet openings are designed to are designed to suit varying suit varying requirements of requirements of flowflow
Valve may be Valve may be operated in the operated in the partially open partially open position (throttled)position (throttled)
Commonly used in Commonly used in steam, air, oil andsteam, air, oil and water lineswater lines
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Used for a straight line Used for a straight line of flow where minimum of flow where minimum restriction is desiredrestriction is desired
Not suitable for Not suitable for throttlingthrottling
May be rising stem or May be rising stem or nonrising stemnonrising stem
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Ball ValveBall Valve Most ball valves are quick acting - only require Most ball valves are quick acting - only require
9090oo turn to completely open or shut valve turn to completely open or shut valve Some ball valves may have gearing for easy of Some ball valves may have gearing for easy of
use (also increases operating time)use (also increases operating time) Used in seawater, sanitary, trim and drain, air, Used in seawater, sanitary, trim and drain, air,
hydraulic, and oil transfer systemshydraulic, and oil transfer systems
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3 Way Ball 3 Way Ball ValveValve
3 way ball are mostly used for filter by pass lines.3 way ball are mostly used for filter by pass lines.
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Dual flange TypeDual flange Type
Lug types lever operatedLug types lever operated
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Butterfly ValveButterfly Valve Lightweight, relatively Lightweight, relatively
small, and quick actingsmall, and quick acting May be used for throttlingMay be used for throttling Used in freshwater, Used in freshwater,
saltwater,Utility servicessaltwater,Utility services
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Check ValveCheck Valve Allows fluid to Allows fluid to
flow in a system flow in a system in only one in only one directiondirection
May be swing, May be swing, lift, or Ball type lift, or Ball type check valvescheck valves
Mounting as per Mounting as per valve Applicationvalve Application
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Disc Check valve ( NRV)Disc Check valve ( NRV)Mount horizontal directionMount horizontal direction
Plate Type Lift Check valvePlate Type Lift Check valveCan be mount any directionCan be mount any direction
Ball type Lift Check valveBall type Lift Check valveCan be Vertical directionCan be Vertical directionDosing pumpDosing pump
Spring loades Lift Spring loades Lift Check valveCheck valveCan be Fix Vertical Can be Fix Vertical directiondirection
Plate Type Lift Plate Type Lift Check valveCheck valve
Dual Plate Lift Check valveDual Plate Lift Check valve
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Foot Valves used for bottom lift pump Foot Valves used for bottom lift pump suctionsuction
Such as function as like check valvesSuch as function as like check valves
Foot ValvesFoot Valves
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Diaphragm Diaphragm ValveValve
Used for corrosive acidic ApplicationUsed for corrosive acidic Application For rubber Diaphragan hence For rubber Diaphragan hence
temperature limittemperature limit
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Automatic Automatic Operated ValveOperated Valve
This types of valve work Pressure This types of valve work Pressure Difference between inlet and OutletDifference between inlet and OutletLow Pressure ApplicationLow Pressure ApplicationAgricultural Water supply pumpAgricultural Water supply pumpActs as NRVActs as NRV
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Niddle ValveNiddle Valve
Fine Regulating Fine Regulating valvevalve
Used in Used in Instruments, Instruments, Gauges OperatingGauges Operating
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Relief ValveRelief Valve
Installed in piping Installed in piping systems to protect them systems to protect them from excessive pressurefrom excessive pressure
The relieving pressure is The relieving pressure is set by the force exerted set by the force exerted on the disk by the springon the disk by the spring
Relief valves may have a Relief valves may have a lever which allows manual lever which allows manual opening of the valve for opening of the valve for test purposestest purposes
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Self Actuated Safety Relief Valve
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Valve Operating DevicesValve Operating Devices
Manual lever or wheel ( up to 6”) Manual lever or wheel ( up to 6”) Handwheel or lever is directly connected to the stem and Handwheel or lever is directly connected to the stem and
is operated by handis operated by hand Gear operated above- 6”Gear operated above- 6”
Pneumatic ( up to 20”)Pneumatic ( up to 20”) Air pressure is applied to one side of a piston which is Air pressure is applied to one side of a piston which is
connected to the stem of the valveconnected to the stem of the valve Motor ( Above 24” )Motor ( Above 24” )
A hydraulic, electric, or air driven motor is used to turn A hydraulic, electric, or air driven motor is used to turn the stem of the valvethe stem of the valve
SolenoidSolenoid Uses an Electromagnet to open or close a valve against Uses an Electromagnet to open or close a valve against
spring pressurespring pressure
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Valves Operating devices
Gear operatedGear operated Gear operated/ManualGear operated/ManualMotor operatedMotor operated
Diaphragm operatedDiaphragm operated Wheel Wheel operatedoperated
Pneumatic Pneumatic operatedoperated
Positinor devicePositinor device
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Control Valves• There are many different ways to manipulate the flows of
material and energy into and out of a process; for example, the speed of a pump drive, screw conveyer, or blower can be adjusted.
• However, a simple and widely used method of accomplishing this result with fluids is to use a control valve, also called an automatic control valve.
• The control valve components include the valve body, trim, seat, and actuator.Dighparm, positioner,
Air-to-Open vs. Air-to-Close Control Valves
Hydraulic Open control valves
• Normally, the choice of A-O or A-C valve is based on safety considerations.
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P& ID , Process Logic loop for AUTO P& ID , Process Logic loop for AUTO Control ValveControl Valve
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FCVFCV Fine Flow control Fine Flow control
valvesvalves Automatics Automatics
Operating, Digital Operating, Digital Display.Display.
Used In Process Used In Process QCS/DCS SystemQCS/DCS System
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Control valves Control valves Diaphragm Diaphragm operating device operating device can be operate can be operate liner motion.liner motion.
Relivetly less Relivetly less operating spanoperating span
Can be operate by Can be operate by AIR media.AIR media.
Use Globe type Use Globe type valvevalve..
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Gate Valve Pneumatic OperatedGate Valve Pneumatic Operated•A Pneumatic control valve Provided cylinder (air-to-open) and closed by return spring action.
•This is liner movement device.
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•A Pneumatic control valve (air-to-open) with spring return action.
•This is liner motion divice
Globe valve (Diaphragms Operated )
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•This is Rotational Motion device.
•Uses an electromagnet to open or close a valve against spring pressureUses an electromagnet to open or close a valve against spring pressure
•Air to open and spring pressureAir to open and spring pressure close against positioner device controlclose against positioner device control
Butter fly valve ,Actuators Operating device.
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Control Valve Operating Device.
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Operating Divices ( Diphragm devices)Operating purpose required Air for 15 to 30 psi
Valve positioner device to regulate the valve flow control functionsAuto control and manual setting can done.
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Positiner is Device in control valve loop of a Flow or Level Control Process that improves Valve response to change in the demand from a process controller
Valve Positioner operation logics
Setting can done by auto Mode or Manually
Required DC Supply 4 to 20 mA For valve Operating
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The IP is an Electronic pressure regulator that converts a variable 4 to 20 mA signal to a proportional pneumatic output. Its compact housing, accessible ports and easy adjustments provide an ideal applications of Process. This economical instrument provides precision air pressure regulation to actuators, valves, positioner and other final control elements.
•Required DC Supply 4 to 20 mA- 10 to 12 volt Current
Electronic Pressure Regulator
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Controller
Input SignalConversion
Pneumatic Amplifieroptional
Output signalGenerator
Output signalConversion
Input Signal Conversion;- The pneumatic input is converted to Mechanical Motion positioner used pneumatic Amplifier in such cases.Out put Signal:- A Mechanical motion causes a directional control valve to change position & supply Air the actuator, positioner gain will normally developed here usually through signal action.
Input Signal Conversion (I/P) :- The input signal sent positioner is two way
•A Pneumatic signalA Pneumatic signal can (3-15 psig) ( 6-30 psig) (3-27 Psig) Air directly from controller
•An Electrical signalAn Electrical signal (4-20 mA- 10 volt) from controller that is converted to a pneumatic signal by current to pneumatic (I/P) convector or Voltage to pneumatic ( E/P) convertThat is either external or internal to the positioner and regulate valve funection.
Signal Logice
Positioner unit Control valve
Feed back
To control valve
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Pressure Loss in ValvesPressure Loss in Valves
g
V
D
Lf
g
VK
ph
g
VKE
eqvv
v
22
2
22
2
g
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ph
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eqvv
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Function of valve type and valve Function of valve type and valve positionposition
The complex flow path through The complex flow path through valves can result in high head loss valves can result in high head loss (of course, one of the purposes of a (of course, one of the purposes of a valve is to create head loss when it valve is to create head loss when it is not fully open)is not fully open)
EEvv are the loss in terms of velocity are the loss in terms of velocity headsheads
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Determine for valve head Determine for valve head lossloss
1. Globe Valve -25 NB Fluid velocity-1.5 m/sec
2. Gate valve Valve -100 NB Fluid velocity-1.2 m/sec
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Guide line for Making V/V specification• Type of valve (Ball , Gate, Globe, Butterfly)
• Size of valves ( Ex. 25 NB / 100 NB)
• End connections ( Screwed, Socketweld, Butweld,Flanged)
• Pressure Rating Class (#150 #300, #600,#800 )
• Body material ( Forged/ Casting)
• Trim of valves ( Hard face, stalite)
• Seat ( PTFE, Nylon, Metal)
• Operation ( Lever, Gear, Motorized)
• Ex….Ball valve 100 NB Flange end class 300 Body.A216 trim 13% cr, metal seat Lever operated…
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STRAINERSSTRAINERS
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FunctionFunction
• Strainers is to be used for piping design systemTo be remove foreign partial form water. ie sand, piping corrosive partial from Process Fluids.• Strainers are available for CI, CS,SS of fabricated from pipe shell or Plate.
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Y-Type StrainerY-Type Strainer
Note:- Y- type strainer to be fixed in piping line always horizontal of pipe axis.
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Basket strainerBasket strainerBasket strainer to be provided in Booster pump line , i.e. Shower system.SS wire mesh size 80 mesh/ 0.25micron
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Conical StrainerConical Strainer•Conical strainer to be provided in large flow rate piping system, i.e. Cooling tower.• While fixing in piping system provide removal spool before strainer• SS wire mesh size 80 mesh/ 0.25micron
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Auto / on line StrainerAuto / on line StrainerAutomatic Motorized operate, self cleaning Auto Strainer.Uses for continuo's operating system
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Strainer SpecificationStrainer Specification
• Type;- Y type / Basket• Media:- water , air & oil• Size inlet/out :- 100 NB • Inlet flow rate:- 50 M3 / hr • Pressure drop:- 0.6 to 1 bar. • End connection:- Flanged / Threaded• Steel wire mesh:- 0.50u / 80 mesh • Body material :- CI / CS / SS/ fabricated
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Steam Generation & Condensate Steam Generation & Condensate RecoveryRecovery
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Ball Float Steam trapBall Float Steam trapCondensate is discharged when the rising level of condensate lifts a float attached to a level valve. A thermostatically operated vent discharges air from the top of the trap. Condensate is discharged continuously as it collects in the trap body.
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Thormostatic Steam TrapThormostatic Steam Trap Operate on the difference in temperature between steam and condensate. When condensate reaches the trap, the filled thermal element opens a pilot valve to allow limited flow. Drain condensate continuously, closing only in the absence of condensate
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Inverted Bucket TrapInverted Bucket Trap
Inverted bucket trap As the level of condensate rises, it is discharged. Inverted bucket traps require water, called the prime, within the bucket to operate. This trap is most appropriate for steady loads such as on distribution systems. Condensate is discharged intermittently.
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Thermodynamic Steam Thermodynamic Steam TrapTrapHave a disk situated on a central orifice. As condensate
pressure builds, it lifts the disk, passes through the orifice at the centre of the disk and exits through smaller orifices surrounding the disk. Flash steam builds up pressure on top of the disk and closes the orifice. Condensate is discharged intermittently.
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STEM TRAP STEM TRAP MOUNTINGSMOUNTINGS
Separator
Valve
Strainer
Condensate drain
valve
valveFlot ball trap
Inv.Bucket trap
Thermo Dy.trap
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OIL SEPERATOR /FILTEROIL SEPERATOR /FILTER
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Ball float trap SpecificationBall float trap Specification• Type;- Steam trap ball float• Size inlet/out :- 80 NB • PN / class :- 10 /150• Inlet flow rate:- 50 M3 / hr • Design pressure:- 6 bar. • Design temperature :- 220oC• Capacity :- 250 kg/hr• Back pressure:- 1 bar• End connection:- Flanged ANSI
B16.5• Body material :- A126 Gr WCB• Float Ball ;- SS 304
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Thermodynamic trap Thermodynamic trap SpecificationSpecification
• Type;- Steam trap thermodynamic
• Size inlet/out :- 25 Nb• Class :- #800• Inlet flow rate:- 50 M3 / hr • Design pressure:- 6 bar. • Design temperature :- 220oC• Capacity :- 100 kg/hr• Back pressure :- 1 bar• End connection:- Socketweld, ANSI
B16.11 • Body material :- A A105• Internals ;- SS 304
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HYDRAULICE HOSEHYDRAULICE HOSE
1.1. Matelice hose Matelice hose PipesPipes
2.2. Rubber hose Rubber hose pipespipes
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HYDRAULICE PIPING VIEWHYDRAULICE PIPING VIEW
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HYDRAULICE END HYDRAULICE END CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS
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HYDRAULICE FITTINGSHYDRAULICE FITTINGS
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HYDRAULICEHYDRAULICEPOWERPACK&VALVESPOWERPACK&VALVES
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Hydraulics Power PackHydraulics Power Pack Hydraulic Power SupplyHydraulic Power Supply
PumpPump Check valveCheck valve AccumulatorAccumulator Pressure relief valvePressure relief valve
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Pneumatic vs HydraulicPneumatic vs Hydraulic
Common advantagesCommon advantages Power actuationPower actuation Move significant loadsMove significant loads
PneumaticPneumatic Compliance of airCompliance of air Mostly binary controlMostly binary control LightweightLightweight
HydraulicHydraulic ExpensiveExpensive Weight – heavyWeight – heavy Precision controlPrecision control Heavy LoadHeavy Load
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Hyd.Control ValvesHyd.Control Valves
Directional controlDirectional control On-off (binary)On-off (binary) Spool valveSpool valve
Most commonMost common Requires three portsRequires three ports
Port 1 is air supplyPort 1 is air supply Port 2 goes to actuatorPort 2 goes to actuator Port 3 ventsPort 3 vents Only actuates in one directionOnly actuates in one direction
Five port spool valveFive port spool valve Port 1 is air supplyPort 1 is air supply Port 2 goes to actuator extensionPort 2 goes to actuator extension Port 3 vents actuator extensionPort 3 vents actuator extension Port 4 goes to actuator Port 4 goes to actuator
retractionretraction Port 5 vents actuator retractionPort 5 vents actuator retraction
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Control ValvesControl Valves
Direction controlDirection control Poppet valvePoppet valve
Two portsTwo ports Port 1 SupplyPort 1 Supply Port 2 ActuatorPort 2 Actuator
No return or No return or ventingventing
Controls the flow Controls the flow of fluid mediumof fluid medium
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Hydraulic SymbolsHydraulic Symbols
TankTank
Pressure ReliefPressure Relief Dashed line is Dashed line is pilotpilot actuated actuated
Two position two way valveTwo position two way valve NO, plunger activated, spring NO, plunger activated, spring
return… return… PP for pressure port for pressure port Three position four way valveThree position four way valve
3 psn (boxes), 3 psn (boxes), PP pressure, pressure, TT tank, tank, BB port, port, AA port, port, C1C1 solenoid, solenoid, C2C2 solenoid, spring solenoid, spring returnreturn
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Hydraulic Symbols (cont.)Hydraulic Symbols (cont.)
ActuatorActuator Two ports, double Two ports, double
acting: extension, acting: extension, retractionretraction
PumpPump Triangle points Triangle points
out for pump and out for pump and in for motor, in for motor, arrow indicates arrow indicates variablevariable
Mystery ValveMystery Valve
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Review of symbolsReview of symbols
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ActuatorsActuators
HydraulicHydraulic PneumaticPneumatic Single actingSingle acting Double actingDouble acting QuestionsQuestions
Actuation?Actuation? Neutral positionNeutral position
SizingSizing 1500 psi wp1500 psi wp ±±100 kip100 kip ±±0.2 inches0.2 inches Find cylinder Find cylinder
size, flow rate in size, flow rate in gal/mingal/min
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Valves FunectionValves Funection..
If the pump is the heart of a hydraulic system then the valve is the brain.
Valves are used to perform a large variety of governing and controlling functions.
Function:
• Pressure control valves
• flow control valves
• check valves (non-return valves)
• directional control valves
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Valves TypesValves Types..Pressure control valves:Pressure control valves:
• pressure relief valves
• pressure reducing valves
Pressure relief valve
Has the task to limit the pressure in a hydraulic system or in a part of the system.
The pressure can rise in a hydraulic system if:
• pressure difference valve
• pressure ratio valve
- the flow rate from the pump is larger than the flow rate through the actuator
- the volume of a closed system is reduced
- the load of the actuator rises
- heat is introduced into a closed system
- the hydraulic resistance of the system rises
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Pressure relief valvePressure relief valveHydraulic aggregate:Hydraulic aggregate:
The simplest hydraulic system
Pump + pressure relief valve
M
Qrv
Qag userQp psys
reservoir
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Pressure relief valvePressure relief valve
The pressure relief valve always has to be matched with the pump.
If for example the rotational speed is increased (orange curve) then there will be flow through the aggregate even with higher pressure. Wrong!
The last section of the curve has to be at the negative Q plane.
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Pilot Pilot OOperated perated PPreassure relief reassure relief valvevalve
fc
AkC
2
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Pressure relief vPressure relief valvesalvesPilot-operated pPilot-operated pressure relief valveressure relief valve
1 - főszelep, 2 - elővezérlő szelep,3 - főtolattyú, 4 - 5 - 11 - fojtás,6 - 7 - 13 - vezérlő vezeték,8 - szeleptest, 9 - rugó,15 - tehermentesítés
1 - Main valve
2 - Pilot valve
3 – Main spool
4 - 5 - 11 - Throttle
6 - 7 - 13 - Operation line
8 - Valve body
9 - Spring
15 - Discharging
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Pressure Reducing valvePressure Reducing valvess
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DDirect Operated check Valveirect Operated check Valvess
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Flow Control ValveFlow Control Valvess
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ValvesValves
FormForm a) Spherical
b) c) d) e) Conical
Poppet valve
f) Plate
g) Spool valve
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Pressure relief valvePressure relief valve
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Air Control AccessoriesAir Control Accessories
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Storage WellStorage Well
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Surface ConfigurationSurface Configuration
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Cylinder Bank –Cylinder Bank –Compressed Gas Compressed Gas Bulk SystemBulk System