Value chain Analysis Irrigated Horticultural Crops and Fodder

Oromia Region Group Work

Group members 1. Ato Tadesse Kudhema

2. Ato Seyoum Etana

3. Dr. Amenu Oljira

4. Ato Awol Sultan

5. Ato Tesefaye Moreda

6. Dr. Bultuma Keno

7. Dr. Tilahun Geleto

13. Dr. Ephrem Tesema

Group members

8. Ato Edossa Etissa

9. Ato Abera Ketema

10. Ato Andarge Senbeta

11. Ato Nigatu Alemayehu

12. Dr. Abule Ebro

13. W/t Fanos Mekonen

14 Ato Bekele Nigirti

vegetables

Constituents/stages of the value chain

1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)•  other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Packaging materials• Labour(skilled and unskilled)

Const. con…

• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

Stages con…

1.2. Production

• Management– Irrigation facility mgt

– Nursery operations

– agronomic practice

– seed production

– irrigation water management

• Harvesting and post harvest activities

• Product quality

1.3.storage

1.4. Suitable containers and transportation

1.5. Processing/Packing

Stages…

1.6. Marketing

• Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men)

• Selling price(farm gate and market price)• Market infrastructure and centres(location

• Quality and standards

FunctionsStages of VC Actors Functions

Supply of inputs Private merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers

Supply inputs for the producers

Production Private leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms

Involved in production and supply of irrigated vegetables for end users and processors

Transporting and storing

Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers

Deliver and store until the product reaches end users

Processors Limited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti

Value addition to the product

Marketing Producers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops

Distribute the product, decide on prices

Consumption Urban and rural inhabitants Buy and utilize the products

Services provided and service providers

Stages of VC Service provided Service providers

Supply of inputs Credit service Coops,Micro finance instns

Production ,pump & irrigation facility maintenance ,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals ,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns

BWME,BOA,individuals,NGOs,research and academic institutions,WUA

Transporting and storing Truck owners Transport the product

Processing **** ***

Consumption *** ***

Vision model of the value chain

We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated vegetable production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.

 

Sub visions modelStages of VC Visions

Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers

Production Increased production/productivity of quality vegetables through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base

Transporting and storing

Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of vegetable products 

Processing Increased number of processing companies that add value to vegetable products

Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers

Consumption Healthy and quality nutrition from vegetable consumption

Constraints

Production• Knowledge Gap in disease and pest

Identification• Pesticide and fertilizer application lacks

Scientific background• Poor agronomic practice• Watering frequency and amount is not based

on crop water requirement .  

Constraint…• Up -Down Stream Issue( Watershed manag’mt)• Water Pump and accessories cost and taxation• Maintenance of pumps and canals • Salinity, Siltation and Conservation • Residual impact of Pesticides and fertilization • Infrastructure in the west( Road, institutions, • Collective Ownership• Resource Use and Human Factors( willingness,

interest, motivation, behaviors, participation )

Constraint…

Input Supply and Services• Assessment of varieties suitability to ecology• Hybreeds are used for subsequent

production• No regulation on quality, expiry date, storage • Inputs provided by non-professionals and

supply inconsistency • New varieties/technologies are not released

frequently and multiplication is a problem

Constraint…

Processing and Market• Limited Value addition through processing• 25-35% losses due to post harvest handling• Shortage of containers and transportation• Bruising and damage during picking, packing

and transport• Price is not based on quality and grading• Few traders dominate the market• Limited market information and intelligence

Linkage• Linkage Between producers and technology

generators is not strong. Only Model farmers• Linkage B/n consumers/supermarkets and

producers/technology generators is weak.• Extension service providers linkage with

technology generators is not strong • Unions, traders have weak linkage with other

actors

Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export

promotion and import substitution )– Increased demand for vegetable consumption due to

population growth and incomes– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing vegetables

Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision

• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology

• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

Required Services

• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.

• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors

• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate 

and etc) 

Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision

• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources

Fruits

Constituents/stages of the value chain

1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)•  other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Packaging materials• Labour(skilled and unskilled)

Const. con…

• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

Stages con…

1.2. Production

• Management– Irrigation facility mgt and water sources

– Nursery operations

– agronomic practice

– seed production

– irrigation water management

• Harvesting and post harvest activities

1.3.storage

1.4. Suitable containers and transportation

1.5. Processing/Packing

Stages…

1.6. Marketing

• Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men)

• Selling price(farm gate and market price)• Market infrastructure and centers(location)

• Quality and standards

FunctionsStages of VC Actors Functions

Supply of inputs Private merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers

Supply inputs for the producers

Production Private leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms

Involved in production and supply of irrigated fruits for end users and processors

Transporting and storing

Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers

Deliver and store until the product reaches end users

Processors Limited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti

Value addition to the product

Marketing Producers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops

Distribute the product, decide on prices

Consumption Urban and rural inhabitants Buy and utilize the products

Services provided and service providers

Stages of VC Service provided Service providers

Supply of inputs Credit service Coops,Micro finance instns

Production ,pump & irrigation facility maintenance ,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals ,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns

BWME,BOA,individuals,NGOs,research and academic institutions,WUA

Transporting and storing Truck owners Transport the product

Processing **** ***

Consumption *** ***

Vision model of the value chain

We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated fruit production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.

 

Sub visions modelStages of VC Visions

Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers

Production Increased production/productivity of quality fruits through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management basis

Transporting and storing

Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of fruits 

Processing Increased number of processing companies that add value to fruits products

Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers

Consumption Healthy and quality nutrition from fruit consumption

Constraints

Input supply• Shortage of Scions• Agro-chemicals are not available for fruits• Shortage of Sprayer • Seedlings distributed by MoA are from unknown

source • Eg. Avocado Type A and B, Papaya male and female Production• Disease ( eg Citrus)

• Farmers are not willing to plant Fruit( Long growth period )

 

• Low volume of production and productivity • Knowledge gap in fruit management and nursery• Chat and coffee are replacing/competing• Agro-ecological suitability assessment• Some of traditionally Known fruits are under threat• Urban and rural backyard fruit growing changed to

decoration Marketing and Processing• Poor packages and transportation• Poor Quality• Limited processing• Price is fixed by Traders

Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export

promotion and import substitution strategies)– Increased demand for fruit consumption due to

population growth and incomes– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing fruits

Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision

• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology

• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

Required Services

• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.

• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors

• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate 

and etc) 

Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision

• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources

Fodder

Stages

1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)•  other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Labour(skilled and unskilled)

Fodder con…

• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

Fodder1.2. Production

• Management– Nursery operations

– agronomic practice

– seed production

– irrigation water management

• Harvesting and post harvest activities

• Product quality

1.3.storage

1.4. Suitable containers and transportation

1.5. Processing/Packing

1.6. Marketing

Market information

Selling price

Market infrastructure

Quality and standards

C. FodderFunctions of the chain actors at the different stages

2.1. Producers

Small holder farmers

Cooperatives

Private

2.2. Input suppliers (supply of inputs)

– Private

– Unions

– Research centers (Not continuous)

– Universities (Not frequently)

– NGOs (Not frequently)

– Farmer to farmer

C. Fodder

– Water, mineral and energy Bureau

– Bureau of Agriculture

2.3. Processors

– Private

2.4. Marketing

– Unions

– Smallholders

– Private

Fodder

III. the services provided and the services providers at each stage of the chain

3.1. Services provided (Gender balanced)

• Pump rent and maintenance

• Canal maintenance

• Spraying

• Extension service (field-day and advisory)

• Credit service

• Capacity building (education, short term training, tour, on job training )

•  

Fodder3.2. Service providers

• Public

–BOA

–BWME

–Oromia ARI

– EIAR

–Universities

–Cooperative agency

–Others

• Cooperatives and Unions

• Water users associations

• Private sector

• NGO

C. Fodder

IV. vision/model of the value chain

Vision: We envisage an increased income and improved livelihood of small scale farmers through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use for fodder production on sustainable natural resource basis.

 

Actor Sub-VisionInput supplier Provision of inputs in the required quantity, quality,

affordability and timely for the producer

Provide quality and quantity inputs timely which will satisfy the target groups

Service providers Effective and efficient service delivery system on sustainable base in the value chain system

Provision of services by the private sector in accordance with the needs of fodder farmers

Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system and commercialization of fodder

Production Increased production/productivity of quality fodder through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base

C. Fodder

• V. Identify constraints and opportunities and opportunities to realize the vision

5.1. Constraints

•  5.1.1. Input

– Shortage of improved forage seeds and planting materials

– Shortage of agrochemicals

 

Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export

promotion and import substitution strategies)– Increased demand for livestock and livestock products

consumption due to population growth and incomes(internal and foreign market)

– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing feeds

Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision

• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology

• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

Required Services

• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.

• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors

• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate 

and etc) 

Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision

• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources