valley of the latin bear

8/12/2019 Valley of the latin bear

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The Valley of the Latin Bear

byALEXANDER LENARD

with pen-and-ink sketches by the author

Foreword by Robert Graves

E. P. DUTTON & CO., INC.

NEW YORK -- 1965


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Characters and events portrayed in this book represent a cross-section of people and happenings I have

known throughout my life in Brazil and elsewhere up to a few years ago! "s reflections of my cumulative

e#periences they are I hope accurate in essence! For obvious reasons however most names of living people

and most place names used in the book are fictitious!

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FOREWORD

by Robert Graves

Ale!"#e$ Le"!$# % '(")!$%!" by b%$*+ !"#, l%e * e#(/!*e# '(")!$%!" 0 +% )e"e$!*%", ! ly)l*3$%*e ! 4e$y l(/%#, ("!00e/*e# E")l%+, e! %* 3%*+(* !"y #%/e$"%ble !//e"*. 'e +! ! 3ell-"%* b#y, ! (%e* l!()+,

!" %$"-)$!y /($ly be!$#, !"# *3 #e#%/!*e# $0e%" e#%/%"e !"# e*$y.

T+()+ ! e$e*(!lly #%l!/e# e$" e4e$ %"/e *+e /le 0 *+e F%$* W$l# W!$73+e" +% 0!%ly )* 3e*

+ele ( !"# #3" *+e 8!l!"7+e !"!)e# #($%") ! b$%e0 l(ll, 0$ 192 * 19:2, * *!e +% e#%/!l #e)$ee !*

;%e""!.


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8*+ ! ! +y%/%!" !"# ! e*7+e 3$%*e e %" @e$!" !"# '(")!$%!", b(* ee !* +% (%"*ee"*%!l be* %"

L!*%"7D$. Le"!$# +! 0el* b("# * *$e!* ele lely ! *+eel4e, $!*+e$ *+!" ! /l!%0%!ble /%l)%/!l e/%e".

A"# *+% % 3+!* !e 'he (alley of the )atin Bear ! $e!l b.

I $e/e"# %* 3+le+e!$*e#ly.

T 0$e*!ll !"y %"4%#%( /!$%" be*3ee" D$. Ale!"#e$ Le"!$# !"# D$. Albe$*


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I

T+e /+($/+ % 0%lle# !"# *+e 0!%*+0(l l%*e" * *+e e$". T+e %"%*e$ ee el!%"%") 3+!* A#4e"* e!" !"#

3+e$e %* %)"%0%/!"/e l%e. W+e" +e +! *+e %$e%" *+!* *+e /")$e)!*%" % "* l%*e"%") !**e"*%4ely e"()+, 3%*+ +%+e!4y $%#%") b* +e %/ *+e *e!/+e$ #e *+!* e$4e ! ! (l%*.

T+e /")$e)!*%" ee * $e)!$# l%*e"%") ! *+e le!* %$*!"* !$* 0 #%4%"e e$4%/e. W+!* % $e!lly %$*!"* %

)e**%") %"* "e

3$e*/+e# !"# %e$!ble 3$l# O$ !$e y( e$+! ("!3!$e *+!* *+% 3$l#7*+% 3$l# 0 *e/+"%/!l !$4el, *+% 3$l# 0

($ $(# /e"*($y7% 0%lle# 3%*+ 4e$*y !"# %e$yJ ?!"y 0 ( #el%be$!*ely /le *+e%$ eye * *+e (00e$%") 0 *+e%$

0ell3 e"7!"# "* "e 0 y(, 0$ ! %")le #!y %" +% l%0e, +! e4e$ )"e +(")$y

8y *+% *%e *+e $e!#e$ 3%ll +!4e l* !ll /"0%#e"/e %" y *!*ee"*. L%**le @e$!" )%$l )%") * /+($/+ b!$e0* "

A#4e"* (* * !"y l%e 0$ *+ee 0e3 !$!)$!+

I +(bly !l)%e. I +(l# 0%$* +!4e 3$%**e", ! l!y3$%)+* # %lace+ the ,outhern *emisphere! ore specificallythe village of .onna Irma in southern Brazil! 'ime+ shortly before Christmas/in other words deep summer!

T+e$e !$e /%*%e l%e Re 3+e "!e $e("# !ll 4e$ *+e )lbe. T3e"*y %le 0$ +e$e, "ly ! 0e3 *!l /le$

"3 3+e$e *+e 4%ll!)e 0 D""! I$! *!"#. I* !y be e!%e$ * el!%" %0 3e *!$* *+% 3!y

Pele %" E($e +!e *+e%$ +e!# %0 "e *$!4el * 8$!%l. B8$!%lJ T+!* $e!lly *+e e"# 0 *+e 3$l# R% #e !"e%$J

I"* *+!* 3+e$e *+e Ne)$e %"4e"*e# *+e !b! !"# *+e C!$"%4!l l!* % "*+J W+%le *+e Carioca $ $(# /%*%e"

0 B*+e 3$l# * be!(*%0(l /%*y, %le y!*+e*%/!lly 3+e" *+e /"4e$!*%" *($" * y )e**%")

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I*!>!% R%4e$, y( 3%ll /e * *+e e"# 0 *+e 3$l#

!%7*+e 4%ll!)e *+!* #($%") W$l# W!$ II +!#

*+e %0$*("e 0 be%") $e/+$%*e"e# Te"e"*e @$e)$%7/"%#e$ *+eel4e ! $e%#%") !* *+e /e"*e$, "* " *+e (*e$ $%

0 *+e 3$l#.

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0!/*$y, !##le$, b(*/+e$, 3!*/+!e$7y(4e )* ! "%/e *3" * l%4e %" +e$e N !4ee"*J T+e$e !$e *$ee* l%)+* !"# +e

3+ % "* *e3e# 3"* *(ble O0 /($e, %0 y( 3!"* * #$%4e 0$ !"*+e$ +($ ( *+e ("*!%", *+$()+ *+e 0$e*,

!"# !l") *+e R%eel b$7*+e$e, ye, *+e$e y( willbe $%)+* !* *+e e"# 0 *+e 3$l#T+!* % 3+e$e D""! I$! *!"#. '3 +!4e I bee" /!* ( +e$eJ

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I 3! b$" be0$e *+e F%$* W$l# W!$. I0 I !y b$%e0ly /%*e T!lley$!"#, l%)+*ly 4!$y%") +% 3$# BT+ey 3+

#%# "* l%4e be0$e *+e )$e!* $e4l(*%" "3 "* *+e 3ee*"e 0 l%0e!I 3! *%ll %" *%e * ee *+e b$%)+*, 0(ll #!y 3+e"e4e$y"e /(l# l!y +% l!" ! l") *%e !+e!#.

?!y I be 0$)%4e" 0$ !%") 00 *+e 3$l# +%*$y ! y 3"J %/%"). A $("# *3e$ 0 l!4e 0$ *+e l#%e$ *# " *+e *$ee* /$"e$.= I bel%e4e *+!* 3! *+e l!* +!y #!y

*+!* !"%"# 3! e4e$ * "3.

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O"e *+%") I "e3, +3e4e$ *+e #%/*!*$ e"l!4e *+e%$ 4%/*% 3%*+ /+!%" 0 !e$. I %"/$%be# y "!e " " l%*

!"# %" " $e)%*$y 0 *e"!"*, * y e%$e# !$* * " /"(l!*e, !"# %0 I !*e 4e$y l%**le b$e!#, I !*e %* 3%*+(* !

b$e!#-$!*%" /!$#. e/* ! Re"!%!"/e $ee!$/+ " *+e %#"ey !"# +$"e *$e!*e"* %" *+e !"/%e"*

3$l#.

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(%/ !"# !%"*%") be/!e $e !"# $e ee"*%!l * e. F$ ! l") 3+%le I *!$4e# %" !" !$*%* *(#%. @e$!" +ell

"e #!y *$(/ *+e 3e!*+e$// 0 *+e /+($/+ !/$ *+e *$ee*. T+e" !%4e $e%*!"/e 3! " l")e$ (00%/%e"*, !"# I

>%"e# *+e $!" 0 *+e 3+ *+e" eee# 0e3, !"# 3+e "(be$ )$e3 ($$%%")ly !0*e$ *+e 3!$.

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l3ly = b(* "e 4e$y be!(*%0(l #!y *+ey 3e$e %" Re. T+ey !$/+e# %" l") /l(" *+$()+ *+e #( 0 e4e"%").

T+e$e!0*e$ I /"*%"(e# * ) +(")$y, b(* 3%*+ *+e !*%0y%") e"e 0 be%") !ble * 3$ %" *+e le!0le* e/*%" 0 *+e

Py/+l)%/!l W!$0!$e 8$!"/+. I *+e" be/!e 00%/%!l #/*$ 0 *+e U"%*e#


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III

D""! I$! *+e *3" %" *+% +!y 4!lley 3! $e/+$%*e"e# Pe#$ (*%/e 0 *+e e!/e, !"# *+e$ 00%/e. BWe +!4e ! P$*e*!"* /+($/+73%*+ ! +!$"%(7! C!*+l%/ /+!el !"# "e 3!ll

0 *+e /+($/+ %*el0 0%"%+e#, ! +!$!/y, !" %"" 3%*+ ! $ 0$ #!"/%"), ! /+l, ! e/+!"%/. O($ b(*/+e$ /!" !l (ll

!"# 0%ll *ee*+. I* "* l%e Ne3 e$%/+ +e$e7*+!* *+e e"# 0 *+e 3$l#

N*+%") %$$%*!*e *+e Ne3 e$%/+ ele $e *+!" (/+ *!*ee"*. F$ e!le, *+e$e y( 3%ll 0%"# +eee$ !"#

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!%"*e# ! ! +!y, %", Ne3 Ye!$ (/l%") %). P/+%* $(##y /le%" #eee" %0 !"y"e /!ll +% 4%ll!)e *+e

*%/. BT+e b( *e$%"!l % +e$e, +e /$%e, B!"# 3+!* !b(* *+e ele/*$%/ l%)+* 3e +!4e73e #"* * ee%") !* e4e"

+e$e ?y *$e ell e4e$y*+%") y( /(l# )e* %" 8l(e"!( '!*, "!%l, /+!be$ *, $+e(!*% $ee#y, y!$# )#,

/y*+e7%" 0!/*, e4e$y*+%") A"# 3e +!4e 8( 0!( +"ey-/!e 0!/*$y !"# b!e$y +e$e. 8( b(" @ " *

I*!"#(4! %0 y( l%e7*+!* $e!lly is *+e e"# 0 *+e 3$l#

8(* %" I*!"#(4! *+e$e % *%ll ! %#3%0e, !"# bey"# I*!"#(4!, !0*e$ *$!4e$%") l") 4!lley !"# /$%") !"y $%#)e7

b*+ *+e @e$!" !"# *+e P$*()(ee /!ll *+e serras7y( *%ll ee* ele e4e$y3+e$e. '($ bey"# *+e l!* ele/*$%/

b(lb *+e$e !$e *%ll +(e, +(*, !"# l%**le )!$#e" *+e$e !$e *%ll *$ee * 00e$ y( ! e!$.

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+e 3e$e %" "e 0 *+e %/*($e /!*%"e# B


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e$%# 3e$e 3e! *+!* *+ey le* *+eel4e be $(le# by ! /(le 0 ("%"*ell%)e"* $3#%e7!"# 4e$ +e$e *+ey !$e 3e!

*+!* *+e%$ 0ee* # "* /!$$y *+e bey"# *+e e"# 0 *+e *$ee*/!$ l%"e.

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@e$!" e**le$ e* +% 0* !"# +% b("#le (" *+e %l 0

*+e e4e"* ("# !l* l%e ! 0!%$y *!le.

L(% P+%l%e $e%)"e# %" F$!"/e *+e" +e 3! /!lle# *+e C%*%e" K%") !"# ele *#!y $eebe$ l%**le !b(* +%

e/e* *+!* +e +!# ! e!$-+!e# 0!/e *+!* /!$*"%* e">ye#. 'e #e/%#e#7 *+!* +% "!e 3(l# be e"*%"e# 3%*+ *+!*

0 *+e be**e$-"3" N!le"7* +!4e *+e ele*!l $e!%" 0 *+e Ee$$ b$()+* b!/ 0$ T+e "e3ly3e# !%le# * F$!"/e7*+!* +%*$y !)!%"73+e$e *+ey !$$%4e# >(* %" *%e 0$ *+e 1H $e4l(*%". I* 3! !

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'!b($) 3! 0("#e#, *+!* ! !ll $!%l$!# 3! b(%l* !l") *+e I*!>!% R%4e$, 3+e$e %* *%ll e$!*e l/*%4e *+!*

ele3+e$e 3(l# be *$e!($e# %" +%*$%/!l (e(, !"# *+!* *+e /l"%*70!$e$ !$e /!lle# /l"%* +e$e, !"# ! %e/e

0 l!"# ! colonia /l"y7!**!/e# *+e 0$e* 3%*+ ! !"# !3, *+e 4%$)%" %l 3%*+ !#e !"# +e. T+e%$ 0%$* "e3!e$

3! /!lle# 'he Forest Courier!T+ey 3e$e 4e$y #%00e$e"*. T+ey #ee$4e * +!4e *+e%$ *$y *l#. T+e Ae$%/!" 3+ (+e# 3e*3!$# %" *+e%$

/4e$e# 3!)", 0()+* *+e I"#%!", !"# 0("#e# /%*%e !$e le)e"#!$y +e$e "3. T+e e**le$ 0

4atharinenser ! *+ey /!ll *+eel4e, !$e *%ll 3!%*%") 0$ *+e%$ e%/ * be 3$%**e", !"# *+ey 3%ll 3!%* %" 4!%". ?!"%"# %

/"#e"e# * $eebe$ "ly 3+!* +! bee" 3$%**e", !"# "*+%") 0 *+ee l%4e 3! 0%e# " !e$. T+e 0%$* )e"e$!*%"

0()+* *+e 0$e* !"# +! #%!e!$e# *#!y ("#e$ *+e 0e$", l%e *+e * $e*e +e$e. T+e 0e$" 3%ll )$3 #e"e$, !"#

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3+e l!")(!)e *+ey # "* ("#e$*!"#.

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+e +!# !#4/!*e# %* %" @e$!".

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B4atharinenser!

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26/80

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A"# l(/%ly 0$ P%%"e**%, 3e#l/ % !" ee"*%!l. T+e e!le 0 b!/+el$ +3 +3 b!#ly e" 0!$e %0 *+ey 3!"*

* # 3%*+(* *+e /e$e"y. A l"ely !" %" *+e 0$e* )e* l*. A 3%#3e$ % !ble * ) " +e +! *+%$*y $ 0$*y ye!$

0 /+l%") !"# "3 +e (*3!+ #%+e !"# *$(e$. 8(* ! b!/+el$J T+e$e % ! !" /!lle# @!* Pe*e$ 3+ l%4e "* 0 *+eserra! 'e /(l# e!%ly +!4e 0("# ! )%$l +e +!# e"()+ /le!$e# l!"#, le"*y 0 0$e* !/$e!)e, !"# +% 0l/ 0

)!* = b(* +e +!# $e!# *$!")e b *+% 3! *%ll be0$e *+e


28/80


29/80

I +!# (e# *+e $%)+* %"*"!*%". 'e $e!l%e# *+!* ! /$%e +!# %* !#4!"*!)e. A"# +% )$!"#" +!# " $e

3$.

BWell, )%4e e *+e b!$#, +e !%#. B8(* %* 3%ll "e4e$ be *+e !e !)!%". T3e"*y ye!$, y( ee O"e )e* !"

!00e/*%" e4e" 0$ ! #e* b(%l#%"). ?e$%e=

BY( !$e $%)+*, I !#%**e#. BA "e3 b(%l#%") % "e4e$ (%*e *+e l# "e.

T+!* 3! +3 I !4%#e# /"0$"*%") P%%"e**% 3%*+ ! le)!l $ble. O0 /($e, +e ee* *+e !"y+3. T+e l!y!"

+! *+e %ll(%" *+!* le)%l!*$ +!4e 0$eee" e4e$y /!e !"# *+!* >(#)e +!4e "*+%") ele * # b(* !ly *+e $(le %"

!$*%/(l!$ /!e. T+e %le >(#%/%!l $/e#($e %" D""! I$! $4e *+e /"*$!$y ! /"4%"/%")ly ! *+e #e/%%" 0 *+e


30/80

b(* *%$ee. T+e$e % "e%*+e$ ! +"e "$ ! *ele)$!+ e$4%/e. T+e "e* 0 3%$e 3+%/+ +! /!()+* *+e 3$l# !"# ee %*

*)e*+e$ e"# e3+e$e b!/ 0 8l(e"!(. I"/%") le**e$ !$e "* #el%4e$e# b(* *$e#. I0 !"yb#y *+%" *+e$e %

e*+%") 0$ +% +e % !ll3e# * #%) %"* *+e %"/$e!%") +e!. 8e0$e C+$%*! ele 0l/ %" 3+ #e "* bel%e4e

%"

C+$%*! +e 3%ll )e* *+e $ely. @# O3" C+%l#$e" !"# ?e"""%*e $e/e%4e *+e%$ *$!/* e4e" 0$ *+e U"%*e#


31/80

VII

?y l!/e % !/$ 0$ P%%"e**%. I* *+e +!$!/y, *+e 00%/e, *+e 0%$*-!%# *!*%", !"# %* % "ly y 3"

0!(l* %0 %* % "* $e. ?y $e#e/e$ !l l# +e!*+%/ e#%/%"e, "*$(, b!"!"!, cacha8a, (e# !"*, Bb(ll-3#e$ 0$ %"#%00e$e"* *ee$, !"# !/*e# ! $e*!%l !"# 3+le!le e)) e$/+!"*. D/*$ R(be /!e 0$ L(be/ !"# e

!%l$ @e$!" 0$ +!4%") bee" +y%/%!" %" *+e @e$!" 0lee*.

I ! l%4%") %" R(be +(e !"# +!4e * be!$ *+e /"e(e"/e 0 +% !/*%4%*%e. T+e #%*$(* !)!%"* +% /"*%"(e !"#

I )e* * 0eel %*. T+!* *+e $e!" I +!4e * e! !b(* "e 3+ #e "* l%4e %" *+% 4!lley !"y $e.

T+e %"+!b%*!"* 0 *+e 4!lley +!4e "ly l%4e R(be +! ! b%)$!+y. T+e l%0e 0 ! E($e!" +! bee", %" *+% /e"*($y, !

"4el %" %*el0, >(* 3!%*%") 0$ !" !(*+$ * 3$%*e%*. 8lee# *+e 3+e l%4e /(l# "e4e$ be/e ! "4el, 0$ *+e%$ %

*+e K%")# 0 'e!4e". A I le!$"e# 0$ ($ /"*e$!$%e, +e +!# *(#%e# e#%/%"e, 3+%/+ +e #%# "* l%e, be/!(e

+% #/*$ 0!*+e$ 0$/e# +% *. BA* e!%"!*%" *%e, e"e *l# e, B+e l!ye# *+e $le 0 ! "e$4( *(#e"* 3+ %

>(* * +!y * ("!/ +% e"$( "3le#)e.

BE4e" %0 y( !$e !" !,

@ * R*/ !"# y( 3%ll !,

(*e# +% 0!*+e$, 3+ $%e# *+e $0e$ !* *+e U"%4e$%*y 0 R*/7!"y 0 *+e +% 3" 0ell3 *(#e"*7*+!*

+e 3(l# "* le* +% " le (" !"%"#. T+e 0!*+e$ e* +% $%e. T+e y(") !" +!# %"/l%"!*%" *+!* #$e3 +%

* *+e bl(e>!/e*, +e !l%e# 0$ ! /%%" %" *+e N!4y, 3+e$e +e +!# * *$e!* *3 #%e!e "ly.

A* *+e *%e 0 *+e (* *!"# *+e$e !"#

3"#e$. B'e$e %* 4e$y (/+ l%e


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O($ 0!*e % $(le# by *+e 3+% 0 /%"/%#e"/e. T+e b**le !e!$e# " *+e *!)e 0 e4e"*, >(* 3+e" I +!# 3" ! "%/e

( 0 "ey %" ! /"*e*. I ($/+!e# R(be ("!l!ble >(", +% +e!#e %"*e"* !"# +e!*+%/ *$!+ !*

+!ele $%/e, b(* 3%ll%")ly, be/!(e I "e3 I b()+* /l e4e"%"), #ee %le"/e, !"# *+e *!*e 0 0$e+, 3!$ %l !*

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0

'e$e+e be/!e ! le)e"#. I* 3! 3+%e$e# *+!* +% #) B;%" 3! *$!%"e# * b$%") +% /+%/e" +e !l3!y )* *+e

+e!#, "e/, !"# 3%") *% !"# le* " ! $%") !**$e, !"# *+!* +e +!# ("/$e3e# ! *%le* b!%" %" ! +*el !"# +!#

!"!)e# * ())le %* (* * be (e# %" +% /l%*e$l%e b!$#%")+(e.=

I* % ! +!"#%/! * be *+e (//e$ 0 ! #e%e# !". BT+e "e* % "e4e$ !"y be**e$, ele !y. BT+ey /e$*!%"ly 3e$e!l *+!* 3+y +e le0* +% +% l!/e. Pe!!"* !$e /!(*%(. T+ey !4%# +(e 3+e$e *+ey +!4e bee" %ll-*$e!*e# $

/+e!*e#. C+%l#$e" /!""* be #$!))e# *+$()+ #$ be+%"# 3+%/+ *+ey 3e$e $%/e# 3%*+ +e#, $(*y "ee#le. 8(* %"

%*e 0 e4e$y*+%"), y *+()+* 0*e" 4ee$ )$!*e0(lly *3!$# D$. R(be. I* 3! *+!" * +% %"*%"/* 0$ e*+# " *+e

b$#e$l%"e 0 le)!l%*y *+!* I *!$*e# $!/*%/%") e#%/%"esub specie apothecarii!

T+e %*(!*%" /!" be el!%"e# "ly by !" e!y " 8$!%l%!" le)!l >($%#%/*%". B8$!%l +! $e l!3 *+!" !"y *+e$

/("*$y, ! #e!$ "!*%4e 0$%e"# el!%"e# * e %" y !l* *+e !e $%)+* ! "!*%4e. A

/%*%e" 0 @! $ ?!/! !y *e!/+ +%*$y %" /+l, b(* "* ! ""-P$*()(ee *e!/+e$. T+e #%00e$e"/e be*3ee" ($b!"

!"# $($!l !$e! /!lle# B*+e I"*e$%$ % $"("/e# *+!* !"y ! l!3 "ly $e!/+e ! 0!$ ! *+e l!* * 0 *+e *$lley-

b(. BT+e I"*e$%$ % ! #%00e$e"* 3$l#, !"# *+e$e % ! *$y !b(* ! 8$!%l%!" 3+ *$!4ele# * Le '!4$e !"# *!ye# *+e$e.

BI ! "* %"*e$e*e# %" *+e I"*e$%$, +e !%#.

Le)%l!*$ +!# * %"4e"* e/%!l l!3 0$ *+e BI"*e$%$, $e e/%0%/!lly 0$ *+e *$% be*3ee" *+e /%*%e !"# *+e

* 3+e$e b%llb!$# !l")%#e *+e $!# !""("/e *+!* 0$ +e$e " *+e *!*e % " l")e$ $e"%ble 0$ 3+!* +!e"!"# e4e$yb#y +! * 0%)+* b!/ ! be* +e /!" %" /!e +e +(l# be !**!/e#.

T+e$e !$e e/%!l $e)(l!*%" 0$ #/*$ !"# +!$!/%* %" *+e I"*e$%$. T+e$e +! !l3!y bee" ! +$*!)e 0 #/*$

%"


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T+!* ! +!$!/%* !$e"*%/e be/e ! )e"e$!l $!/*%*%"e$ %" *+e I"*e$%$ 3! ! $%/ele %e/e 0 %"0$!*%" I

b*!%"e# 0$ D$. R(be. I 0eel #ee )$!*%*(#e, !"# %0 ($ /" !*%e"* /!ll +% !"# +% !"/e*$ "!e, I "e4e$ 0!%l

* e"*%" *+!* +e +!#, ("#e$ *+e *+%/ l!ye$ 0 0!*, ! +(!" +e!$*.

e$$!*( ancestors?

::


34/80

VIII

W+e" *+e *!*e, *+e ("!*%!ble "*e$, +! bee" !*%0%e# 3%*+ e!l, *!, !"# *!e, 3e !$e !ll3e# * *!$*

*+e $e +(!" *$())le 0$ ($ #!%ly b$e!#. I* % #(b*le e!%e$ +e$e, 3+e$e !" % ! $!$e$ !"%!l *+!" %" *+e !"* "e*/!lle# /%*%e, b(* %* % by " e!" e!y. I* % e(!lly #%00%/(l* e4e$y3+e$e * 0%)+* 0e4e$ !"# (l/e$, e(!lly +ele

e4e$y3+e$e * 0%)+* l# !)e !"# #e!*+. A"# +e$e 3e 0eel, *!"#%") be*3ee" !*%e"* !"# #/*$, "* "ly R(be )+* b(*

!l *+e #%00%#e"/e 0 *+e e!!"* !)!%"* *+e !" 0$ *3", 0 *+e l# /l"%* !)!%"* *+e "e3/e$, 0 *+e !" 3%*+ !

!$*%/(l!$ e* 0 3$# !"# 4!l(e !)!%"* +% 3+ )%4e !"*+e$ e!"%") * *+e. T+e 0$"*%e$!" % !$*%/(l!$ly 3!$y

0 *+e "e!$e* #/*$. BI0 +e "e3 +% >b +e 3(l# +!4e *!ye# 3+e$e +e /!e 0$. A >($"ey, l%e *+e %l)$%!)e %"

l#e" *%e, % ! !$* 0 *+e /($e. P!*%e"* 0$ D""! I$! *!e *+e b( * *+e +%*!l %" Te"e"*e @$e)$% *+e 0$

Te"e"*e @$e)$% *!$* 00 0$ 8l(e"!( ! " ! *+ey ee #!")e$. T+ey +el *+e 8l(e"!( #/*$ * !e ! l%4%"),

be/!(e *+e%$ 3e!l*+y !*%e"* l%*e" "ly * *+e%$ *e"*!*%4e #%!)"e !"# *+e" *+ey 0ly *


35/80

BWell, y( %)+* *!$* *$e!*%") e $%)+* !3!y I )* "e 0$ ! 3!" l!* 3ee %" R% #e P!/!, !"# %* ! b%* 0 !

"(%!"/e.

I* % +!$#ly %ble * !"*%/%!*e 3+!* 3%ll /$e!*e /"0%#e"/e +e$e !"# 3+!* 0!/*$ 3%ll #e*$y %*. A !*%e"*, !

+eee$ 3%0e, "/e e"*e$e# y be#$7I /!""* $eebe$ 3+y7!"# !3 *+e *+$ee $3 0 b 3+%/+ $e$ee"*,

$!*+e$ %*%0(lly, y l%b$!$y.

BT+e "e3 #/*$ %"* 3$*+ 4e$y (/+, +e *l# +e$ /(*e$ *+e !e #!y. BI 3e"* %"* +% $, !"# y( "3

3+!* +e +! +%##e" *+e$eJ 8 'e *%ll +! b 'e % "ly ! *(#e"*

?y $!/*%/e %$4e# !0*e$I +!# (00e$e# ! +e!$* !**!/. T+ey b$()+* e *+e /!$#%!/ /!e. B'e )* %* +%el0 +e

($e (* "3 !b(* %*.I +!4e le!$"e# ! )$e!* #e!l. I "3 "3 *+!* 3+e" ! 3!" !y, B?y +(b!"# % !l3!y >(%") (* 0 +% *$(e$,

%* e!" *+!* ! e/%0%/ !)!%"* #%!$$+e! % "ee#e#. BA%$%" 0$ b( $%#e, % !" !"*%+%*!%"e 0$ >($"ey. BT+e #$!3%")

%"*e"* % bl!/ %/+*+yl !l4e, !"# %* % *$!#%*%"!lly !l%e# * !b/ee. C!%le, )%4e" * b!b%e 3+e" *+ey /$y, %

/!lle# B**+-3#e$, %"/e B*+e *$(ble (* be *+!* *+ey !$e *ee*+%").

e/*%", e"/%l %" e"%/%ll%", !"#

*+e 3+%*e b!l !"# bl!/ b!l y( b(y %" *+e *$e %0 !ll *+% #e"* +el !"# y( *+%" *+e !*%e"* % )%") * #%e, y(

!y ! ! #/*$. I" *+e /($e 0 !"y ! #/*$le ye!$ *+e /l"%* +! !/(%$e# +% 3" 3%#, +% 3" $ee#%e.

E/e! %" /+%l#$e" % *$e!*e# 3%*+ Byell3 e#%/%"e, be* 0 !ll 3%*+ ! *e! !#e 0$ *+e 0l3e$ 0 (!+. I" *+e /!e

0 ! )$3"-(, "e +!# be**e$ (e *$")e$ e!", (/+ ! ! %*($e 0 )("3#e$, %l, !"# 4%"e)!$, 0$ e*e$"!l (e. I0y( +!4e $+e(!*%, y( #%) ! #ee +le, *!e e %l 3+%/+ +! "e4e$ ee" *+e (", !"# !e ! (l*%/e 0$ y($ $e

l%b. W("# !"# (l/e$!$e *$e!*e# 3%*+ /!bb!)e le!4e, /+!l, !"# 3+ey. P!%" !"# *($ "ee# ! (l*%/e !#e 0

cacha8a 0!*, !"# !l*. I*!l%!" !"# *+e%$ "e%)+b$ 0ll3 *+e !% 0 *+e )$e!* #/*$ 0 *+e !* ui bene purgat

bene curat !"# (e /!*$ %l %" +e$%/ #e !)!%"* !ll /"/e%4!ble b#%ly %ll.


36/80


37/80

IX

I0 I 3%+ * "3 $e !b(* *+e /l"%*, %0 I ! ("#(ly /($%(, I /!""* $e$* * (e*%". I /(l# "* )e*

!" !"3e$.T+e /l"%*, !0*e$ ! l%0e %" *+e 3%l#e$"e, "3 *+e *$!%l 0 *+e 3%l#/!* !"# 3+e$e * l 0$ *+e e$e"* e)).

O"e 3+ +! e!$/+e# 0$ *3e"*y ye!$ 0$ b, 0$ +$!e, e*%e 0$ ! 3$#, %" l%b$!$%e ! /le ! 0$e*,

+! ! %%l!$ e"e 0$ *+e +%#%") l!/e 0 !e$.

I ! 4e$y $(# +e$e, 3+e$e 0e$" (*)$3 +(!" be%"), 3+e$e +%*$y /!" "ly be !*/+e# *)e*+e$ 0$ *$%e, I

+!4e 0("# ! #$!3e$ /"*!%"%") $e!l #/(e"*


38/80

+!l03!y. A *$ee +!# 0!lle" !/$ *+e $!#. T+e$e 3e$e $e *+!" ! #e" +3l%") "ey >(%") !$("# " %*, !"# I

)* 0$%)+*e"e# !"# /le!$e# (*. T+e ye!$ 3e !$$%4e# %* 3! 4e$y $!%"y 3e /(l# "* b($" ! ro8a b($"* /le!$%") %" *+e

0$e*M, 3e +!# * /!$$y b$!"/+e !"# le!4e * "e * !"# b($" *+e, * )e* l!"# 0$ l!"*%"). W+e" ($ /$" be)!" *

$%e" 3e )* %"* "e3 *$(ble *+e !$$* /!e !"# "%bble# 0$ e4e$y e!$. ?y +(b!"# 3$e# " *+e $!# !"#

*+e$e0$e +e +!# *!()+* e * +!"#le *+e +*)(" !"# * /+!e *+e !$$* !3!y. O"e #!y I $e!lly $ee# *+e *$%))e$ !"#

3+!* +!e"e# 3! *+!* y "e%)+b$ 3%0e /!e $(""%") !l") !"# !%# +e +!# %e#%!*ely "*%/e# *+!* %* 3! "* y

+(b!"#, be/!(e 3+e" e" +* *+ey !e $e "%e. I *%ll l!()+ !b(* %* 3+e" I $e/!ll %*. ?y "e%)+b$ 3%0e +!#

b()+* +e$ 0%$* /3 ! /(le 0 "*+ e!$l%e$ !"# +e 3! !0$!%# I 3(l# !% %" +e$ #%$e/*%" !"# +* +e$ /3.

BT+e e/"# ye!$ 3e +!# ($ 3" !*($e !"# 3e b()+* ($ 0%$* /3. N3 3e +!# %l, b(**e$, !"# /+eee. W+e"#!%$y e$4%/e 3! $)!"%e# %" D""! I$! 3e b()+* 0($ $e /3 !"# /(l# *+e" 0($"%+ %l. (* 3e"* * *+e "e%)+b$

!"# !e# %0 +e +!# l%e$ 0$ #$!3%") "!%l +e /(l# "* *!"# %* !"y l")e$. T+e "e%)+b$ 0e*/+e# +% l%e$, y +(b!"#

!* #3" " ! *$ee *( !"# +!# +% **+ (lle#. I !l $eebe$ y *+%$*%e*+ b%$*+#!y. ?y +(b!"# /le!$e# !"*+e$

!/$e 0 *+e 0$e*7*+e$e 3! ! *$ee +e /(l# "* )e* #3", be/!(e %* b$!"/+e 3e$e *!")le# 3%*+ *+e 0 !"*+e$, +!l0

($*e# by ! *$. I 3!"*e# * +el y +(b!"# !3 %* 00. We 3e$e +!l0 *+$()+ 3+e" *+e *+e$ *$ee /!e #3". A b%)

b$!"/+ *$e y /l*+e 00 !"# b$(%e# y b$e!* bl(e !"# )$ee".=

BI 3"* 0$)e* *+e 0%$* !$$%!)e /eleb$!*e# +e$e. T+e #!y be0$e 3! $!%"y e"()+. T+e b$%#e !"# )$ #$4e #3"

* '!"%! !"# * *+e 3%*"ee !l") *+e$e 3! " "e!$e$ l!/e * )e* !$$%e#. T+e #!y 0*+e 3e##%") *+ey #$4e

+e *+ey !$$%4e# %" *+e e4e"%"), *+e b$%#e)$ !"# 3%*"e 3%*+ *+e%$ !"* $lle# (, !0*e$ 3!#%") *+$()+ *+e b),

3+%le *+e b$%#e, %" 4e%l !"# 3$e!*+, !* " *+e 3!)" b +l#%") *+e $e%". T+ey 3e$e $e/e%4e# %" *$%(+. T+e +$e

3(l#"* +!4e !#e %* by *+eel4e, *+e $!# 3! >(* * b!#. T#!y "b#y #$%4e ! 3!)" * ! 3e##%") *+e$e !$e

b())%e !"# /!$. (* ! !"y !**$!/*%4e 0e!*($e.=

I 3"#e$ %0 !e$ !)e $e (%/ly %" *+e 3!$e$ $e)%". I /!" +!$#ly bel%e4e *+!* /e$*!%" 0 *+ee 3e$e l%"e 3$%**e"

"ly 0%0*ee" ye!$ !). D *+e e**le$!//("* ee !"/%e"* be/!(e *+ey 3e$e 3$%**e" 3+%le *+e *$ee 3e$e *%ll l%4%")

*+e l!* ye!$ 0 *+e%$ *%ele $e%)"J I $e!#

BA0*e$ #(e $e!$!*%", !"# +!4%") !e# *+e R(%!" e!%"!*%" ! ! *e!/+e$ 0 (bl%/ /+l, I e$4e# 0$ *e"ye!$ %" *+e @e$!" 0%$*-)$!#e /+l %" Wl+y"%! !"# 0$ "e ye!$ " *+e C$%e!" e"%"(l!. A* *+% *%e, ! /(le 0

ye!$ be0$e *+e F%$* W$l# W!$, ! )$e!* !"y @e$!" le0* R(%! 0$ 4e$e!. ?y $e#%le/*%" 0$ ! (b*$%/!l

/l%!*e ())e*e# *+e /+%/e 0 ! /("*$y 3%*+(* l"), +!$# 3%"*e$. W+e" 0%"!lly, by +!e"*!"/e, $ by #e/%%" 0 *+e

D%4%"e P$4%#e"/e, I $e/e%4e# y $e/*( 0 *+e '!"e!*%/ Cl"%%")


39/80

BI" *+e e4e"%") *+ey l%* ! 0%$e, 0$%e# *+e 0%+, !"# /e# ! )$e!* b%) * 0 pir0o!$* 0 $$%#)e !#e 0 *!%/!M.

T+ey +!# * e!* !ll *+e 0%+, be/!(e !"*+e$ !"# /el* /!e (* 0 *+e 0$e* 3+e" *+ey elle# *+e !* "%)+*. T+ey

/(* *+e b%) 0%+ 3%*+ ! /!$4%") "%0e !"# !*e *+epir0o 3%*+ ! b%) ".

BO"/e, be0$e )%") * lee *+ey 3!"*e# * (* *+e%$ 0%+%") *!/le %" $#e$ b(* *+ey >(* /(l#"* 0%"# *+e 0%++.

SAll $%)+*, *+ey !%#, S3ell l 0$ *+e *$$3, 3+e" %* l%)+*. 8(* *+ey #%# "* 0%"# *+e %" #!yl%)+* e%*+e$,

be/!(e *+e 0%++ +!# bee" %" *+e l!*e *+ey +!# e!*e" *+epir0o 00,!"# *+ey +!# e!*e" *+e !ll.

BI0 *+!* +!e"e# *#!y= N3!#!y y( 3(l# $(+ *+e %"* *+e +%*!l !"# /(* *+e%$ bell%e e". 8(* *+e 3e$e

#%00e$e"* *%e. @$!"#0!*+e$ !"# +% b$*+e$ 3e$e ( *+e$e !)!%", 0%+%"), "e*


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O+, *+e l#e" *%e I* % "* e!y * le!$" !b(* *+e. T+e +!$!/y % /e$*!%"ly "* *+e l!/e * (* ele

%"* ! # 0$ *$y*ell%"). C+%l#$e" !y "*+%"), )$3"-( 4e$y l%**le. Y( +!4e * ) %"* *+e +(e !"# %"*e$4%e3y($ ($/e, %0 y( 3!"* * "3 $e.

I" *+e 0%$* +(e bey"# *+e +!$!/y 3e # "* )e* 0!$ by *+% e*+#. I* % *+e %"", 3+e$e "e%*+e$ *+e )(e* "$ *+e

%""eee$ *!y 0$ l").

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(bl%/ +(e ($4%4e )e"e$!*%". I""eee$ (*# 8e"e#%/*%"e " %" stabilitas loci. I* % #%00e$e"* " *+e colonia.

T+e /l"%* % "e 0 *+e l!* 0 *+!* #%!e!$%") e/%e, *+e >!/ 0 !ll *$!#e. 'e *!$* (* ! ! l(be$!" !"# !

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$e %"* *+e !e *. I0 *+e$e % ! b!ll, +e /+ +!l0 !" %"* churrasco*e!M !"# ell e4e$y b%* 0 %*. T+!*

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41/80

($"%") #$ee 0$ *+e e%)+* l%**le $+!" )%$l.= BT+!* cacha8a, cacha8a#%# %*, *+e ($"e$ ($($e# ! *+ey

0ll3e# *+e /00%" !"# *+e" 3e"* * #$%" %* * /"le *+eel4e.

Cacha8a% /+e! !"# % ! )# be)%""%") 0$ !(%") !"# !# *$%e. BY( $eebe$ 3+e" *+e 3+le !$*y #$4e

#3" 0$ *+e 3e##%") %" '((J T+e /!/+!" 3! 0(ll, *+e $!# 3! 3e*7!"# (##e"ly !ll 0 *+e 3e$e %**%") %" *+e

+)e" !"# *+e %) )$%""%") +!%ly !ll !$("# *+e N*+%") e$%( +!e"e#, b(* +, *+e "%/e #$ee

O$, BOl# P%e+l +!# +!# ! +!y Ne3 Ye!$ E4e, !"# +!# * )e* (* 0 +% !"* " *+e 3!y +e. 'e >(* 0$)* *

(* *+e " !)!%", !"# #%# "* $e!l%e %* ("*%l +e *!))e$e# %"* *+e *3" (!$e, e!$ly %" *+e $"%").= F$*("!*ely +%

*3 "-%"-l!3 3e"* * ee* +% 3%*+ ! 3+eelb!$$3, be0$e 3$e *+%") /(l# +!e"

T+e !# *$%e !$e $e "(e$(, !"# *+ey ("# *+e !e % e4e$y3+e$e. BI ! %e$!ble, I /(l# be/e !"!l/+l%/ %0 I +!#"* #$3"e# y )$%e0 %" 3%"e, I "/e +e!$# ! !" !y %" ;%e""!, !"# ! %%l!$ +%l+y ee

/" %" D""! I$!. Cacha8a% /+e!, b(* %* #e "* *!e l") * #$%" ! colonia !3!y +(e, *+e +y%)"y 0

3+%/+ /!" be %"*e$$e*e# ! +(!" 0!/e, le, *+$()+ cacha8a, *%le !"# 3%"#3!"e b!$# 0!ll (*, /l%b (,

*+e b(+e !$!/+ 0$ e4e$y3+e$e !"# 4e * $e/"(e$ *+e )$("# *+ey +!4e l* * !".

E4e$y*+%") #ee"#, ! %" !ll +(!" $el!*%", (" #!)e. BT+e b#y "ee# ! )l! 0 cacha8a %" *+e e4e"%"), *

#%*$%b(*e *+e 3!*e$, *+ey !y, !"#, BCacha8a % )#, e4e"gambas("M "3 *+!*. I0 y( 3!"* * /!*/+ (/+ !

bicho!"%!lM y( "ee# "ly (* ! /(0(l " *+e *$!%l 3+e$e %* ((!lly !e.= T+e gamba% +y. 'e /l%b #3" (*

0 *+e *$ee 3+e$e +e lee %" *+e #!y*%e, !"# )e +("*%"). 'e % 0"# 0 !ll /+%/e", e)), !"# 0$(%*. 8(* ell%")

cacha8a, +e (* +% *!%l %"* %* !"# l%/ %* 00. A"# %0 %* )# cacha8a+e #$%" %* !ll. O0 /($e +e 0!ll !lee. Y( )e*

+% %" *+e $"%").

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O#$ #e0y #e/$%*%". I 3%ll *$y * *ell +3 *+ee /%)!$ !$e !#e.

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*+e $e %*el0 0$ ! 3+%le. W+e" %* be/e +!$# *+!* y( /!" /$!e 0%l!e"* !"# /!l-bl!/ 3#e$ 00 %* 3%*+ y($

e""%0e, %* % $e!#y. Y( /(* ! #$%e# /$" le!0 !"# (* e 0 y($ bl!/ *(00 %"* %*. Y( $ll %* !"# l%)+* %*. T+e 0%$*

(00 $e%"# y( 0 ! 0%$e %" ! /3+e#. L!*e$ *+e 0(e be/e $e #e"e !"# I (e !$e %%l!$ * *+e *+e 3%*/+

#/*$ 0 *+e 8*/(# (e# * /+!e !3!y *+e e4%l %$%*.

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e$ /()+ !"# /le!$ +% *+$!*, %0 %* #%# "* (* +% %" *+e /"#%*%" 0 ! y(")*e$ *$y%") +% 0!*+e$ /%)!$ 0$ *+e0%$* *%e. 8(* %0 %* "* e!y * !//(* "eel0 * *+e /l"%* *3 /+%e0 ($/e 0 le!($e, %* % e(!lly #%00%/(l* *

)%4e e%*+e$ "e 0 *+e (.

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#%00%/(l*, #%00%/(l*. A"# "e %)+* 0!$e l%e ?!**e(, ( %" *+e C! #%*$%/*.

BW+!* +!e"e# * +%J I !e# l%*ely.

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)e %"* e %"* *+e b!", y( 3(l# be ! $%/+ !" !* *+e e"# 0 *+e ye!$ SR%)+* y( !$e, !y ?!**e(, *+$3

charutos!"# cachimbos/%)!$ !"# %eM !3!y, !"# * %"). A"# ($e e"()+, !* *+e e"# 0 *+e ye!$ +e +! ! l*

0 "ey. T+e e/"# ye!$ $e. T%e 3e$e #%00e$e"* *+e". T+e %l$e% 3! " *+e )l# *!"#!$# !"# 3$*+ ! (/+

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B%apel0oJ W+!* *+!*J

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!)!%"* !" ("e4e" $!#.

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3+le 0!%ly /!""* #$%", #e%*e !ll %* #e*e$%"!*%", % e"* * *+e #!%$y. T+e #!%$y bel") * *+e venda, !"# *+e$e *+e

%l y%el#7by %$!/(l( *$!"0$!*%" *+$()+ *+e %"*e$e#%!*e *!)e 0 "ey7/00ee, ()!$, "ee#le, *+$e!#, !"#

e$e"e. ?%l % e4e$-$ee"*, ("l%e *b!//, 3+%/+ be!$ "ey "/e ! ye!$, $ aipi, 3+%/+ *!e *3.

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# "* le *(/+ 3%*+ +(!" /%e*y.

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be/e l!e, b(* *+e %l +! * )e* *+$()+. 'e (* be +e!l*+y, b(* +% 3%0e !"# /+%l#$e" +(l# !l3!y be $e!#y !

(b*%*(*e, be/!(e B3e !$e !ll %" *+e +!"# 0 @#, 3e !ll /(l# (##e"ly b%*e *+e #(*, b(* *+e %l +! * )e* *+$()+.

'e (* +!4e ! )# e$y !"# $eebe$ 3+!* +e +! * b$%") 0$ *+e *$e. 'e !l b$%") !%l !"# !e$, +e

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%"*e$"!*%"!l /"0e$e"/e.

'% E/elle"/y *+e Ab!!#$ 0 I"+!b( $e$* *+!* 0($ +e!# 0 /!**le 3e$e *$(/ by l%)+*"%") %" *+e l!*

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$!ye$ !)!%"* l/(*. 'e $e!lly /!e, b$()+* +% b, !"# $!ye#. T+e l/(* /!lly /"*%"(e# " *+e%$ >b, b(* *+e

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)%4e e *+e le!($e 0 e"*e$%") y +!$!/y.

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BI* %*/+e, +e !y.

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T+eb!l# "3 *+!* +e +! * /"0e.

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cacha8a, 3%"e, ye = b(* %"J

BW+e$e # y( )e* %" 0$J

B?y y(")e*, Le"%, )e * /+l, *+%$# )$!#e. T+e *e!/+e$ $#e$e# *+e * b(y %".


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Ye*e$#!y T+eb!l# !e!$ !"e3. 'e % /!$$y%") !" %$e%4e %e/e 0 4e!l !"# #e%* %* 3%*+ ! b$!# %le ("

*+e /("*e$.

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BI !%#=

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