Vacuole

• Vacuoles Remove waists, Store Fluids, Store Food, Help Keep the pH Acidic in the cell, and confine harmful entities

• Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells than animal cells

• A Vacuole is like an attic, because it can be used to store things, which could possibly be dangerous.

• Vacuoles are in all plant cells, and most animal cells

Peroxisome Carly Villano

• Peroxisomes are organelles that resemble Lysosome and are most commonly found in eukaryotic cells

• Function: To rid the body of toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide, or other metabolites

*Peroxisomes are like exorcisms. They get rid of the unwanted.*

Cell membrane • All cells have a cell membrane Function• Forms a barrier between the inside of the cell and

outside, so chemical environment on the two sides can be different

• Controls what enters and leaves the cellComposition• proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell

membraneAnalogy• Cell membrane is like prison walls http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/bio99/bio99393.htm

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_membrane.html

Lysosomes

• FUNCTION: The cell’s digestive and garbage disposal system.– Degrades material from outside the cell as well as

parts of the cell that are no longer in use.– Breaks down waste in the cell

• Contain 50 different enzymes that break down proteins using hydrolysis.

• They are only found in eukaryotic cells.• ANALOGY: A lysosome is like a trash can for a cell. It disposes materials that are useless or dangerous.

Austin Ruggiero

Function: Ribosomes turn RNA into protein for the cell. They make the protein following instructions that come from the nucleus. Both animal cells and plant cells contain ribosomes.Ribosomes are sometimes found in the cytoplasm but others are connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. Analogy- Ribosomes are like people working in anassembly line because they take the product they get(RNA), turn it into something else (protein), and pass it on. By: Chris Pellegrino

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalphysiology/anatomy/animalcellstructure/Ribosomes/Ribosomes.htm

Powerhouse of the cell

•Provides the cell with the energy to divide, move, contract, etc.

Site of cellular respiration- generates fuel for the cell

•Also involved in cell division, growth, and death

•Has two membranes- the inner membrane is folded

•Found in eukaryotic cells

Suspected origin: Endosymbiotic Theory

•An aerobic bacteria was ingested by an anaerobic bacteria. They had survival advantages if they continued partnership. The aerobic provided energy and the anaerobic provided protection. This developed into an organelle with a double-membrane

The mitochondria is like the gasoline in a car because it powers the cell.

http://0.tqn.com/d/biology/1/0/W/X/mitochondrion.png

CiliaFunctions:

Small Whip-like structures used for Registering or directing flow in the surrounding liquid – movement of the cell

Cells with Cilia:Eukaryotes (essential in single cell organisms)

Lines the respiratory tract in humans Animal cells

Cilia is like a person crowd surfing because the peoples’ hands are like the cilia helping to move the cell along.

Nuclear Envelope

Double-membrane layer that surrounds and protects the nucleus of a cell allows materials to move in and out of the nucleus dotted with thousands of nuclear pores Located in both animal and plant cells

Only in organisms that are eukaryotic because they have a nucleus

Analogy: A nuclear envelope is like a set of parents (double-membrane) because parents watch over and protect their families, or in this case the nucleus.

http://faculty.weber.edu/nokazaki/Human_Physiology/Class%20notes/cell_files/image003.jpg

What Prokaryotic cells lack and containProkaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, but it has a cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic cell are contained by…

-all bacteria’s

Characteristics of Prokaryotes cells-Prokaryotic cell’s are generally small and simpler than Eukaryotic cells. -Prokaryotic cells can glide along surfaces and swim through liquids.-Genetic information is in a circular loop called plasmid.-They enjoy a diverse array of metabolic functions for their metabolism.-The cell grows and responds to changes in the environment.

Examples of Prokaryotic cells and their functions…

1) Escherichia Choli--live in intestines

2) Staphylococcus Aureus--can cause skin

infectionsProkaryotic features three major shapes1) rod shaped2) spherical3) spiral

FunctionsSince prokaryotic cells are contained by all bacteria’s, the function of a prokaryotic cell would be the functions of bacteria. Bacteria perform many important functions on the earth such as being decomposers, agents of fermentation and they play an important part in humans digestive system. In addition bacteria is Involved in many nutrient cycles.

Analogy1)Prokaryotic cells are like food, they play an important part in humans digestive systems.

2)Prokaryotic cells are like a doe, does don’t contain antlers like bucks, while prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus like Eukaryotic.

The nucleolus produces subunits which

together form the

ribosomes, which

move out of the nucleus to positions on the

rough endoplasmic reticulum where

they are critical in protein synthesis.

**Found in

eukaryotic

cells

Nucleolus is queen bee

and she works to

produce a colony

(subunits) which work

together to make

honey(ribosomes)

*you can remember

honey is ribosomes

because you put honey

BBQ sauce on ribs.

CHLOROPLAST

Function in a cell•Chloroplast plays the role of producing and giving off the chlorophyll needed to give the plant its green color. Also the Chloroplast is where photosynthesis occurs.

Where is it found?• You find chloroplast in plants.

Where does it come from?• Chloroplast was once a separate micro-organisms

• Has then became a part of eukaryotic cells through symbiosis.

Cellular Process•PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ANALOGY•The Chloroplast is like a paint brush it adds and controls the color of a plant.

How many membranes?

•Contains 2 main cell membranes of the inner membrane and outer membrane that make up the Chloroplast envelope.

By Tanner Brescancine Mr. Hachtman Bio 3/9/11

Chromosomes

• A chromosome’s function is to control all the activities in the cell and to hold genes.

• Also, they have a big part in cell division.

• Chromosomes are found in all cells, both plant and animal.

<http://www.science3point0.com/genegeek/files/2010/11/chromosome.jpg><http://www.buzzle.com/articles/chromosomes-function.html>

Chromosomes are like the principal of a school because they control the activities in a cell and they hold your records or genes.

Centriole by Corrin Dylnicki

• Works when its time for the cell to divide

– Helps with mitosis and meiosis– Rests during interphase

• Located near the nucleus, but invisible during cell division

• Every animal cell contains two small centrioles

• Each centriole is made of nine bundles of microtubules in a ring

• Analogy: A centriole is like a closet organizer. A closet organizer organizes a closet and centrioles organize cell division

• There is some evidence that centrioles evolved from endosymbiotic organisms that propagate by division

– This argument was fueled by the erroneous belief that centrioles possessed DNA

– They do however have RNA which leaves the question still open

• A counter argument states that they come from blepharoplasts which are identical in structure

– This is negated by some cells that create sperm

• Only eukaryotes have centrioles but Oocytes, certain rodents, flies and plants do not have centrioles.

– http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_centriole.html

Golgi Body• Functions: Packages and ships items out of the cell• Analogy: Golgi bodies are like shipping companies, they sort packages and

add addresses to make sure it goes to the right location in the body.• Looks like pancakes stacked on top of each other

Chromoplasts A pigmented plastid found in certain

plant cells. Chromoplasts that contain carotenoid

pigments impart the red, orange, or yellow colors to various fruit (e.g., tomato fruits), roots (e.g., carrot roots), and petals.

They, like all other plastids, are organelles found in specific photosynthetic eukaryotic species.

Chromoplasts are like hair dye because they give color to the plants.

Nucleusby: Kylie Gruppo

o The nucleus controls the present enzymes in order to regulate all the cell’s activity.

o Genetic material chemically directs cell activityo Usually in the form of long

strands of chromatin made of DNA and affiliated proteins

o Found in eukaryotic cellso Analogy: the nucleus is like a

brain because it controls everything in the cell just as the brain controls everything in the human body

o Surrounded by: nuclear envelope consisting of two bilayer membranes

http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/nucf.htm

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm?WhatPart=nucleus

http://wikids-life.wikispaces.com/file/view/nucleus.jpg/160451259/nucleus.jpg

Flagella

• Long thread like appendages• Provide all live single cells with movement• Flagella are like tails, or the wheels on a car.

The wheels give the car the ability to move.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Transports carbohydrates and lipids to the cell membrane

• Analogy: like a highway. Cars move from one place to the other

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Transports proteins to the cell membrane

• Analogy: a water slide cause it gets you from the top to the bottom

Cell Wall• Definition: A rigid layer of

polysaccharides enclosing the membrane.

• Found in plant and prokaryotic cells.• Main function is to maintain the

shape of the cell.• It provides support and protection

for the plant cell• It also prevents the cell membrane

from bursting in a hypotonic medium, which means it helps resist water pressure

• Analogy: A cell wall is like a skeleton, it keeps the shape of the body.

• url: www.google.com/images

By:KaylaJo McDanolds

Leucoplasts

• Only found in plant cells• They lack a pigment and are

smaller than chloroplasts.• Functions:

– used for storage of starches, lipids, and protein

– Helps with biosynthetic functions

• Contained by eukaryotic cells

• A leucoplast is like a zip-lock baggie. It has no pigment and is used for storage.

All plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms

are eukaryotes.

EukaryotesEukaryotesThese cells contain a nucleus.

In addition, they also contain a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, and organelles.

Although some live as single-celled organisms, a majority of them are multicellular

organisms.

The opposite of this cell is a prokaryote, which does not have a nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Cells are like a circle and a square. They

are both shapes, but only one has edges,

the square (Eukaryotic

Cell).

Cytoskeleton

- This is present in all cells.

- Structures such as flagella, cilia and lamellipodia and plays important roles in both intracellular transport and cellular division.

- A cytoskeleton is like the parental chaperone at a 1st grade trip because it controls the transport and the separation of cells.

Cytoplasm• The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that is within the cell membrane but excludes the nucleus• Protects the innards of the cell• Cytoplasm is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells• Analogy: Cytoplasm is like a helmet, it protects the important parts of the cell, just like the helmet protects the important parts of your head

Devin Mackay