VACciNES

VACCINES

• Substance that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response

• 2 main types– Modified-live– Killed

MODIFIED-LIVE

• Altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease

KILLED

• Disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means.

• Immunity developed is generally weaker than a modified-live

• Possibility that animal is allergic to compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent

DISEASES TO VACCINATE FOR

• DOGS– Bordetella (kennel cough)– Coronavirus– Distemper– Infectious hepatitis– Leptospirosis– Lyme disease– Parainfluenza– Parvovirus– rabies

• CATS– Feline calicivirus– Feline leukemia virus– Feline viral rhinotracheitis– Panleukopenia– rabies

MEDICATION

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

• Different ways of administering based on type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it

• Pill for heartworms can be given orally; drug to prevent shock should be given IV since it is a life or death situation

COMMON ROUTES

• Oral• Nasal• SubQ-subcutaneous (under the skin)• IM-intramuscular (in the muscle)• IP-intraperitoneal (in the abdominal cavity)• IV-intravenous (in the vein)

• Most are given SubQ or IM

Oral

Sub-Q (subcutaneous)

IM (intramuscular)

Nasal

IP(intraperitoneal)

IV (intravenous)

Routes of Administration

NEEDLES & SYRINGES

NEEDLES & SYRINGES

• Come in many shapes & sizes

• Need to be familiar with them so the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure

NEEDLES

• Different sizes called, gauges– Smaller the gauge, larger the needle

• Common gauges– 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27

• Large gauge (16, 18, 20)– Horses, Swine, Cattle

• Small gauge (21, 22, 23, 25, 27)– Cats, Dogs, Exotics

SYRINGES

• Come in various sizes, most common– Insulin, 1, 3, 5, 12, 20, 35, 60 ml

• 1 ml are called tuberculin syringes• Smallest syringe is the insulin-comes with

attached needles and are measured in units

SYRINGE TIP

• Leur-Lok tip-has a threaded tip to hold needle securely

• Slip tip-this is the standard syringe tip• Eccentric tip-used to administer angle for

IV injections• Catheter tip-used to administer oral

medications and liquefied food

FILLING A SYRINGE

• Should have no air bubbles (can cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death)

• Should be filled to correct amount